Cov txheej txheem:
- piv txwv keeb kwm
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Republic of the United States
- kev muaj tiag niaj hnub
- Presidential republics
- Parliamentary States
- Lub teb chaws nrog tsoomfwv txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv
- Ntau hom tseemfwv
Video: Federal republics: npe, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50
Ib tsoom fwv teb chaws yog ib lub xeev nrog ib tug complex qauv thiab ob-tier system ntawm tsoom fwv thiab kev cai lij choj ua. Qhov no yog ib lub koom haum ntawm ntau thaj chaw uas muaj kev cai lij choj thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm nom tswv. Ntawd yog, lub xeev-ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom haum tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, tab sis lawv muaj lub hwj chim loj loj hauv txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws. Lwm qhov kos npe yog tias tsis muaj cov koom pheej muaj cai ywj pheej tawm ntawm lub koom haum.
Federative republics muaj tsoom fwv teb chaws. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tub ceev xwm raug xaiv los ntawm ib lub sijhawm lossis tsim los ntawm cov nom tswv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tsoom fwv hauv tsoom fwv thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog kev xaiv tsa ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hwj chim.
piv txwv keeb kwm
Ib txwm, qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog USSR. Lub xeev kav 69 xyoo: los ntawm 1922 txog 1991. Lub teb chaws nyob thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm lub xeev: kwv yees li 1/6 ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tag nrho.
Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, tsis suav nrog Finland, tab sis qee qhov nyobKingdom of Poland thiab ntau lub xeev. Txij li thaum xyoo 1989, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg ntawm tsoomfwv tau pib. Nws tau nrog los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntse thiab kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ob lub hauv paus tseem fwv thiab hauv cheeb tsam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev xaiv tsa tau muaj nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1991 (tsuas yog hauv 9 ntawm 15 lub tebchaws). Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev pov npav, nws tau pom tias 2/3 ntawm cov neeg uas tau pov npav rau kev tuav pov hwm lub koom haum, txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rov ua dua tshiab. Tab sis tom qab lub yim hli ntuj coup, cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tuav lub qub ciam teb. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau kos npe rau ntawm lub demise ntawm lub Soviet Union.
Lub USSR suav nrog 15 lub tebchaws, piv txwv li - Lavxias teb sab Federal Socialist Republic. Cov ntawv luv no tau siv txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ywj pheej los ntawm 1917 txog 1922. Lub npe tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai hauv xyoo 1918. Tom qab ntawd, RSFSR tau los ua ib feem ntawm Soviet Union.
Nyob rau theem ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm USSR, lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Socialist Republic tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1936. Hauv txoj cai lij choj ntawm lub teb chaws nws tus kheej, cov ntawv luv tau tshwm sim ib xyoos tom qab.
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Lub xeev no kuj yog keeb kwm piv txwv ntawm tsoomfwv. Nws nyob tau li ntawm 30 xyoo. Txawm hais tias txoj cai lij choj ntawm Czechoslovak Federation tau txais kev pom zoo tsuas yog hauv xyoo 1969, thaum lub koom haum tau muab tshem tawm thiab kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv tsoomfwv tau tshwm sim. Nws suav nrog tsuas yog 2 lub tebchaws - Czech thiab Slovak. Nyob rau hauv 1993, lub union tau tawg, thiab ob tug tshiab sovereign lub xeev units tshwm sim - lub Czech koom pheej thiabSlovakia.
Republic of the United States
Ib qho ntawm cov "laus tshaj plaws" tseemfwv tebchaws, uas tau ris lub npe nom - Lub Tebchaws ntawm Xya United Lower Lands. Lub union muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev: los ntawm 1581 txog 1795. - 214 xyoo. Lub federation nyob tsis pub tshaj 40 txhiab km2, nrog rau cov pej xeem ntawm 1.8 lab inhabitants. Txawm li cas los xij, nws suav nrog 9 lub xeev:
- Holland.
- Geldern.
- Zealand.
- Friesland.
- Utrecht.
- Overijssel.
- Gronigen.
Thiab kuj yog lub xeev ntawm Drenthe toj roob hauv pes. Nws tseem tsis tau muaj ib tus neeg sawv cev hauv Estates General. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau teev nrog tag nrho lub xeev cov xwm txheej thiab lub cev tsim cai hauv nws cheeb tsam. Nws kuj suav nrog General Lands - thaj chaw uas tsis suav nrog hauv ib lub xeev, lawv tau tswj hwm los ntawm General States.
kev muaj tiag niaj hnub
Hnub no, muaj 23 lub tebchaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Cov koom pheej sawv cev rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm parliamentary, thawj tswj hwm, sib xyaw thiab tsoomfwv cov ntawv.
Presidential republics
Ib yam ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws no yog tus thawj tswj hwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws. Lub hwj chim ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tsoom fwv thiab lub xeev yog concentrated nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv zoo li no los ntawm tsoomfwv ua lub koom pheej dualistic. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev tswj hwm lub hwj chim yog tsom rau hauv tes ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab kev cai lij choj raug muab rauthem rov qab rau parliament.
Daim ntawv teev npe:
| Npe | Ntau tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig tus kheej | kev lag luam |
| Argentina | 23 lub xeev thiab 1 thaj chaw muaj peev xwm tswj hwm |
Ib qho ntawm kaum lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws nrog uranium tso nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv 2014, muaj ib tug technical default nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, txawm hais tias lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev tsis kam lees cov ntaub ntawv no kiag li. PIB per capita in 2015 is $13,425. |
| Brazil | 26 lub xeev thiab 1 cheeb tsam nroog | GDP per capita hauv 2014 - $11,281 |
| Union ntawm Comoros | 4 autonomous Islands tswj los ntawm Fabkis | Tus tib neeg kev loj hlob Performance index nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog tsawg heev - nws nyob qib 169th. GDP ib tus neeg xyoo tas los yog kwv yees li $744 |
| Mexico | Composed of 31 states and 1 federal district | Lub teb chaws tus tib neeg kev loj hlob Performance index yog siab heev - 0.775 thiab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 61st qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no |
| Federated States of Micronesia | 4 xeev | Cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws muaj txog 105 txhiab tus neeg. Lub xeev yog inextricably txuas nrog lub tebchaws United States thiab muaj ib tug siab ntawm emigration ntawm no: txog 0.28% |
| Nigeria | 36 xeev thiab 1 peev | Ib lub tebchaws txom nyem nrog GDP ib tus neeg hauv 2016 ntawm $ 2,640 |
| South Sudan | 10 lub xeev thiab qee thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb | Ranked 181st raws li kev ua neej nyob, nrog HDI ntawm 0.418 |
| USA | 50 xeev | GDP hauv 2016 rau 1 tus neeg - $57,220 |
| Bolivarian koom pheej ntawm Venezuela | 23 xeev | Nyob rau xyoo 2017, kwv yees li 93% ntawm cov pejxeem yws yws ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus hauv lub tebchaws, thiab qhov kev cia siab nce nqi yog 1000% |
| koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Myanmar | 7 xeev thiab 5 thaj chaw tswj hwm tus kheej | 70% ntawm cov pejxeem yog ua haujlwm ua liaj ua teb. Lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm loj heev: los ntawm roj mus rau kub. Lub xeev yog qhov thib ob tom qab Afghanistan hauv kev tsim khoom tsis raug cai thiab xa tawm ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj |
| Somalia | 6 xeev | Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tas li, lub teb chaws tswj hwm kev lag luam ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb - tsiaj txhu thiab kev xa nyiaj |
| Sudan | 18 lub xeev | Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam yog tsiaj txhu thiab roj, tab sis HDI qis heev ntawm 0.479 |
Parliamentary States
Federative republics nrog cov khaub ncaws noboards yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm preponderance ntawm powers mus rau parliament. Tsoom fwv teb chaws yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws ua rau nws, tsis yog rau tus thawj tswj hwm.
Daim ntawv teev npe:
| Npe | Ntau tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig tus kheej | kev lag luam |
| Austria | 9 tsoom fwv xeev | High HDI ntawm 0.881 |
| Bosnia thiab Herzegovina | 2 qhov chaw: Federation of Bosnia, Herzegovina thiab Republika Srpska | Tseeb xam tau tias yog ib lub koom haum - cov tswv cuab muaj cai txiav txim siab nrog lub xeev thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tswv cuab txhua lub sijhawm |
| Ethiopia | suav nrog 9 thaj chaw thiab 2 lub nroog-chav, kev faib tau ua raws li haiv neeg | GDP hauv 2016 yog $159 billion |
| Lub Tebchaws Yelemees | 16 thaj av sib npaug | HDI as of 2015 is 0.926 - 4th place |
| India | 29 xeev, 6 lub tebchaws thaj chaw, 1 lub tebchaws lub nroog | Txawm hais tias keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab qhov tseeb tias lub xeev nyob qib 7 ntawm thaj chaw, GDP ib tus neeg hauv xyoo 2014 yog $ 1,626, uas yog 145th hauv ntiaj teb |
| Iraq | 18 lub xeev | teb chaws Agrarian, uas hais txog kev ua neej nyobyog nyob rau hauv 121st qhov chaw |
| Nepal | 5 cheeb tsam | Txoj kev ua neej nyob nruab nrab. Lub teb chaws muaj ntau qhov chaw tiv thaiv thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws |
| Pakistan | 4 Lub Xeev, 2 Kashmir Thaj Chaw, 1 Pawg Neeg Thaj Tsam, 1 Thaj Chaw Peev | Kev lag luam ruaj khov txij li xyoo 2000 |
Lub teb chaws nrog tsoomfwv txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv
Ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no, tsuas yog 1 lub tebchaws yog Switzerland. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub xeev nyob tsuas yog 132nd qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib ncig, tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nyob ntawm no yog heev siab. HDI xyoo 2015 mus txog qib 0.917. Muaj 20 cantons thiab 6 semi-cantons hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cheeb tsam, cov zej zog thiab cov nroog.
Ntau hom tseemfwv
daim ntawv teev npe no yog sawv cev los ntawm ob lub tebchaws:
- Russian Federative Republic.
- Republic of Madagascar.
Daim ntawv ntawm tsoomfwv suav nrog kev ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub zog ntawm tsoomfwv thiab tus thawj tswj hwm.
Pom zoo:
Tus txiv neej lub npe zoo tshaj plaws: lub ntsiab lus, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, talismans, lub npe hnub, lub zog ntawm lub npe ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug neeg
Yuav ua li cas tus tub? Lo lus nug no yog nug los ntawm ib tug poj niam uas tab tom tos txog kev yug me nyuam, txij li 5-6 lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub. Tus niam tsev xav xaiv tus txiv neej lub npe zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav nrog nws tus tub tos ntev rau nws lub neej
Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej: hnub thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, nthuav qhov tseeb thiab keeb kwm xwm txheej, pom, nuances ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Forbidden City - lub npe ntawm lub palace ntawm Suav huab tais ntawm Ming thiab Qing dynasties. Tam sim no, tsuas yog cov marble ntawm cov slabs nco txog qhov kov ntawm cov kauj ruam ruaj khov ntawm cov huab tais thiab lub teeb kov ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov poj niam - tam sim no qhov no yog Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Suav teb, thiab leej twg tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm no yam tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. thiab noj qab haus huv. Koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm los raus koj tus kheej hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov lus qhia txog kev xav thiab kev ntseeg thaum ub thiab, kov cov lus zais uas khov rau hauv pob zeb, hnov cov lus ntxhi rov qab los ntawm ntau pua xyoo
Npe ntawm lub nroog los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tsim: npe, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb
Kab lus no yog hais txog cov npe thaj chaw nthuav dav ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Ntawm no yog cov npe ntawm cov nroog los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tsim, qhov tseeb renaming, lub keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm ib co toponyms
Keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Uvarov: keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lus
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe tam sim no muaj ntau heev. Qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis tus cwj pwm zoo, lwm tus los ntawm hom kev ua si lossis qhov chaw nyob. Koj ib txwm xav paub keeb kwm ntawm koj lub xeem - leej twg yog koj cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas nws lub xeem koj tam sim no dais. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub xeem Uvarov, nws lub ntsiab lus, etymology, uas hnav nws los ntawm cov neeg nto moo
Cov neeg ntaus pob zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - cov npe, keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav
Kev ua kis las thiab poj niam kev zoo nkauj - thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, cov khoom no tsis sib xws kiag li. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd kiag li! Cov lus dab neeg no yuav yooj yim debunk peb cov npe ntawm cov ntaus pob zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
