Yog tias qhov kev loj hlob txawv txawv tshwm sim ntawm tsob ntoo, nws txhais tau tias cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tau hloov pauv muaj zog.
Ib txheej ntawm tej ntoo yog hu ua cambium. Thiab cov kev loj hlob zoo li no feem ntau loj hlob zoo vim nws. Nws hloov tawm tias kev ncaj ncees ntawm cambium no tau ua txhaum qee yam ntawm ib puag ncig lossis kev puas tsuaj.
Zaj lus no tau mob siab rau qhov tshwm sim nthuav dav. Tom qab nyeem nws, koj tuaj yeem paub tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, lawv hu ua dab tsi, thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi.
Kev loj hlob
Feem ntau, hauv cov nroj tsuag, lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob, uas muaj qhov ua rau ntuj lossis anthropogenic.
Kev loj hlob yog qee zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib npaug yooj yim, thiab tseem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob peb lub cones nyob ib sab. Qhov tom kawg yog vim qhov tseeb tias thaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm ntoo raug ua txhaum rau qee yam, tsob ntoo sim tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm ntau yam kab mob fungal thiab kab, thiab yog li ntawd.loj hlob zoo li ib qho kev kawm uas tsis xav txog.
Loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo: duab, npe, piav qhia dav
Kap (thiab kapokoren) yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo uas muaj zog deformed cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntoo fibers. Rau feem ntau, muaj qhov sib npaug outgrowths ntawm ib ceg lossis pob tw. Lawv puv nrog me me nodules ntawm dormant buds.
Kaps loj hlob, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, vim yog cambium. Qhov no yog ib hom kev tsis xws luag ntawm tsob ntoo pob tw. Tab sis dua li lub kaus mom, kuj tseem muaj lwm hom kev loj hlob: du (spherical) - suvel; irregular shape - tsob ntoo mob cancer.
Ib txhia burls loj hlob hauv av raws li cov hauv paus hniav. Yog li ntawd, lawv pom tsuas yog tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Xws li basal outgrowths ntawm cov ntoo qee zaum sawv cev rau ob peb puag ncig (hauv daim ntawv ntawm cones) bulges, interconnected los ntawm hlua zoo li cov hauv paus hniav. Cov npog ncauj yuav luag ib txwm npog hauv cov tawv ntoo, txawm tias nyob hauv av (ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob).
Qee hom nroj tsuag muaj kev loj hlob loj. Piv txwv li, cov no tuaj yeem ua rau sequoia. Xyoo 1984, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis xav tau loj tau pom hauv Australia ntawm tsob ntoo eucalyptus. Nws ncav cuag li 2 m ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov siab, thiab nws cov duab txawv txawv zoo li lub trombone.
Yam kev loj hlob
Cov kev loj hlob zoo li no muaj nyob ntawm yuav luag txhua hom ntoo, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov ntoo deciduous. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv muaj nyob rau ntawm ntoo qhib, ntoo thuv, birch thiab alder. Hauv daim ntawv, lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv kiag li. Feem ntau muaj kev loj hlobntawm tsob ntoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm nceb.
Cov formations no tau muab faib ua ob pawg (raws li kev npaj ntawm fibers nyob rau hauv lawv): zoo tib yam, nyob rau hauv uas tus qauv zoo li zoo nkauj combed plaub hau - suvel-val; influxes nrog me me, sib npaug thiab intricately nkhaus lace qauv - caps.
Lub pob zeb uas tsim rau ntawm lub cev ntawm tsob ntoo yog hu ua qia, thiab lub basal yog nyob rau hauv paus. Qhov thib ob kuj hu ua kapokornem. Nws muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv hav zoov tshaj qia.
Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, ruaj khov thiab zoo nkauj, thiab yog li muaj txiaj ntsig, suav hais tias yog ceg ntoo (kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg ntoo), uas muaj qhov me me (15 cm inch) thiab cov qauv zoo li rab koob. Thiab feem ntau (tsis tshua muaj ntom thiab muaj txiaj ntsig) yog lub hauv paus cap, qee zaum ncav cuag qhov loj me. Lub qia loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov saum toj no ntau yam.
Tus nqi, feature
Kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Cov ntoo ntawm burls zoo nkauj heev hauv cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no: maple, cherry, pear. Hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, kev loj hlob ntawm walnut yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tau muaj cov piv txwv uas ib co textured mouthguards tau muaj nuj nqis rau lawv qhov hnyav ntawm nyiaj.
Rau qhov feem ntau, kev loj hlob ntawm qhov me me tau pom, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov qauv uas ncav cuag 2 meters hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab hnyav tshaj li ib tuj. Ntxiv mus, nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias kev kawm ntawv yog tag nrho amazing khawv koobqauv.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub birch, kev loj hlob yog pom ntau me dua ntawm tsob ntoo walnut. Nws tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev zoo nkauj ntawm lawv cov qauv, lawv yog heev superior rau tom kawg.
Leej twg yuav xav tias qhov kev loj hlob zoo tib yam ntawm tsob ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li no!
Txoj khoom ntawm burl wood
burl ntoo muaj cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus, muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag:
• Lub ntuj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev txiav, qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv.
• muaj zog heev.
• Tsis txhob hlawv dawb.
• Zoo meej polished.
• Zoo rot-proof.
• Yuav tsis tawg, ntsws lossis o.
Tus nqi nyiaj txiag thiab daim ntawv thov
Kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsis yog tsob ntoo nws tus kheej, tsis yog. Lawv siv los ntawm cov txiv neej hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom. Cov kaus mom yog xav tau kom tau txais cov ntoo txawv txawv nrog kev ntxhib los mos ntawm fibers. Vim muaj ntau yam kev kos duab tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv no tau thov dav thiab siv los ntawm cov kws kos duab, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov sculptors.
Nws muaj ntau yam paub zoo thiab ntau hom burl siv hauv kev tsim cov veneers, cov khoom zoo nkauj sab hauv, board games, duab thav ntawv, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntoo no tsis yooj yim heev. los ua cov txheej txheem vim nws qhov tsis sib xws thiab heterogeneity ntawm fiber ntau cov lus qhia, tab sis nws muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
Kap yog siv dav hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Nyob ntawmNyob rau hauv Vyatka nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib tug pej xeem kos duab crafts tau tsim: craftsmen ua Vyatka burl thawv, rooj sau ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Research results
Raws li kev txheeb cais, muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib tsob ntoo burl rau txhua 3,000 tsob ntoo zoo tib yam tsis muaj kev loj hlob.
Txij li xyoo 1959, vim muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntoo zoo li no, Central Research Institute of Forest Genetics ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences pib kawm txog kev tshawb fawb txog roj ntsha ntawm burls thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tseb thiab loj hlob birch nrog burls. Yog li ntawd, ib tsob ntoo loj heev tau cog rau hauv thaj chaw. Thiab txij li xyoo 1967, kev cog qoob loo ntawm tsob ntoo zoo li no tau pib ua hauv hav zoov ntawm thaj av Kirov.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau cap?
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tsim nyog ua rau tsob ntoo muaj sia nyob hauv hav zoov vim lub kaus mom zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no tsis yooj yim nrhiav - ntawm cov ntoo hauv cov chaw ua si hauv nroog, hauv vaj. Yog lawm, thiab muaj coob tus ntoo raug txiav txhua xyoo, qhov twg tuaj yeem pom.
Thiab tsis tau … Yog tias xav tau ceev, qhov no yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig mus txog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav qeeb.
Kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam ntse lossis txiav nrog saw. Nco ntsoov txiav qhov chaw yuav tsum tau kho nrog hydrogen peroxide thiab npog nrog vaj teb. Koj tuaj yeem lubricate qhov txiav nrog ziab cov roj los yog cov resin tshiab (ib yam tshuaj tua kab mob), txawm tias niaj hnub no nws nyuaj nrhiav.
Thiab rau cov neeg ua teb, cov hauv qab no tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tsim cov ntoo zoo li no ntawm cov ntoo hauv vajdaim ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov nroj tsuag ntau zaus. Yog tias pom muaj kab nrib pleb thiab kev puas tsuaj, nws yuav tsum kho lawv kom txog thaum lub kaus mom loj tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj, nws yog ntshaw kom kho tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo thiab ceg.
Zoo kawg
Muaj ntau qhov kev xav txog kev tsim lub kaus mom. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj rau qhov xaus. Cap yog ib qho kev lom zem, tiv thaiv tshwm sim. Kev tsim tsa ntawm tsob ntoo yog txheej txheem kev tsim los ntawm ntuj tsim.
Thaum muaj ntau qhov kev soj ntsuam tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias cov nroj tsuag no noj qab nyob zoo. Ib tsob ntoo zoo li no muaj zog dua thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav dej nyab thiab thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv kub. Nws tseem ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov cua.
Vim qhov kev txwv ntawm cov ntoo no thiab vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau piav qhia saum toj no, cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lwm tus.
Tus nqi hauv ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam rau burl (veneer thiab cov ntoo tawv) deb tshaj tus nqi ntawm lwm yam khoom ntawm hom no, suav nrog walnut, ntoo qhib, mahogany, elm thiab txhua hom kab txawv.
