Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, tsis deb ntawm lub nroog Miass, yog Ilmensky State Reserve. Cov chaw no tau ntev tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1920, V. I. Lenin tau tshaj tawm tsab cai raws li lub roob Ilmensky tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Qhov no yog kev tshawb fawb, ib puag ncig lub xeev lub koom haum, uas niaj hnub no muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub koom haum uas yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, nws ceg Ural. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cia lub ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv nws thawj lub xeev, ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm ecological thiab biological profile, geological thiab mineralogical, natural science thiab ib puag ncig kev kawm ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw khaws cia tab tom ua haujlwm kev kawm los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Ilmensky reserve - museum
Lub tsev haujlwm no yog ib qho ntawm tsib lub tsev khaws khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm hom no hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv nws exposition, nws muaj ib tug loj tshaj plaws biological dioramas nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ib tug scientificIlmensky ceg ntawm lub zej zog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ecological camps yog tsim rau cov menyuam yaus, cov rooj sib tham tau tuav. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Moscow, Kazan, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk tau kawm hauv cov chaw no.
History of the Museum
Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas Ilmens hu ua "mineralogical paradise". Cov roob no nplua nuj nyob hauv ntau pob zeb. Thawj qhov kev sau ntawm cov zaub mov tau pib tsim los ntawm thawj tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw cia D. I. Rudenko.
Txij li xyoo 1931, qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov zaub mov tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Miass, nrog rau hauv cov rooj sib tham uas tau teeb tsa rau ntawm verandas ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub cia. Kev pab cuam loj heev rau kev tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej tau ua los ntawm geologist AE Fersman, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Mineralogical Museum ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences.
Tsev khaws puav pheej
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov nyiaj khaws cia muaj ntau dua peb caug txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj. Tsawg tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm lawv (9000 cov khoom pov thawj) tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj xya chav ua yeeb yam nthuav dav peb lub tsev.
Muaj peb chav nyob hauv pem teb. Ib qho ntawm lawv nthuav tawm cov ntawv sau thematic uas tau sau rau hauv cov deposits ntawm Urals thiab lwm thaj chaw ntawm Russia - ornamental pob zeb, amethyst thiab pob zeb siv lead ua los ntawm Polar Urals.
Ntau qhov chaw qhia cov qauv ntawm cov meteorites pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb - Imilak, Seimcheon, Lamont, thiab lwm yam. Tseem muaj cov seem ntawm Chelyabinsk meteorite uas poob rau xyoo 2013 tsis deb ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.
Lub tsev thib ob ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav qhiasystematic sau ntawm minerals. Nws nthuav tawm 740 hom. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj txog 4500 hom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no. Ntau tshaj 1500 tus qauv raug muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, raws li kev faib tawm.
Hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib hauv tsev tuaj yeem pom ob lub vases tshwj xeeb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hu ua "Lyra", thiab lub thib ob - "Ural Rhapsody". Ob leeg yog ua los ntawm Ural jasper.
Lub tsev hais lus nyob rau hauv pem teb. Seminars, scientific conferences, lectures, meetings with schoolchildren and students, scientists and just nature lovers are muaj nyob ntawm no. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem saib cov yeeb yaj kiab kev tshawb fawb nrov txog kev khaws cia, mus saib kev kawm nthuav qhia.
Nyob rau hauv cov chaw lom neeg, nyob rau hauv pem teb thib peb, muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws volumetric diorama tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia, qhia txog cov tsiaj ntau haiv neeg thiab toj roob hauv pes complexes uas txawv lub Ilmensky mineralogical cia thiab cov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Southern Urals.
Ntawm lub diorama koj tuaj yeem pom cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Ilmen. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv showcases me me dioramas, cov nroj tsuag thiab fauna ntawm no cia tau nthuav tawm. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom zes, qe, hom nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj, ntau yam lichens thiab ntau hom puav.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb, hauv chav tsev, muaj cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj cov khoom qub uas ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, pob zeb, ceramics, birch bark, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj "tsiaj qus" khw hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom zoo nkauj txawv txawv. Miass, Kusa thiab Chrysostom yog ib qho chaw qub qub uas zoo kawg nkauspob zeb txiav, ntau tus neeg hauv zos tseem ua haujlwm pob zeb, siv cov lus zais ntawm lawv txiv thiab yawg.
Tours
Yog tias koj xav mus rau Ilmensky Reserve los ntawm tsheb, koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv qhia. Los ntawm Chelyabinsk koj yuav tsum tau tsiv mus raws txoj kev loj 5. Thaum mus txog Chebarkul thiab tom qab lub tsheb ciav hlau qhov chaw nres tsheb, koj yuav tsum tau hla txoj kev thiab tig sab laug (ntawm lub diav rawg). Tom qab ntawd txoj kev hla los ntawm cov chaw ua si thiab sanatoriums mus rau lub nroog Miass. Lub chaw khaws cia nyob ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub nroog.
Koj tuaj yeem paub nrog nws ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ib feem ntawm pawg neeg ncig tebchaws. Cov kws tshaj lij uas paub txog yuav qhia koj ntau yam nthuav dav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev cia thiab nws cov haujlwm tam sim no.
Flora thiab fauna
Lub Ilmensky Reserve muaj ntau dua 20 hom tsiaj txhu, tsis tshua muaj nroj tsuag. Txhua tus xav tau kev tiv thaiv. Kev khav theeb ntawm cov chaw no yog cov orchids tsis tshua muaj, cov khau khiab loj loj, nrog rau cov khau khiab me me. Lawv muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.
Ntau yam av, tshwj xeeb microclimate, noo noo tsim hauv qhov chaw sim ntuj no zoo heev rau lub neej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, sawv cev tsis yog thaj tsam hav zoov xwb, tab sis kuj yog steppe.
Cov npe ntawm txhua hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv thaj chaw cia, suav nrog protozoa, worms, mollusks, kab, crustaceans thiab lwm yam invertebrates, suav nrog vertebrates, yuav muaj ntau txhiab yam khoom.
Ilmensky reserve - tsiaj
Ntau tshajcov neeg nyob coob tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw no yog cov elk. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw no muaj ntau ntau ntawm lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg mos lwj - Siberian roe mos lwj. Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub complex, lawv cov hneev taw ntawm no ntau dua li cov hneev taw ntawm hares lossis squirrels.
Preserve Ilmensky kuj tau xaiv los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu - lynx, hma, hma. Tsiaj txhu uas yog ib tsev neeg loj mustelid kuj nyob ntawm no. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog tus badger.
Nqaij yog sawv cev los ntawm hom hav zoov - tus paub zoo nkauj hare thiab squirrel paub zoo rau peb txhua tus. Cov kab txaij thiab cov squirrel ya, ib qho tsis tshua muaj txawm tias nyob hauv cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb nocturnal, nrog rau cov nas thiab cov voles, nyob hauv cov chaw no.
Birds
Lub Ilmensky Reserve yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau yam noog. Muaj ntau cov noog tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw no thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, peb feem pua ntawm cov noog ya mus rau qhov chaw sov. Feem ntau cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob ze ntawm cov dej. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntsib coots, songbirds - warblers, thrush-like and reed buntings.
Lub Ilmensky Reserve tau dhau los ua lub tsev rau qee hom noog uas tau teev tseg hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation. Yog tias koj muaj hmoo, koj tuaj yeem pom Curlew, Greater Spotted Eagle, European Tit, Oystercatcher, Imperial Eagle, Dunlin, Eagle Owl, European Dub-throated Diver.
Cov noog uas nyob rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cia yog nyob hauv hav zoov. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom capercaillie thiab dub grouse.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, ib tug hawk plas, ib tug dawb plas, ib tug crested noog ntawm ib tug grey-xim av xim nrog ib tug kaj daj kab txaij rau ntawmtail - waxwing, bunting. Cov noog ntawm cov noog no feem ntau tuaj yeem pom ntawm txoj kev. Cov qhua caij ntuj no tawm hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab ya mus rau qhov chaw zes mus tas li.
Kab
Kab tias qhov no yog pab pawg neeg muaj sia nyob. 3133 hom tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv cia.
Pisces
Muaj ntau dua peb caug lub pas dej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 7 tsev neeg ntses nyob hauv lawv:
- whitefish;
- carp;
- pike;
- loach;
- perch;
- heads;
- cod.
Lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ciam ciam tso cai nuv ntses hauv pas dej.
