Zaj lus no yuav hais txog ib tug noog txawv txawv heev, uas, nrog rau nws tus cwj pwm txawv txawv txawv, txawv ntawm lwm cov noog. Qhov no yog cuckoo paub txog kev tso nws cov qe los yog muab pov rau hauv lub zes ntawm lwm hom noog.
Nws hloov tawm tias nws cov menyuam qaib tau noj los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws kiag li, cov niam txiv "tsoomfwv". Tus cwj pwm no hu ua zes parasitism. Ntxiv mus, txhua tus ntawm cov noog no pov nws cov qe rau hauv lub zes ntawm cov noog uas ib zaug pub rau nws.
Txog lawv cov yam ntxwv, txog qhov twg zes lub cuckoo nteg nws cov qe hauv thiab nws cov qaib yog dab tsi, lawv noj dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem paub los ntawm kev nyeem cov kab lus no. Tab sis ua ntej, cia peb muab qee cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog lawv.
Ntau tus neeg paub tias poj niam cuckoos hloov tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv mus rau lwm tus lub xub pwg nyom, yog hais tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, txwv lawv tus kheej mus nrhiav cov npaj-ua alien zes thiab pov lawv qe rau lawv.
Cuckoo qaib yog dab tsi? Cuckoo. Qhov no yog hais txog nws thiab yuav tham hauv kab lus no.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog cuckoo
Ntau hom cuckoostxawv qhov loj. Feem ntau cov noog uas yog tsev neeg cuckoo hnyav li 100 grams, thiab lub cev ntev tsis ntau tshaj plaub caug centimeters.
Tab sis txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm tus Tsov tus tw ntev, muaj zog paws thiab lub cev nyias. Thiab plumage, raws li txoj cai, tsis txawv ntawm cov xim tshwj xeeb. Thiab kev sib deev dimorphism hauv cov xim yog qhov tsim tsis zoo lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua ke.
Tsis muaj cuckoos nkaus xwb hauv Arctic thiab Antarctic. Tab sis feem ntau, lawv thaj chaw faib khoom yog dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov teb chaws sov. Qee hom uas nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes feem ntau yog migratory, hos tus so yog sedentary.
Kev piav qhia
Ua ntej peb yuav paub tias tus qaib cuckoo yog dab tsi, cia peb piav qhia nws niam nws txiv.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cuckoo me me dua tus nquab. Txiv neej thiab poj niam feem ntau muaj tshauv-ntsuab lub taub hau thiab lub cev sab sauv. Lub hauv qab muaj xim striated ("hawk" hom). Muaj cov poj niam uas muaj xim liab-xim liab ntawm sab sauv ntawm lub cev. Tus Tsov tus tw yog ntev heev - nws ncav cuag 15-19 centimeters, thiab tis loj hlob mus txog 20-30 centimeters. Hauv qhov no, cuckoo zoo li yog ib tug noog loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv davhlau. Nws yog qhov me me, hnyav tsuas yog 120 grams (siab tshaj plaws).
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog dab tsi tus qaib cuckoo yog (saib daim duab hauv qab), saib cov lus hauv qab no.
Cuckoos raug suav hais tias yog cov noog nruab nrab: cov tsiaj me tshaj plaws tsuas yog me ntsis loj dua li cov noog, thiab feem ntauloj-zoo li tus nab. Lawv muaj cov plumage tawv uas haum zoo rau lub cev. Tab sis lub fluff yog qhov tsis muaj zog tsim.
Cov elongated ceg plaub ntawm cov noog no tsim ib hom "cov ris tsho". Cov tis ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg feem ntau ntev thiab ntse (tseem muaj 10 lub hauv paus loj, qhov ntev tshaj plaws yog qhov thib peb).
Tus nteg ntev tail feem ntau muaj 10 tus Tsov tus tw. Cuckoos muaj plaub-toed ob txhais ceg.
Ib tug hluas cuckoo (me nyuam qaib) txawv ntawm nws cov txheeb ze qub hauv cov xim xim av ntawm lub cev, raws li txoj cai, nrog cov kab txaij-liab liab hla. Tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cuckoo muaj lub taub dawb, thaum cov poj niam liab muaj kab txaij tsaus nti raws ntug.
Suab tus txiv neej ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "cuckoo", qee zaum tig mus rau hauv muffled luag. Rau cov poj niam, lub suab nrov "kli-kli-kli" yog yam ntxwv. Feem ntau tus cuckoo hu tsis tshaj kaum zaug ua ke.
About ntau yam
Tus lej ntawm tag nrho cov kev txiav txim ntawm cuckoos yog kwv yees li 150 hom, koom ua ke hauv 39 genera. Lawv muab faib ua 2 suborders: tiag cuckoos, muaj ib tsev neeg ntawm cuckoos, thiab turacos, muaj ib tsev neeg ntawm turacos (los yog txiv tsawb-eaters).
Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg yog cov ntoo thiab ntoo. Lawv lub neej dhau mus nyob rau hauv lub crown ntawm bushes thiab ntoo. Ntawm lawv muaj cov tsiaj ua ib txoj kev ua neej nyob hauv av. Lawv tsa lawv lub zes rau hauv av.
Ntau tus cuckoos yog monogamous. Thaum lub caij yug me nyuam, lawv ua khub, tsim lawv lub zes, incubate lawv qe thiab pub lawv cov me nyuam qaib.
Hais txog 50 hom yog polygamous, uas meej meejzes kab mob kis tau tshwm sim.
Ntau tus neeg nug cov lus nug: "Vim li cas tus cuckoo tso nws cov menyuam qaib?" Nws hloov tawm hais tias qhov no yog ib txwm rau polygamous cuckoos.
Habitats, kev ua neej
Tus cuckoo no zes ntawm thaj av ntawm Askiv mus rau Nyiv thiab Kamchatka, tuav yuav luag tag nrho cov tebchaws Lavxias los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, nyob rau sab Europe ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov noog no mus txog Arctic Circle thiab txawm me ntsis ntxiv. Raws li rau sab qab teb, hauv cheeb tsam no cov cuckoos "hla" ciam teb ntawm lub xeev, mus txog Asia Minor thiab North Africa.
Cov noog nyob hauv tundra thiab hauv ib nrab suab puam, xaiv cov ntoo, hav zoov thiab roob dwarfs. Nws pub rau ntau yam kab (pab tua ntau cov kab ntsig plaub uas lwm cov noog tsis nquag noj). Koj tuaj yeem pom dab tsi tus qaib cuckoo noj hauv qab no.
Zoo kab mob
Lub ntsiab thiab nthuav feature ntawm cuckoo yog nteg qe nyob rau hauv lub zes ntawm noog ntawm lwm hom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tsim thiab kev pub mis tom qab ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv tau hloov mus rau "cov niam txiv saws". Qhov no tshwm sim li cas? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Cuckoos nteg qe hauv lwm tus neeg lub zes. Thiab rau qhov no, tus poj niam nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw, qhov twg nws saib xyuas cov tsev noog uas tsim nyog. Muaj cov cuckoos uas feem ntau siv cov zes ntawm cov wagtails dawb, qee qhov - cov zes ntawm warblers, lwm tus - skates, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cuckoos tau muab faib ua peculiar "cov pab pawg neeg lom neeg",yoog mus rau parasitize qee hom noog me.
Yuav luag txhua tsev neeg zoo li no nyob rau sab hnub tuaj hemisphere, thiab monogamous nyob rau sab hnub poob. Cov qub, raws li koj nco qab, tsis txhob ua khub: tsuas yog ib tug poj niam thiab ob peb tus txiv neej pom nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam, tsawg dua lawv qhov piv yog thim rov qab.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob cab, cov qe me me, lawv loj me ntsis ntawm cov qe ntawm ntau cov noog me, uas lawv niam muab pov rau hauv zes. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab xim, lawv kuj zoo ib yam li cov qe ntawm cov noog los yog txawv me ntsis.
Yuav ua li cas zes ua cuckoos nteg qe nyob rau hauv?
Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ntawm Russia, cov noog no nteg lawv lub qe nyob rau hauv lub zes ntawm ntau lub teb hom: mus rau me me kinglets, wrens, nightingales, swifts, thiab lwm yam. Lawv kuj muab lawv "coj" rau sparrows.
hom cuckoos kuj txawv ntawm cov qe pov. Piv txwv li, ib tug crested ib tug tawm ntau lub qe nyob rau hauv ib lub zes xaiv los ntawm nws, thiab ib tug dog dig ib tug tsuas yog ib tug. Thiab lawv ua nws ntau txoj kev. Qee tus ntawm lawv nteg lawv cov qe ncaj qha rau hauv tus tswv tsev zes, thaum lwm tus pw hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa lawv hauv lawv cov beaks. Nws yog kab mob parasitic uas nteg 10-25 qe hauv ib lub caij.
Ntse
Cuckoo qe sib txawv ntawm hom vim poj niam los ntawm cov kab sib txawv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog txuam nrog qee hom noog, yog li cov qe tau muab tso rau hauv cov xim uas tsim nyog. Muaj lwm qhov nthuav dav. Ib tug me me loj cuckoo thawb lwm tus me nyuam qaib tawm ntawm lub zes, niam txivleej twg tseem yuav pub cov foundling.
Nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw nyob thiab cov noog, cuckoos tuaj yeem sib txawv. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov no feem ntau yog redstarts, wagtails, warblers thiab shrikes. Lawv lub caij yug me nyuam yog txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Xya Hli.
Cuckoo qaib: yees duab, piav qhia
Cuckoos uas nyuam qhuav los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no feem ntau sab nrauv zoo ib yam li cov menyuam qaib ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub zes. Thiab cov suab ntawm parasitic cuckoo chicks feem ntau zoo ib yam li cov suab ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm tus tswv. Tag nrho cov me nyuam qaib cuckoo yug los dig muag thiab liab qab.
Lub embryo, sov los ntawm niam hen uas mob siab rau, loj hlob sai heev. Cov menyuam qaib cuckoo tawm ntawm lub qe tom qab 12 hnub, uas yog, ua ntej tshaj cov menyuam qaib ntawm cov noog me. Nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob, nws overtakes cov me nyuam ntawm cov niam txiv tu siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tam sim tom qab hatching (tom qab 10-12 teev), tus cuckoo muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau pov tseg ntau yam khoom ntawm lub zes uas kov nws nraub qaum (dawb tawv nqaij muaj ntau cov hlab ntsha rhiab heev). Yog tias dheev ib lub qe sov nrog ib tus menyuam qaib uas twb tau txav mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm qhov pom, lub cuckoo, muab tso rau hauv lub sacral so thiab tuav nws nrog nws tis, nkag mus rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub zes kom muab pov rau hauv av. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib yam nrog me me qaib.
Kev coj cwj pwm
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv thawj 3-4 hnub ntawm lub neej, thaum ib tug zoo xws li reflex tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam qaib, ib tug me nyuam qaib cuckoo (tau txais) pov tawm tsuas yog li 10 lub qe ntawm lub zes, los yog yuav luag tag nrho cov me nyuam qaib. cov tswv. Feem ntau, cov niam txiv pub lawv cov menyuam yaus hauv zes, yog li cov menyuam mos uas raug pov tseg tuag.
Tag nrho cov brood ntawm tus tswv noog feem ntau tseem nyob tsis zoo yog tias tus cuckoo pov lub qe rau hauv lub zes nrog ib qho twb incubated clutch, vim nws pib lag tom qab lawv hauv kev loj hlob. Ces nyuaj heev rau niam txiv noj ntau lub qhov ncauj.
Cuckoo hauv zes yog ntsiag to kiag li. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws pib, xav tau zaub mov, squeaking nrov. Thiab tom qab tawm hauv lub zes, nws squeaks, tsim txom nws niam nws txiv.
Daim duab zoo li coj txawv txawv thaum ob tug noog me, piv txwv li, flycatchers lossis warblers, tab tom fussing nyob ze ib tug loj cuckoo nrog ib tug reddish plumage, twb ya. Hauv daim duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom tus menyuam qaib cuckoo zoo li cas, uas tau pub nrog tag nrho nws lub zog los ntawm cov noog ntawm ntau hom.
Cuckoo qhib nws lub qhov ncauj dav kom zoo li nws nqos tau cov noog nrog rau kab ntsig. Feem ntau muaj cov duab zoo li no: ib tug noog zaum ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm cuckoo thiab muab cov zaub mov tso rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj los saum toj, thiab tom qab ntawd rov nrawm dua rau prey.
Cuckoo food
Cov noog no tsuas yog noj tsiaj xwb. Feem ntau cov tsiaj yog sau los ntawm bushes, ntoo, thiab me ntsis tsawg dua los ntawm hauv av. Nws tshwm sim tias lawv ntes cov kab ya saum huab cua, uas lawv lub qhov ncauj dav tau yoog zoo.
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm ntau hom cuckoo yog nyob ntawm ntau yam kab thiab lawv cov larvae. Tsawg dua, lawv noj lwm yam tsis muaj txhav (xws li kab laug sab).
Muaj ntau hom cuckoos (feem ntau yog tropical) uas pub rau noogqe thiab qaib, amphibians, me tsiaj thiab tsiaj reptiles.
Cuckoo qaib noj dab tsi? Loj hlob cuckoos yog txawv los ntawm amazing voracity. Ib rooj plaub yog paub thaum ib tug me nyuam qaib ntawm hom no, pub rau hauv ib lub tawb, noj 39 cov nyom ntsuab loj, 18 lizards, 3 npauj npaim pupae, 5 May beetle larvae, 43 caterpillars, 4 kab laug sab, 50 hmoov worms thiab ntau. ntawm "qe" ib hnub." ants.
Npaj qhov tseeb
• Tus me nyuam qaib yog tus xaiv noj, yog li nws pheej ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias nws tau pub tsis yog los ntawm "cov niam txiv" nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm cov noog.
• Lub cuckoo muaj ntau lub npe zoo sib xws hauv lwm lub tebchaws: Bulgarians hu nws "kukovitsa", lo lus "kuku" muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Romania, cov Germans hu nws "kukukom", Czechs - "kukachka", lub Fabkis tsuas hu nws "kuku", thiab cov Italians - "puppet".
• Cov xim cuckoo yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov noog hawk. Tej zaum qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej, vim tias ua tsaug rau qhov no, cuckoo tuaj yeem yooj yim tsav cov tswv ntawm lub zes.
• Redstarts thiab warblers yog cov neeg saib xyuas ntau tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam mos cuckoo.
Zoo kawg
Txawm hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov noog tau piav qhia, nws suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig. Tib lub sijhawm tsis zoo siab heev yog tias, muab lawv cov qe pov rau hauv lwm tus neeg lub zes thiab ua rau cov tswv cov menyuam qaib tuag rau qhov no, cov cuckoo ua rau muaj kev phom sij, rhuav tshem cov noog uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Muaj qhov chaw zoo nkaujmuaj ntau cuckoos, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog uas nws kuj tshwm sim hais tias warblers tsis yug ib tug me nyuam qaib thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Cov no yog tag nrho cov dag ntawm cuckoo niam thiab cov me nyuam qaib lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lem, no voracious noog thaum lub caij ntuj sov exterminates ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm teeb meem kab ntsig (piv txwv li, plaub hau sawv daws yuav), uas feem ntau tsis kov los ntawm cov noog me. Nrog rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb no, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, cuckoo npog qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm nws cov kab mob cab hauv lub zes ntawm lwm cov noog me.
