Zeysky State Nature Reserve, Amur Region

Cov txheej txheem:

Zeysky State Nature Reserve, Amur Region
Zeysky State Nature Reserve, Amur Region

Video: Zeysky State Nature Reserve, Amur Region

Video: Zeysky State Nature Reserve, Amur Region
Video: Zeya Nature Reserve | Wikipedia audio article 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Cov av ntawm Russia muaj npe nrov rau lawv qhov kev zoo nkauj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm tus txiv neej, cov chaw tiv thaiv raug tsim los ntawm lub xeev. Ib qho ntawm cov chaw no yog Zeya Nature Reserve, uas nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tswj xyuas qhov xwm txheej yuav luag hauv nws daim ntawv qub.

Qhov chaw thiab nyem

Yog li, Zeya thaj chaw nyob qhov twg? Nws thaj chaw yog nyob rau Far Eastern Federal District thiab nyob ze ciam teb ntawm Russia nrog Tuam Tshoj. Thawj coj hu ua Amur Region.

Lub chaw khaws cia nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob nrog lub npe paub tsis meej Tukuringa, qhov chaw toj roob hauv pes hla los ntawm lub hav nqaim ntawm tus Dej Zeya, tom qab uas cov khoom muaj npe. Tsis deb ntawm nws yog lub nroog Zeya, uas muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia yog me ntsis ntau dua 82 txhiab hectares. Nws txoj kev nyem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txoj kab nqes hav (txog 70 degrees) thiab tiaj tus watersheds, uas nce siab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov hav dej los ntawm 400-600 meters. Cov txaj dej yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tob tob, ntau qhov nrawm nrawm, dai qhov ncauj thiab dej tsaws tsag.

tsegZeya
tsegZeya

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom cia

Lub Zeisky Reserve tau tsim los ntawm kev pib ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Soviet geologist Alexander Stepanovich Khomentovsky. Feem ntau, cov lus nug ntawm creation yog tseem nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo pua, tab sis qhov teeb meem tau tawm hauv av tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sixties. Xyoo yug ntawm tus cia yog 1963.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom yog los tiv thaiv cov lus siv ntawm thaj chaw roob thiab kawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm no tab tom saib xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Zeya reservoir ntawm natural complexes.

Kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw yog ua los ntawm cov neeg hav zoov, cov neeg ua haujlwm hav zoov thiab lawv cov pab cuam, uas taug kev, caij nees, hauv nkoj lossis nkoj tsis tu ncua tshuaj xyuas thaj chaw uas lawv tso siab rau thiab khaws cia.

Climatic nta

Kev nyab xeeb hauv thaj chaw cia yog txias txias. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog rho tawm plaub mus rau rau degrees. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, tus pas ntsuas kub poob mus rau peb caug degrees hauv qab xoom, thiab lub caij ntuj sov nws tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj yim caum.

ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub reserve
ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub reserve

Lub caij ntuj no no ntshiab, cua thiab qhuav. Cov daus me ntsis poob, tab sis txij li qhov kub qis yog qhov ruaj khov, nws tsis yaj thiab nyob txhua lub caij ntuj no, txij lub Kaum Hli mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis. Qhov siab ntawm snowdrifts ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus thiab ko taw nce mus txog nees nkaum centimeters, tab sis ze rau saum ntuj, cov daus ntau dua. Nrog txhua mais, qhov siab ntawm lub hau nce li peb caug centimeters.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cua hlob zuj zus rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw cia, tab sis kuj muaj nag lossis daus me me. Cov huab cua kub yog txias heev. Lub caij ntuj sovZeisky Reserve ua rau nws cov qhua xav tsis thoob nrog qhov tshwm sim zoo nkauj - noog cherry blooms nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej ntws tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov dej khov uas tsis tau yaj. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub caij ntuj sov lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog characterized los ntawm sov thiab ntub huab cua. Autumn yog qhuav thiab cua. Lub kaum hli ntuj muaj dej nag tsawg kawg.

Soils in reserve

Cov av npog hauv qhov cia tsis tuaj yeem hu ua fertile. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj tsam ciam teb rau thaj tsam permafrost, thiab qhov no cuam tshuam rau cov av. Cov txheej khov khov tsis pub dej hla dhau, vim li ntawd, lub hau ntawm lub roob toj siab yog overdried thiab pob zeb. Thiab cov av ntawm hollows thiab hollows, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, yog oversaturated nrog noo noo, uas kuj tsis pab rau fertility.

txoj kev ridge
txoj kev ridge

Reservoir

Txhua tus dej hla dhau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw cia yog nyob ntawm tus dej Zeya, uas tsim lub pas dej Zeya.

Ua ntej yuav tsim lub hiav txwv uas neeg tsim, tus dej muaj tus cwj pwm tawv ncauj. Kev txav mus los nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem vim qhov nrawm ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab ntau qhov sib txawv thiab nrawm. Kev phom sij ntawm kev taug kev raws tus dej yog pov thawj los ntawm cov npe ntawm nws ntu: Cov Cannibals Loj thiab Me, Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Pechka, thiab lwm yam.

Ib zaug thaum lub caij ntuj sov, Zeya hla nws cov ntug dej, thiab cov chaw nyob ze tau nyob hauv dej. Los ntawm kev tsim ib lub reservoir, ib tug txiv neej tswj kom tswj tau lub obstinate. Hnub no Zeya yog navigable thiab coj ntau tus nqi dua li yav dhau los.

Tag nrho thaj chaw nyob los ntawm cov chaw khaws cia hauv thaj chaw yog 770 hectares. Feem ntau yog dej ntws. Muaj swamps.

qhov twgZeya xwm reserve yog nyob
qhov twgZeya xwm reserve yog nyob

Nroog ntiaj teb

Cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj chaw cia yog roob-tundra-boreal complex. Nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub Ridge muaj lub teeb larch forests nrog ib tug cover ntawm qus rosemary; siab me ntsis muaj cov hav zoov tsaus nti coniferous interspersed nrog tsawg interspersed nrog roob tshauv, woolly thiab pob zeb birch (hauv av ntawm no yog them nrog ntsuab moss); thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ib phab ntsa impenetrable loj hlob cedar elfin.

Cov nqes hav ntawm lub roob uas fim lub pas dej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm Manchurian flora. Plateau zoo li watersheds tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo nroj tsuag - lawv yog thaj tsam ntawm tundra npog nrog shrubs thiab nyom.

Lub Zeya Reserve yog nto moo rau nws cov thickets ntawm Ayan spruce, uas yog amazing nyob rau hauv nws loj. Ntoo ncav cuag peb caug meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab ib tug tag nrho meter nyob rau hauv girth. Lawv nyob tau plaub puas xyoo. Qee qhov chaw uas tau siv los ua spruce rhuav tshem los ntawm hluav taws yog tam sim no overgrown nrog Gmelin larch.

Muaj me me meadow zaub nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw cia, thiab nws kuj yog feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws, thaum liab doog nyom thiab Sugawara tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm burnt thickets ntawm Ayan spruce.

tseg zones
tseg zones

Tukuringra Ridge tuaj yeem hu ua lub nceeg vaj tiag tiag ntawm nceb. Muaj ntau txog 158 hom ntawm no. Ib txhia ntawm lawv decompose ntoo tuag. Ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov hauv qab no pom: porcini nceb, hom boletus, liab boletus, larch thiab daj butterdish, nceb tiag tiag, camelina, dawb yoj.

155 ntau yam ntawm lichens tau pom ntawm no, nees nkaum ib hom kuj tseem pombryophytes. 637 ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag vascular tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cia.

Shrubs yog dominated los ntawm qus rosemary, Daurian rhododendron, blueberry, qus sawv, nruab nrab thiab winding spirea. Nyob rau hauv swampy thiab damp forests thiab spruce forests, muaj ntau yam sedges, Lyubarsky's aconite, ntau oxalis, Labrador mytnik, Asian Volzhanka, ob-leaved mullet, wintergreen, thiab fern. Hauv hav zoov qhuav, feather nyom, Japanese buttercup, Amur carnation, palmate violet, ntau hom geranium, roob goatweed, Tatar aster, thiab tshis radiant loj hlob.

Zeya xwm cia: tsiaj thiab noog

Ua ntej tsim lub Zeya reservoir, ntau hom ntses nyob rau sab qis thiab sab sauv ntawm tus dej sib txawv heev. Tom qab tus dej Zeya raug thaiv, cov stocks ntawm taimen, greyling, whitefish, thiab asp sai txo. Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm minnow, chebak, rotan thiab minnow tau nce.

zeya nature reserve tsiaj
zeya nature reserve tsiaj

thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia ua qhov chaw hla mus rau ntau hom tsiaj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov fauna ntawm Eastern Siberia tsiv raws toj siab ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Thiab cov kwj ha dej, tig mus rau hauv txoj kab nqes, cia ntau txhiab tus neeg ntawm Amur tsiaj hla dhau lawv, txav mus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, mus rau sab qaum teb.

Lub Zeisky Nature Reserve yog nto moo rau nws cov noog, uas yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qaib, uas zoo dua sawv cev ntawm no dua lwm qhov hauv Far East. Ntawm ntau ntau hom yog hazel grouse, capercaillie, tundra thiab ptarmigan, qus grouse, thiab lwm yam.

Tab sis tsis muaj ntau tus ungulates ntawm no. Koj tuaj yeem sau npe tsuas yog elk, roe mos lwj, mos lwj liab thiabmusk mos lwj, thiab qee zaum muaj npua teb tuaj.

Sable, ermine thiab qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm mustelids muaj nyob thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Qee zaum muaj lynx. Ntawm ntug dej ntawm roob hav, hma nyob hauv tsev neeg ntawm 3-5 tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov high- altitude cheeb tsam muaj ib tug xim av dais. Feem ntau, cov fauna ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Tukuringra ridge yog taiga nkaus xwb.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tshua muaj

Kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov tshwj tseg yog txhawm rau khaws cia ntau li ntau tau yam tsis tshua muaj tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag, uas muaj ntau heev.

Yog tias peb tham txog cov paj, ces Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation suav nrog, piv txwv li, poj niam khau khiab (qhov tseeb thiab loj-paj), nplooj tsis muaj lub puab tsaig, obovate peony, calypso bulbous, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov noog yog cov saum toj no-hais Siberian Grouse, nrog rau Lesser Swan, Kloktun, Mandarin Duck, Eagle Owl, Gyrfalcon, Dub Stork thiab lwm yam.

Los ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ib tus tsiaj nyeg uas thaj av Amur thiab Far East feem ntau muaj npe nrov. Qhov no yog Amur tsov. Lwm yam tsiaj muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm no yog tus solonggoy.

excurion mus rau lub reserve
excurion mus rau lub reserve

Tourism

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias Zeya Reserve muaj ntau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog thaj chaw tiv thaiv, thiab cov neeg nyob ntawm no yuav tsum txwv. Tab sis rau cov neeg muaj hmoo txaus kom tau txais ntawm no, kev mus ncig ua si mus rau qhov chaw cia yuav ua rau muaj kev txaus siab heev.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm xwm, qhib rau xyoo 1991, tsim nyog rau cov neeg taug kev. Koj tuaj yeem xaj ib hnub taug kev lossis taug kev hauv dej nrog kev mus xyuas loaches.

Cov loaches hu ua qhov nruab nrab ntawm Tukuringra ridge, npog nrog roob tundra hav zoov thiab elfin cedar. Los ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm lub roob no, pom kev zoo nkauj ntawm Zeya reservoir, cov tiaj tiaj zoo nkauj thiab Stanovoy Range qhib. Nyob rau hauv huab cua ntshiab, thaj chaw zoo kawg nkaus pom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 150 kilometers.

Huab cua huv roob, hav zoov pristine, lub sijhawm los ntsib cov tsiaj qus ntawm koj txoj kev, nrog rau saib cov duab zoo nkauj ua rau Zeya Reserve txaus nyiam heev rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tab tom nrhiav kev xav muaj zog thiab ntev rau kev zoo nkauj.

Pom zoo: