Cov nceb cuav: piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw lawv loj hlob. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb cuav thiab cov khoom noj tau

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Tau kawg, txhua yam uas tau sau ntawm no tsis yog rau tus kws paub txog nceb. Nws paub raws nraim qhov twg tus cuav zib mu agaric yog, thiab qhov twg ib txwm, edible ib. Tab sis yog tias koj tab tom mus rau "kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to" thawj zaug, nyeem cov ntawv ntawm kab lus no kom zoo dua. Qhov no yuav cawm koj ntawm kev ua yuam kev uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Thaum khaws cov nceb, nws yooj yim heev ua yuam kev thiab khaws cov nceb cuav hauv pob tawb. Qhov no yog txhua yam yooj yim dua ua, txij li lawv loj hlob nyob rau tib qhov chaw raws li cov khoom noj tau - ntawm cov pob zeb qub lossis txoj cai ntawm tsob ntoo trunks. Muaj ntau ntau yam hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov nceb cuav thiab zoo tib yam, thiab qee zaum lawv loj hlob sib xyaw.

Insidious zib mu nceb - uas yog cuav thiab qhov twg yog qhov zoo tib yam? Cov nceb cuav yog cov nceb uas zoo li cov nceb noj tau, ntawm lawv muaj ntau hom tshuaj lom, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis tsis txawv ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig.

Tab sis ua ntej piav qhia txog cov nceb cuav, kom muaj kev taw qhia zoo dua ntawm kev sib tham, cia peb tham txog nceb zoo tib yam - lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg nceb.

Ntsuab nceb

Ntawm cov kwj deg, ze cov swamps, hauv cov hav zoov ntub dej thiab cov stumps, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov nceb loj hlob hauv pab pawg. Cov nceb no tshwj xeebnrov nrog Russian mushroom pickers.

Lawv tsis pub tshaj 15 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, lawv loj hlob feem ntau ntawm stumps. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub kaus mom ntawm tus neeg laus nceb tsis ntau tshaj 10 cm, cov duab ntawm lub hau yog los ntawm hemisphere mus rau lub kaus tiaj tus (hauv cov neeg laus cov qauv). Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom muaj ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm beige mus rau reddish-daj.

Nrog hnub nyoog, xim ntawm ob txhais ceg darkens. Ntawm txhais ceg, zib mu agaric muaj ib lub nplhaib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim tiab. Hauv cov neeg laus, daim tiab muaj kua muag thiab zoo li dai rau hauv tatters.

Nceb nyiam qhov chaw ntub dej thiab yooj yim khaws cov dej noo, yog li cov hnoos qeev tuaj yeem tshwm rau ntawm lub hau thiab ntawm lub cev ntawm cov nceb. Tom qab tawg cov nceb, koj yuav pom tias cov nqaij ntawm cov nceb yog lub teeb, nrog ib tug yellowish los yog creamy tint, koj yuav hnov qab ntxiag tsw ntawm ntoo tshiab.

Nceb qab thiab noj qab nyob zoo: lawv cov pulp yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv amino acids, zaub proteins thiab fiber.

Muaj lub caij ntuj sov, caij nplooj ntoos hlav, caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ntawm zib mu nceb. Nws loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov ntawm cov nceb pickers yog lub caij nplooj zeeg nceb, uas tseem hu ua "cov nceb tiag", "Autumn", "Assumption mushroom".

Nyob hauv hav zoov coniferous nyob rau thaj tsam roob koj yuav ntsib lub caij ntuj sov zib mu agaric. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov hav zoov ze ntawm cov roob muaj av noo ntau dua, thiab cov nceb no, raws li tau hais los saum no, nyiam noo noo.

Rau cov hav zoov deciduous, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv yog hav zoov ntub, cov nceb zib mu yuav pom muaj ntau dua, thiab txhua yam.

Mushroom yog cov kab mob parasitic fungus. Nws settles tsis tau tsuas yog rau rotting stumps, tab sis kuj nyob rau cov neeg mob, nrogpuas ntoo ntoo, xws li birch thiab linden. Qee zaum nws kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntoo qhib nrog aspens.

Raws li cov lus piav qhia dav dav ntawm cov nceb cuav, tsis muaj nyob. Lawv, raws li twb tau hais lawm, muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm zib mu nceb thiab nceb cuav?

Ua ntej, qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum khaws cov nceb yog qhov muaj lub nplhaib nrog lub tiab nyob hauv qab lub kaus mom. Cov nceb cuav tsis muaj cov nplhaib zoo li no, lossis tsuas muaj ib txoj hlua khi ntawm cov qia xwb.

Thib ob, ntseeg tau tias cov xim ntawm cov nceb no ci dua li cov xim ntawm ib txwm muaj. Cov phiaj hauv qab lub kaus mom ntawm cov zib ntab cuav agaric yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim daj, ntsuab lossis xim av qias neeg. Thaum txiav, lawv sai sai darken. Tab sis daim phiaj ntawm nceb, uas yog suav hais tias yog noj tau, yog cream los yog lub teeb xim av xim.

Thib peb, yog tias koj txawm li cas los xij coj cov nceb dub hauv tsev thiab twb muab pov rau hauv lub lauj kaub kom npau, muab dos tso rau ntawd thiab. Puas yog dos nyob rau hauv nceb broth darken? Qhov no yog lwm txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas qhov cuav zib ntab agaric. Nyob rau hauv ib lub decoction ntawm edible nceb, dos yuav tsis hloov xim.

Thaum kawg, yog tias koj xav tias iab thaum saj, muab pov tseg tag nrho. Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas ib qho khoom noj tsis tau, lossis txawm tias muaj kab mob lom tau nkag mus rau hauv pob tawb.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov nceb cuav muaj ntau dua ntawm cov nceb caij nplooj zeeg.

False honeysuckle sulfur-daj

False zib mu agaric sulfur-daj - lub npe nrov tshaj ntawm cov nceb cuav. Cov nceb no pom nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg loj ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, hauv av ze lawv, ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm ob qho tib si deciduous thiab coniferous ntoo, thiab.clearings.

Lub taub ntawm lub hau yog li ntawm 6-7 cm. Lub hau yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm tswb-puab mus rau tiaj, xim ntawm daj mus rau liab-xim av. Tsis muaj nplais.

Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom tuaj yeem yog daj, grey lossis dub nrog cov txiv ntseej.

Thaum lub sijhawm so, cov nceb yog xim daj tsis tiav. Cov xim ntawm spore hmoov yog xim av tsaus.

Lub sam thiaj yog iab nyob rau hauv saj, muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw.

ceg yog hollow, ncaj los yog nkhaus, lub teeb daj, ntev li ntawm 10 cm, ntau tshaj li ib nrab centimeter tuab.

Ntawm lo lus nug ntawm seb cov nceb cuav puas muaj tshuaj lom los yog tsis yog, hais txog cov kab mob ntshav qab zib-daj cuav zib ntab, koj yuav tsum teb cov lus pom zoo.

Cov tsos mob ntawm sulphur-daj lom lom

Lub sijhawm ntawm ib teev mus rau rau tus neeg uas tau noj cov nceb no yuav hnov qab, xeev siab, thiab ntuav. Mob plab thiab mob plab kuj raug suav hais tias yog cov tsos mob ntawm sulfur-daj zib mu agaric lom. Tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsis nco qab.

Tshuaj lom nrog cov nceb no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab lub plab, ob lub raum thiab txawm tias cov hlab plawv. Tau kawg, cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Tab sis txhua tus, uas nws cov zaub mov, los ntawm kev saib xyuas, tau txais ib qho tsis tseeb sulfur-daj zib ntab agaric, yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Fringed Galerina

Lub caij ntuj sov nceb, uas yog qab ob qho tib si kib thiab pickled, thiab raws li ib tug filling rau ib lub ncuav, thaum sau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau confuse nrog nws cov tshuaj lom counterpart - bordered galerina. Qhov no nceb yog xamtshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai - vim hais tias nws muaj tib co co toxins xws li daj ntseg grebe.

Raws li koj paub, cov amatoxins muaj nyob rau hauv cov nceb no koom nrog feem ntau ntawm tib neeg lom nrog tshuaj lom fungi.

Nws nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm galerina thiab nceb noj tau - txawm hais tias galerina me dua, nws txawm muaj lub nplhaib me me ntawm ceg (uas pom, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog hauv cov qauv hluas xwb).

Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub kaus mom, cim rau hauv nruab nrab nrog lub pob me me, yog li ntawm 3 txog 5 cm.

Cov xim ntawm lub hau hloov pauv nyob ntawm cov av noo, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hau nws tuaj yeem ua xim liab-liab lossis xim liab-xim av, paler rau ntawm ntug. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txo, cov xim ntawm fungus yuav duller.

Pulp yog xim av mus rau dawb, yuav luag tsis muaj ntxhiab, saj zoo li hmoov.

Cov nceb no pom txhua lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg - yog tias sov sov, ces txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Qhov no ob lub zib mu agaric tuaj yeem loj hlob tsis yog hauv "tsev neeg", qee zaum galerinas nyob ib leeg.

Ntau zaus Galerina hlob nyob ze cov ntoo coniferous, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntoo deciduous. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo kom sau cov nceb caij ntuj sov hauv hav zoov coniferous - qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntes cov nceb lom los ntawm kev ua yuam kev yog qhov zoo heev. Lossis nug tus kws paub txog nceb tuaj nrog koj.

Txoj kev npam nrog ciam teb galerina

Kev noj galerina ciam teb nyoos tuaj yeem ua rau daim siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yog tias tsis noj sai, tuaj yeem nrog cov tsos mob saum toj no, nce mus txog qhov tuag.

Thiab lub nceb nomuaj cov co toxins qeeb qeeb, yog li cov tshuaj lom zoo li "ntev" - nws cov cim tshwm tsuas yog nyob rau hnub thib ob tom qab noj cov fungus. Thaum kawg ntawm hnub thib peb, tus mob yuav zoo dua me ntsis, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua rau mob jaundice.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqa galerina los ntawm hav zoov yog qhov siab heev - hnub no nws tseem ntau dua li daj ntseg grebe.

Scales

Nplai yog dotted nrog nplai, uas lawv yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm zib mu nceb. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee cov nceb kuj tseem muaj cov nplai, tab sis tsuas yog cov qauv me me xwb. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm cov nplai tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nceb, uas yog vim li cas cov nceb no tseem tsis meej pem nrog zib ntab nceb.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov flakes tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv feem ntau yog nug.

Hauv qab ntawm daim duab yog lub ntsej muag kub, uas yog hu ua Royal zib ntab agaric. Cov nceb no yog qhov ze tshaj plaws hauv kev saj rau nceb, txawm tias tsis yog txhua tus nceb pickers sau lawv.

Nyob rau hauv tsos, yog hais tias qhov no yog zib mu agaric, ces nws loj version. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau yog yam tsawg 20 cm, qhov siab ntawm tag nrho cov nceb yog tib yam.

Cov nplais kub no npog nrog cov nplai ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo tsaus, ze rau xim av.

Loj hlob ntawm stumps, trunks ntawm cov ntoo nyob thiab ntoo deadwood ib zaug, tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg. Lawv yog cov feem ntau inhabitants ntawm deciduous forests. Lawv tshwm nyob rau hauv abundance ua ntej lub txias snap.

Kev hlub (cinder) flake - lwm tus ntxaib ntawm cov zib ntab agaric.

Cov nceb no tsis muaj cov co toxins, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem noj tausuav hais tias tsis yog khoom noj tshwj xeeb. Siv raws li lub npe hu ua conditionally edible rau pickling thiab thib ob chav kawm.

Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov pob zeb-hlub flakes los ntawm cov xim ntawm lub hau - nws yog xim daj los yog txiv kab ntxwv, muaj cov phaj liab hauv qab nws.

Cov kab no loj hlob, raws li txoj cai, ib qho qauv hauv cov hav zoov sib xyaw thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Lwm yam flake - fiery - muaj xim liab-rusty cap. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm fungus yog ci daj nplai. Lub hau tuaj yeem ncav cuag li xya centimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla.

Nyob tsob ntoo cog ntoo ob leeg hu nkauj thiab ua pab pawg.

Tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis saj iab, nqaij tawv, yog li nws tsuas yog suav tias yog nceb noj xwb.

Cov nplais muaj calories tsawg, muaj qee cov vitamins, calcium thiab phosphorus compounds, thiab noj fiber ntau.

iab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho ua ntej. Nws yog txaus rau boil golden flakes rau 15-20 feeb, lwm tus yuav tsum tau tsau nyob rau hauv dej txias rau tsawg kawg ib hnub.

kab daj-liab

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj ntsib ib pawg nceb uas muaj lub kaus mom liab lossis liab liab, qhov no feem ntau tsis yog nceb, tab sis kab daj-liab (tseem hu ua nceb liab).

Ryadnovka nyob hauv ntoo thuv hav zoov. Nws yog suav tias yog conditionally edible vim nws saj iab thiab yuav tsum tau pre-boiling.

Zoo kawg

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum lub sijhawm ua nojCov nceb cuav yuav tsis plam lawv cov khoom lom, lawv cov tshuaj lom yuav tsis raug rhuav tshem, thiab txawm tias qhov nce hauv toxicity yuav tshwm sim thaum lub kaus mom thiab khaws cia. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qee cov nceb, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tshem tawm lawv, thiab tsis txhob sim rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Ntxiv rau, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov nceb zoo tib yam, zoo li feem ntau cov nceb agaric, yooj yim nqus cov tshuaj lom nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Yog li, yog tias cov nceb noj tau tuaj ib puag ncig los ntawm cov nceb lom (piv txwv li, sulfur-daj nceb lossis galerins), nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob noj cov nceb nws tus kheej. Ib yam li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv cov nceb nyob ze ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog loj, nyob ze cov kab hluav taws xob.

Thiab yog tias nws yog nceb noj tau zoo, nws yuav tsum raug kho kom sov.

Ntawm cov lus qhia muab los ntawm cov kws paub txog nceb, feem ntau tuaj yeem hnov cov lus hauv qab no: dhau los ua ib tus neeg nyob hauv ib lub hav zoov. Lossis nrhiav ib qho chaw nyob hauv hav zoov uas muaj zib mu nceb nyob hauv tsev neeg. Nrog ceev faj, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau mycelium, khaws cov nceb, koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus tsev nrog kev sau qoob loo.