Cov chaw tiv thaiv ntuj raug kawm hauv tsev kawm ua ib feem ntawm kev qhuab qhia "Natural Science". Kandalaksha Nature Reserve tsis muaj qhov zam. Nws yog kis mus rau thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj li tsib caug-yim txhiab hectares nyob rau hauv lub Murmansk cheeb tsam thiab suav hais tias yog ib tug cia rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau waterfowl. Feem ntau nws yog thaj chaw dej ntawm lub hiav txwv Barents. Txog cov noog uas nyob hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam no, lawv sau tsis yog hauv cov ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv nkaus xwb. Tus kws sau ntawv nto moo V. Bianchi tau tshuaj xyuas cov nroj tsuag hauv zos thiab fauna kom meej.
History of Appearance
Zoo li ntau lwm qhov chaw khaws cia thiab chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Russia, Kandalaksha tau tsim los khaws qee hom tsiaj thiab noog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib tug ntau eider, uas yog nto moo rau nws down thiab muaj nuj nqis heev txawv teb chaws. Xyoo 1932, thaum kev tua cov noog no tsis raug cai, kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws lub zes thiab kev sau cov qe rau kev muag tau mus txog qhov kev puas tsuaj loj, qhov tshwj xeeb no tau tsim. Thaum pib, nws tau suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb uas ornithologists kawm cov noog nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Maj mam, tus nab npawb ntawm cov noog pib nce.
Meaning
Ib pliag tom qab, Kandalaksha Xeevqhov xwm txheej tau pauv mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm pawg neeg cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm thaj chaw tiv thaiv thiab nthuav dav ntawm nws ciam teb rau niaj hnub no.
Tam sim no, nws nyuaj rau overestimate thoob ntiaj teb qhov tseem ceeb uas Kandalaksha Reserve, nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm lub bay ntawm tib lub npe, muaj rau kev khaws cia cov chaw nyob rau waterfowl.
Geographic conditions
Qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntuj no nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Barents Hiav Txwv thiab hauv me me ntawm Bely. Tsis muaj hnub nyob hauv Kandalaksha mus txog yim hnub ua ke, nyob rau ntawm xya Islands tuaj uas nyob ib sab - txog plaub caug. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias thaum hmo ntuj polar, wintering diurnal tsiaj yog muab nrog ib txwm muaj.
Kandalaksha Nature Reserve yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw huab cua tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Murmansk tam sim no. Lub peculiarity ntawm tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam dej no yog muaj zog kub hloov, yog li ntse txias thiab sov so yog pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov caij.
Txhob Cia Siab
Cov qauv geological ntawm cheeb tsam, uas npog lub Xeev Kandalaksha Reserve, yog nthuav nrog cov pob zeb zoo khaws cia uas muaj ntau tshaj li peb txhiab xyoo. Cov av tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm rov qab glaciations. Zoo nkauj kawg yog cov ntug dej hiav txwv puas tsuaj los ntawm nthwv dej, nrog rau cov ramparts tsim los ntawm pebbles thiab pob zeb dov los ntawm hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Kandalaksha Nature Reserve muaj peb caug-tsib geologicalcov khoom nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm ntuj monuments.
Nws suav nrog yuav luag plaub thiab ib nrab puas Islands tuaj ntawm cov duab sib txawv thiab cov qauv, ntau hom nroj tsuag - los ntawm cov pob zeb raug rau thaj tsam hav zoov. Muaj ob peb kwj dej thiab pas dej nyob hauv lub chaw cia. Tag nrho cov no yog me me heev. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - Bolshoe Kumyazhye thiab Serkinskoye - ncav cuag qhov tob ntawm kaum meters.
Flora
Kandalaksha Reserve hauv nws cov zaub npog muaj ntau tshaj li rau puas thiab peb caug hom. Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb thiab cov Islands tuaj, ntoo thuv thiab spruce forests predominate. Muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag zoo ib yam ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej - sedge, cereals thiab Asteraceae.
Cov bogs ntawm lub cia yog faib ua sedge, shrub los yog paj rwb - nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag prevailing rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev dej tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv loj hom nyom. Txawm cov reeds loj hlob raws ntug ntug dej yeej tsis tsim thickets.
Nyob rau thaj chaw uas hiav txwv gulls thiab herring gulls sau, cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau haiv neeg, vim cov av nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog fertilized zoo. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov paj loj, chamomile, saplings, eyebright thiab sorrel, buttercup, thiab lwm yam.
Nyiaj
Kandalaksha Reserve muaj txog ib puas thiab rau caum hom neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zos fauna. Ntawm no, nees nkaum ib yog tsiaj nyeg, ib puas thiab peb caug plaub yog noog, ob tug yog tsiaj reptiles, thiab peb yog amphibians.
Cov tsiaj nyeg xws li lynx, wolverine thiab hma muaj ntau dua ntawm Veliky Island. Txawm li cas los xij, muajlawv tsis nyob mus ib txhis vim thaj chaw me heev rau lawv.
Muaj ob los yog peb tug dais nyob rau thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub Great. Lub chaw cia yog nyob tas li los ntawm hma liab thiab ntoo thuv marten, weasel thiab ermine, nrog rau Asmeskas mink. Lawv cov tsiaj txhu tsis tuaj yeem hu ua ntau: nws nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov nas me.
Tus kab dawb yog cov tsiaj muaj kab mob loj tshaj plaws, nws nyob ntawm tag nrho cov Islands tuaj ntawm thaj chaw. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no txias tshaj plaws, polar bears qee zaum tshwm sim ntawm no. Ntawm cov pas dej uas cov nroj tsuag nplua nuj, muskrat pom, ua luam dej ntawm ib kob mus rau lwm qhov thiab xaiv qhov chaw nyob zoo tshaj plaws.
Ntawm cov tsiaj me, lub txhab nyiaj muaj nyob ntawm no, nrog rau cov lemmings, uas tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv tsuas yog thaum lawv tsiv teb tsaws ntau.
Birds
Caercaillie, dub grouse, hazel grouse thiab partridge nyob ntawm no txhua xyoo puag ncig, nrog rau qee yam ntawm tits, woodpeckers thiab cuckoos. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum migratory noog tshwm, cov hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub reserve tuaj mus rau lub neej. Flocks ntawm noog yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv coasts, nyob rau hauv sparse ntoo thuv thiab spruce forests. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntsib dawb-browed thrush, dub grouse, partridges, predators xws li kestrel, merlin thiab hawk owl. Sandpipers thiab fifi, snipe thiab cov qwj loj nyob hauv cov swamps.
Tshwj xeeb cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv
Thiab txawm hais tias txhua yam kab mob lom neeg nyob hauv Kandalaksha Reserve raug kev txuag, txawm li cas los xij, ntau hom tsis tshua muaj tau sau tseg ntawm no,suav nrog Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia thiab thaj tsam Murmansk. Lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb raws li txoj cai.
Los ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm thaj av Murmansk, kwv yees li plaub caug-ob feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob uas muaj kev puas tsuaj tau sau tseg ntawm no, ntawm tsib yog nceb, peb caug plaub yog lichens, nees nkaum liverworts, thiab tib tus lej ntawm nplooj moss. Ntawm cov tsiaj vertebrate, rau hom ntses, ob tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians, plaub caug-ob tug noog thiab qee cov tsiaj nyeg tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv.
Cov nroj tsuag pom nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Kandalaksha Bay thiab tsis muaj lwm qhov hauv ntiaj teb loj hlob feem ntau hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Ntawm lawv yog cov kob grits, arctic sunflower thiab dawb-ntaus dandelion.
Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tshwj Xeeb
Muaj nees nkaum xya hom ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cia. Rau lub Atlantic grey foob, nrog rau cov crested thiab zoo Atlantic cormorants, lub Kandalaksha Reserve yog lub ntsiab vaj tse thiab chaw yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Russia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov eider (qhov tseeb, qhov chaw tiv thaiv no yog tsim los), golden eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, gyrfalcon thiab Scandinavian dawb-throated thrush zes ntawm no. Ntau hom whales thiab dolphins, nrog rau cov foob pob, polar bears thiab walrus yog suav tias yog tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv marine mammals.
Kev Tshawb Fawb
Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm txij li nwscreation, yog Ameslikas positioned raws li ib tug qhov chaw, los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias, nws yog tsim nyog los khaws cov pej xeem ntawm lub eider. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, thawj qhov kev kawm dav dav ntawm seabirds tau ua tiav ntawm no, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua classic.
Tom qab tsov rog, kev ua haujlwm tau pib maj mam nthuav dav. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kawm txuas ntxiv ntawm ecology ntawm qee cov seabirds, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tau pib piav qhia txog thaj chaw ntawm cov ciam teb, cov nroj tsuag thiab nws cov zej zog hauv hiav txwv littoral.
Txij thaum ntawd los, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov kev soj ntsuam tus qauv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo, hu ua raws li hauv qab no: "Lub sijhawm ntawm xwm nyob rau hauv Kandalaksha Reserve." Nws yog cov ntsiab lus tam sim no ntawm kev saib xyuas kev lom neeg thiab suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txhim kho txhua yam kev lom neeg raws caij nyoog. Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txog lub sijhawm ntawm cov zaub thiab paj, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv ntau yam nroj tsuag, thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis caij nplooj zeeg tsiv teb tsaws, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yug tsiaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv cov lej.
