Boletus nceb: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw nws loj hlob thiab thaum twg los sau

Cov txheej txheem:

Boletus nceb: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw nws loj hlob thiab thaum twg los sau
Boletus nceb: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw nws loj hlob thiab thaum twg los sau

Video: Boletus nceb: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw nws loj hlob thiab thaum twg los sau

Video: Boletus nceb: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw nws loj hlob thiab thaum twg los sau
Video: Part 04 - Moby Dick Audiobook by Herman Melville (Chs 041-050) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Npaj zoo li no yog paub txog peb cov kwv tij. Nws yog heev noj qab nyob zoo thiab cua, uas txiav txim nws muaj koob meej ntawm gourmets. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev kom pom nws nyob rau hauv tej hav zoov qus. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog qhov muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb cuav - lom "cov txheeb ze" thiab toadstools.

Nov yog ib lub nceb zoo heev. Nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg, yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov nceb, nws muaj nuj nqis dab tsi? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam lus nug tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv kab lus.

chaw loj hlob

Mushrooms loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj spruce, ntoo thuv, birch los yog ntoo qhib. Lawv xaiv qhov chaw qhuav. Lawv tsis loj hlob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, qis qis, qhov chaw ntub dej thiab hauv cov swamps.

Zoo heev yuav ntsib nws hauv tej hav me me thiab cog me me rau lub caij ntuj sov. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav lawv hauv qhov tob ntawm cov hav zoov qub lossis ntawm ntug. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib lawv raws txoj kev thiab hav zoov txoj kev, nrog rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob hauv pab pawg, thiab yog tias koj muaj hmoo txaus kom ntsib tsawg kawg ib tus nceb, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau dua.

Vim li cas tib neeg hu cov nceb porcini, txawm tias lawv lub kaus mom yog xim av tsaus thiab qia yog xim av?Yog vim li cas yog raws li nram no: thaum qhuav, s alting los yog pickling, nqaij tsis darken, thiab tseem dawb nyob rau hauv lub boletus nceb.

Kev piav qhia

Borovik (Bolet) yog ib hom nceb ntawm Boletov tsev neeg. Qhov no kuj yog lub npe ntawm cov nceb dawb (ib hom kab ntau tshaj plaws ntawm genus).

Hauv cov lus tshawb fawb, "boletus" yog ib hom nceb, uas suav nrog txog 300 hom. Ntawm lawv yog ob qho tib si edible thiab lom. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tsuas yog ib hom feem ntau hu ua boletus - dawb nceb.

Hluas boletus nceb
Hluas boletus nceb

Thaum piav txog qhov tshwm sim, qhov nyuaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias cov nceb no txawv txav, vim nws pom nyob hauv yuav luag txhua hav zoov ntawm sab qaum teb hemisphere. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb paub qhov txawv txog li 18 subspecies ntawm boletus, txawv ntawm cov xim, qhov loj thiab lub sij hawm ripening.

Thiab tsis tau, kev piav qhia dav dav ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua tiav. Nws muaj qhov loj me. Lub kaus mom ntawm cov qauv loj hlob mus txog qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 7 mus rau 30 cm (thiab txawm txog li 50 cm). Cov nceb qub muaj lub kaus mom me ntsis flattened, tab sis tsis prostrate.

Cov yam ntxwv dav dav:

  • txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev loj, lub kaus mom-thiab-nosed;
  • lub kaus mom puag ncig lossis cushion-puab, du lossis velvety;
  • fibrous lossis mesh (tsis tshua du) qia thickened nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem los yog ntawm lub hauv paus;
  • nqaij yog dawb lossis daj, tig xiav rau ntawm kev txiav hauv ntau hom, me ntsis feem ntau tseem tsis muaj xim lossis hloov xim liab;
  • spore hmoov muaj ntau qhov ntxoov xim av.

Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem hu ua nceb zoo nkauj, uas tuaj yeem pom tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawmtaug kev hauv hav zoov.

About mushroom shapes

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm 18 daim duab yog spruce, ntoo qhib, ntoo thuv thiab birch nceb:

  1. Spruce boletus nceb. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv spruce thiab mixed forests. Nws lub kaus mom muaj lub teeb xim av lossis xim av tint. Ib tug ncaj ncaj qia widens mus rau hauv paus. Txij nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli yog lub sijhawm khaws cov nceb no.

    Spruce Boletus
    Spruce Boletus
  2. Oak boletus. Cov nceb muaj lub kaus mom brownish nrog grey tint. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus rau Lub Kaum Hli thaum ntxov hauv cov ntoo qhib hav zoov. Daim ntawv no yog thermophilic.

    ntoo qhib boletus
    ntoo qhib boletus
  3. Pine boletus. Nws yog ib tug stockier nceb nrog ib tug tsaus liab-xim av cap. Ob txhais ceg yog tuab tuab nyob rau hauv qab. Pom tau txij lub Xya Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntoo ntoo nrog cov av xuab zeb.
  4. Pine Boletus
    Pine Boletus
  5. Birch boletus. Nws tshwm sim thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Kaum Hli feem ntau hauv birch thiab hav zoov sib xyaw. Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub kaus mom yog xim liab-daj lossis lub teeb xim av. Cov ceg luv yog tuab.
  6. Boletus birch
    Boletus birch

Txhua hom nceb no noj tau.

Tus nqi noj zaub mov

Nws ntseeg tias cov genus no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb nceb. Boletus tsis muaj ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus tshwj xeeb raws li kev saj zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa tag nrho lub plab zom mov. Cov nceb dawb muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb: cov vitamins, proteins,extractives thiab minerals. Nws belongs rau thawj qeb.

Cov kab mob thiab lwm cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov nyiam nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab yog li ua ntej ua noj, lawv yuav tsum tau soaked hauv dej ntsev kom zoo kom tag nrho cov tsiaj muaj sia ntab mus rau saum npoo.

Thiab hnub no hauv qee lub zos Lavxias lawv txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv thiab qhuav porcini nceb. Nws feem ntau yog noj boiled thiab kib.

nceb cuav

Cov nceb tsis muaj kev paub yuav ua rau tsis meej pem cov nceb boletus nrog cov nceb zoo ib yam li nws (muaj kuab lom thiab noj tsis tau).

Tus kab mob gallbladder (tsis muaj tseeb boletus) tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo li nws. Nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis muaj ib qho iab saj, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem noj. Qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb boletus:

  • lub kaus mom txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 10 cm;
  • lub pulp ntawm qhov chaw txiav tig liab;
  • Vim qhov iab iab, tsis yog neeg muaj kev phem;
  • mesh qauv ntawm qia yog me ntsis tsaus dua li cov xim tseem ceeb (porcini yog sib dua).
kab mob fungal
kab mob fungal

Lwm cov nceb cuav yog dab ntxwg nyoog. Nws yog ib tug txheeb ze ze, raws li nws belongs rau tib genus - Boroviki. Qhov no yog cov nceb lom heev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob noj txhua. Nws tsis yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas, tab sis qee zaum nws zoo nkaus li zoo ib yam li cov nceb dawb. Distinguishing nta:

  • lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog xim ntawm qia, uas feem ntau yog txiv kab ntxwv lossis liab (qhov ntxoov ntxoo ib txwm tsaus dua thiab saturated dua li ntawm lub hau, thaum qhov ntxeev yog qhov tseeb rau dawb);
  • kaus mom yeej tsis xim av (feem ntau nwsgreyish, dawb los yog txiv ntseej grey);
  • ntawm kev txiav, cov nqaij dawb ntawm lub kaus mom hloov pom liab lossis xiav, thiab cov nqaij hauv ceg pib muaj xim liab;
  • qub nceb tsw tsw phem;
  • Lub qia ntawm cov nceb me me yog kheej kheej lossis qe-puab, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog nws dhau los ua turnip-puab los yog lub thoob-puab-puab (nqaim upward), tab sis tsis cylindrical.
dab ntxwg nyoog nceb
dab ntxwg nyoog nceb

Thaum twg los sau?

Vim tias qhov ntsuas kub xav tau rau kev loj hlob tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv lub caij ntuj sov, ces kev sau cov nceb boletus yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av thiab qhov kub thiab txias, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov nceb nce zuj zus.

Zoo huab cua rau cov nceb boletus:

  • thunderstorms luv;
  • hmo ntuj nrog pos huab.

Pib sau lawv ua ntej hnub tuaj, thaum cov nceb pom ntau dua. Lub sijhawm zoo rau kev sau yog ib lub lim tiam tom qab nag kawg. Lub sijhawm no, lawv muaj sijhawm loj hlob.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov ntub, cov nceb boletus loj hlob deb ntawm cov ntoo, ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes uas muaj cua sov zoo, cov npoo thiab qhov chaw. Thaum lub caij qhuav, cov nceb feem ntau nkaum hauv cov ntoo, ntawm cov nyom qhuav, qhov chaw noo noo tau khaws cia zoo.

Nws tau pom tias cov nceb no pom nyob qhov twg morels loj hlob.

Pom zoo: