Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

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Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace
Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

Video: Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

Video: Pavlovsk Palace. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace
Video: Pavlovsk Palace, St Petersburg, Russia 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Txij li xyoo 2005, Pavlovsk tau ua lub nroog me me zoo nkauj hauv Pushkinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg. Nws nyob ze ntawm tus dej Slavyanka, 30 km ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog. Txog xyoo 1796, nws yog lub zos Pavlovskoye, nrhiav tau hauv 1777.

Pavlovsk Palace
Pavlovsk Palace

keeb kwm me ntsis

Xyoo 1777, thaj av hauv hav ntawm Slavyanka River tau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm Pavel Petrovich, Grand Duke Romanov. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam pib hu ua "Pavlovskoye Village". Tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau tsim thiab txhim kho ntau dua 50 xyoo. Tus sau ntawm qhov project ntawm lub tiaj ua si thiab lub palace yog Scot Charles Cameron, uas tau caw mus rau Russia los decorate Tsarskoye Selo. Elegant thiab refined Pavlovsk Palace tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub tsev ntoo. Ntxiv rau Cameron, A. N. Voronikhin, K. I. Rossi, J. Quarnegi, V. F. Brenna tau koom nrog nws qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tsim qauv hauv ntau lub sijhawm. Lub zos Pavlovskoye tau tsim ua lub caij ntuj sov chaw nyob, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1788 Pavel Petrovich txiav txim siab muab nws rau nws tus poj niam, tawm hauv Gatchina Palace rau nws tus kheej.

Ib lub lis piam tom qab Povlauj nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv, nws tus kheej hais kom hloov lub zos Pavlovskoye mus rau hauv ib lub nroog.

Great Pavlovsk Palace

Gatchina Pavlovsk Palace
Gatchina Pavlovsk Palace

Raws li nws qhov loj me, lub tsev no tseem ceeb heev rau ntau thaj chaw ntawm St. Petersburg thiab zoo li lub villa nplua nuj thiab elegant Italian nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Palladio. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub palace yog lub tsev peb-zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj, ntawm ob sab uas muaj cov khoom siv sab nrauv nrog cov duab nkhaus.

Thaum pib, qhov pom ntawm lub tsev txawv ntawm qhov peb pom niaj hnub no. Raws li historians, ib-zaj dab neeg sab galleries tau ntxiv tom qab. Lub ntsiab facade ntawm lub palace yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog yim Corinthian kab. Lub tsev yog crowned nrog ib tug dome nrog feem ntau spaced kab. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Brenna tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub palace, uas tau tswj hwm kom nthuav dav lub palace thiab tsim ntawm sab pavilions thiab qhov chaw. Qhov no tshwm sim ua ntej Povlauj tuaj txog lub zwm txwv.

kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv

Lub Pavlovsk Palace, daim duab uas koj pom hauv tsab xov xwm no, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm nws cov tsos zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj. Hauv pem teb muaj chav nyob, chav pw, chaw ua haujlwm, chav noj mov. Nyob rau hauv pem teb ob muaj chav, tus tsim uas yog sawv cev.

loj pavlovsk palace
loj pavlovsk palace

Ntawm no yog Lub Tsev Kev Thaj Yeeb thiab Lub Tsev Ua Tsov Rog. Rau qee lub sijhawm, War Hall tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Chav Tsev Me Me. Lub Great Throne Hall nyob rau yav qab teb pavilion ntawm Pavlovsk Palace. Qhov chaw tsim kho yog 400 m2. Cov tsev nyob, nrog rau cov tsev hauv ntej, yog ib qho enfilade, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub palace. Lub tsev thib peb tau ua tiav rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

Lub Tsev Italian, nyob hauv qab lub dome, tau suav tias yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Nws lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj yog ib qho khoom kim heev chandelier ua los ntawm bronze thiab ruby iav thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Brenna, Cameron, Voronikhin tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim lub tsev.

Park area

Yog tias koj muaj hmoo txaus los mus rau St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv koj txoj kev mus ncig ua si. Koj yuav tsum pom ntawm koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag tsis yog tsuas yog lub palace zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub tiaj ua si zoo nkauj uas nyob ib puag ncig nws. Nws cheeb tsam yog 600 hectares thiab yog ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm lus Askiv style ntawm lub tsev ua si. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev qhia txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tsis tau kov los ntawm tus txiv neej.

Lub tiaj ua si tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau cov qauv vaj tsev: Aviary, Pavilion ntawm Peb Txoj Kev Zoo, Dairy, Turkish gazebo, Italian ntaiv. Los ntawm nws lub platform sab saud koj tuaj yeem qhuas qhov zoo nkauj panorama ntawm lub hav dej. Ntawm no yog lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Kev Phooj Ywg. Qhov haujlwm no los ntawm Cameron yog lub tuam tsev qub qub uas muaj cov kab Doric uas nyob ib puag ncig nws ib puag ncig txhawb nqa lub dome.

Pavlovsk Palace yees duab
Pavlovsk Palace yees duab

Qhov ntuj ntawm lub tiaj ua si suav nrog Mass Grave, Parade Field, Rose Pavilion. Nyob rau yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub tiaj ua si muaj ib lub tuam tsev me me thiab cozy ancient hu ua "Monument to Niam Txiv". Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1786 los ntawm Grand Empress Maria Feodorovna. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab rau perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus txiv, nws commissioned ib tug mausoleum project nrog ib tug mob siab rau epitaph "Rau tus benefactor-poj niam."

Pavlovsk hauv XIX-XXcenturies

Qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim hauv lub nroog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsarskoye Selo railway, uas txuas nrog St. Qhov kawg chaw nres tsheb yog Pavlovsk. Lub chaw nres tsheb, tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Stackenschneider, tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub caij ntuj sov suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm St. Orchestras ua los ntawm G. Mansfeld, B. Bilse, Strauss Jr. tau ua ntawm no. Cov concerts tau ua los ntawm M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, A. K. Glazunov thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau nkauj thiab ntaus suab paj nruag.

Txog xyoo 1917, Pavlovsk Palace tseem yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov huab tais Lavxias. Xyoo 1918, Pavlovsk Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub nroog twb renamed Slutsk nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub revolutionary V. Slutskaya.

Xyoo 1941, Nazis ntes Pavlovsk, Pavlovsk Palace raug puas tsuaj loj. Kaum tawm txhiab tus ntoo raug txiav, pavilions raug rhuav tshem, lub palace raug hlawv, thiab chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau raug puas tsuaj. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tso lub nroog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1944. Nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau txais nws lub npe keeb kwm. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd, kev kho dua tshiab tau pib, uas txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1971. Nws yog xyoo no uas lub zwm txwv thiab Cavalier Halls tau qhib rau cov qhua.

Duab gallery

St. Peterburg Pavlovsk Palace
St. Peterburg Pavlovsk Palace

Lub tiaj ua si nws tus kheej tau maj mam rov qab los. Kev ua haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev S. V. Popova-Gunich, F. F. Oleinik, I. G. Kaptsyug, Yu. I. Sinitsa, V. B. Mozhaiskaya. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kho dua tshiab tau coj los ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej, nrog rau nws tus thawj coj A. I. Zelenova thiab tus saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej A. M. Kuchumov.

Pavlovsky collectionspalace

Lawv tsim tau txuas nrog kev mus ncig ntawm nws cov tswv hauv Tebchaws Europe. Mus ntsib cov tswv nto moo, lawv tau txais cov duab puab, duab kos duab, cov khoom siv tooj liab, cov plooj (porcelain) thiab cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav tshwj xeeb. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj npe nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, siv thiab kos duab zoo. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev nthuav tawm yog muab rau kev sau cov duab qub, cov qauv ntawm Lavxias thiab Western European kab lis kev cai ntawm xyoo pua 18th.

Cov khoom sau los ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab thaum ntxov 19th yog feem ntau sawv cev hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Cov rooj tog zaum tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm German thiab Fabkis cov kws ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov txaus siab yog cov rooj tog tsim los ntawm A. Voronikhin. Muaj ntau lub tsev ntawm lub palace yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tapestries tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj cov khoom sau tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, cov khoom me me, kos duab, candelabra thiab moos.

Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Palace
Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Palace

Gatchina: Pavlovsk Palace

Tus qauv loj no nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Silver Lake. Nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv 1765 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Catherine II. Nws yog ib qho khoom plig uas tsis tau pom dua hauv nws txoj kev siab dawb siab nyiam rau tus Empress, suav Orlov. Rau nws, tus kws kes duab vajtse Rinaldi ua ib lub tsev uas zoo li lub tsev yos hav zoov nrog cov yees thiab cov kab hauv av. Nws kev tsim kho tau siv sijhawm li 16 xyoo.

Ntawm lub ntsiab nkag muaj cov mlom ntawm Marchiori thiab Morlater "Kev Ncaj Ncees", "Tsov Rog", "Kev Thaj Yeeb", "Caution". Thawj thawj zaug nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm domestic architecture, ib tug natural khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub cladding ntawm lub tsev - lub zos ntuj pob zeb. Lub palace yog ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism, nyob rau hauv covlub sij hawm ntawm qhov tshiab thiab tsis paub.

suav Orlov, tus hlub ntawm khoom kim heev, tsis tau nyiaj ntau heev rau kev npaj ntawm lub palace thiab tsis ntev nws hloov mus rau hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj. Tom qab nws tuag, Catherine tau txhiv nws lub txiaj ntsim los ntawm Orlov cov qub txeeg qub teg thiab nthuav tawm rau nws tus tub Paul tus thawj, yav tom ntej tus huab tais Lavxias teb sab.

Pavlovsk Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej
Pavlovsk Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej

Tus tswv tshiab rov tsim lub Pavlovsk Palace rau nws tus kheej saj. Kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau coj los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Brenn. Tom qab nws ua tiav, lub palace complex pib zoo li ob qho tib si lub zog ruaj khov thiab lub teb chaws villa. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm thaj chaw tau hloov pauv, cov chav tsev thiab chav ua yeeb yam tau loj hlob, cov chav pem hauv ntej tau dhau los ua piv txwv tseeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism ntawm qhov zoo kawg nkaus 18th thiab 19th centuries.

Los ntawm 1801 txog 1828, Pavlovsk Palace tau koom nrog Paul tus poj ntsuam, Empress Maria Feodorovna. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb yog cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Russia: Nicholas thawj, Alexander thib ob, Alexander thib peb, Nicholas thib ob.

Pavlovsk Palace
Pavlovsk Palace

Yim thib ob ntawm lub palace

Cov Nazis hlawv lub palace thaum lawv tawm hauv xyoo 1944, txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau cov neeg kho vaj tse, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov neeg pabcuam pej xeem, Pavlovsk Palace hauv Gatchina tau rov qab sai sai, tab sis lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm tsuas yog muaj rau cov neeg tuaj saib hauv xyoo 1985. Qee qhov chaw ntawm Gatchina Palace tau rov qab los txawm hnub no.

Pom zoo: