keeb kwm monuments ntawm Russia, raws li 2014 cov ntaub ntawv, yog cov npe dav dav ntawm 1007 units, txawv ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Txhua yam khoom ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj ib tug tej yam degree ntawm artistic nqi. Cais keeb kwm monuments ntawm Russia yog suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List. Txog rau tam sim no, muaj 26 yam khoom, ntawm 10 yog nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, 6 tau lees paub tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab lwm 10 yog cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias Federation nrog cov cim qhia txog kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb.
Lub zeem muag ntawm kev lees paub
Neeg-plaub Lavxias teb sab monuments yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv UNESCO sau npe nyob rau hauv 1988 Convention hais txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no Natural thiab Cultural cuab yeej cuab tam. Keeb kwm monuments uas nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov khoom ntawm tshwj xeeb qhov tseem ceeb uas muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm inviolability.
Y
Accounting thiab systematization
Yuav kom nthuav tawm cov kab lis kev cai, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua cov lus piav qhia ntawm keeb kwm monument nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov xwm txheej nrog nws cov tsos. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog lub sijhawm epochal ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub monumentnyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, feem ntau nws muaj kev kawm thiab patriotic tseem ceeb. Kev piav qhia ntawm keeb kwm monument nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum tau, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab siab dua.
Nrov nrov ntawm Lavxias teb sab masterpieces
Muaj ntau phau ntawv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai uas paub txhua tus pej xeem. Cov no yog keeb kwm monuments paub tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Lawv tus nqi yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog cov keeb kwm monuments ntawm Moscow, suav nrog St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, Kremlin, monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub capital ntawm Russia. Lwm cov keeb kwm monuments ntawm Moscow yog nyob ntawm qee qhov deb, tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv lub meej mom. Txhua qhov chaw kab lis kev cai raug tiv thaiv los ntawm tsoomfwv.
Ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai
Keeb kwm monuments ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no yog Eiffel Ntauwd hauv Paris, Reichstag hauv Berlin, Taj Mahal hauv Is Nrias teb, cov pyramids ntawm pharaohs hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab ntau lwm tus. Keeb kwm monuments yeej tsis raug puas ntsoog, tsuas yog rau qhov barbaric neeg ua phem ua phem extremists.
Ib haiv neeg muaj kev vam meej kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam yav dhau los nrog kev hwm, keeb kwm monuments raug tiv thaiv thiab khaws cia hauv qhov xwm txheej. Yuav kom ua tau li no, muaj ntau yam nyiaj txiag pej xeem thiab ntiag tug rau kev khaws cia cov khoom kab lis kev cai.
Outdoor exhibits
Monuments ntawm keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam feem ntau muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Feem ntauqhov yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai yog cov masterpieces ntawm architecture uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm huab cua phem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm monuments ntawm architecture los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Ib txhia ntawm lawv raug tso tseg rau lub siab nyiam, xws li lub ntiaj teb nto moo Colosseum. Lub monument no tau lees paub tias yog cuab yeej cuab tam ntiaj teb feem ntau vim nws cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo.
Architectural masterpieces
Rau qhov feem ntau, keeb kwm kab lis kev cai monuments yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv zoo, raws li lawv yog active exhibits ntawm lub ntiaj teb no exhibition ntawm kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam. Cov khoom no suav nrog Intercession Cathedral hauv Moscow, St. Isaac's Cathedral hauv St. Petersburg, Sergiev Posad pawg ntseeg.
Feem ntau, tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm monuments ntawm Russia yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov qauv tsim. Tsoom fwv saib xyuas tub ceev xwm ua txhua yam los khaws cov txuj ci uas tsim lub teb chaws Golden Fund.
Yam ntawm keeb kwm monuments
Cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm kab lis kev cai tau muab faib ua pawg, suav nrog cov khoom tsis tshua muaj thiab cov txuj ci los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Monuments uas tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm tsim ib pab pawg, txawm tias lawv nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg hauv qab no:
- Architectural monuments (piv txwv li, Kazan Cathedral hauv St. Petersburg).
- Monuments of Glory (Niam teb hauv Volgograd).
- Monuments to historical figures (The Bronze Horseman - equestrian pej thuam ntawm Peter I hauv St. Petersburg).
- Pej thuam li cov duab ntawm cov tib neeg uas tawm mustaug qab hauv keeb kwm (Alexander I, St. Isaac's Square hauv St. Petersburg).
- Thematic monuments (Sevastopol Bay, memorial of the lost ships).
- Natural monumental formations (Krasnoyarsk pillars).
Historic Monument Cities
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia muaj cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov no yog cov nroog uas muaj keeb kwm txawv txawv yav dhau los. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub nroog-monument Yeniseisk, uas tau dhau los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Los ntawm lub kaum peb caug xyoo nws tau muab faib thiab ua ke, nws tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam fur, ces nws tau shaken los ntawm kub maj.
Qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua heroic kuj suav tias yog lub nroog keeb kwm-monuments: Kursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd thiab lwm yam. "Tsis muaj leej twg tsis nco qab, tsis muaj dab tsi tsis nco qab" - lawv cov lus qhia, uas tau dhau mus ntau xyoo lawm.
nto moo Lavxias teb sab monuments
- Lub chaw keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg nrog ntau yam kev cai monuments: lub caij ntuj no Palace (Hermitage), Palace Square, Alexander Column.
- Kazan Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Voronikhin (xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho - 1801 - 1811). Tsim los khaws lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Kazan. Xyoo 1812, cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm hauv lub tsev teev ntuj rau kev ua tsov rog nrog Napoleon. Emperor Paul kuv tau sib yuav hauv lub tuam tsev Kazan Cathedral, thiab lwm yam, ua qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.
- Moscow Kremlin nrog tsev cia puav pheej thiabchurches.
- Red Square, Intercession Cathedral, monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, GUM, Mausoleum, Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej.
- Solovetsky Islands kab lis kev cai nyob hauv Hiav Txwv Dawb, suav nrog UNESCO cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv xyoo 1992.
- Architectural ensemble ntawm lub Kizhi Pogost: Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus Cawm Seej nrog nees nkaum peb tshooj, ib tug masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg ntseeg ntoo architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Intercession nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cim thiab lub tswb pej thuam ua tom qab.
- Lub nroog qub ntawm Novgorod thiab nws ib puag ncig, suav nrog plaub lub tsev teev ntuj: Yuriev, Zverin, Antoniev thiab Znamensky. Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv Hauv Teb Chaws Liab.
- Lub Astrakhan Kremlin yog lub fortification ua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan the Terrible hauv 1558. Ntawm nws thaj chaw muaj: lub Assumption Cathedral (tsib-domed, nrog ib tug arched gallery), St. Cyril's Chapel, lub Prechistensky rooj vag nrog ib tug tswb pej thuam, tus npis sov lub tsev lub tsev teev ntuj, lub koom haum, lub Cathedral ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity, lub architectural complex "Trinity-Sergius Lavra" nyob rau hauv Sergiev Posad.
- Lub chaw keeb kwm ntawm Yaroslavl yog ib txhiab xyoo. Cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb tau tsim tsa thaum lub sij hawm hloov kho hauv nroog Catherine II hauv xyoo 1763. Xyoo 2005, lub nroog tau suav nrog UNESCO World Heritage List.
- Lub nroog qub Pskov. Txij li thaum 1348 nws tau suav hais tias yog lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Pskov. Nyob rau hauv 1510 nws tau txuas mus rau Grand Duchy ntawm Moscow. Tam sim no nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws pilgrimage. Ntawm cov attractionsCov nram qab no sawv cev tshwj xeeb: lub Kremlin, lub Pogankin Chambers, lub Pskov Fortress, lub Cathedral ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity, lub Mirozh Monastery.
- Izmailovo - ib qho chaw ua vaj tse, qub vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv 1812, lub tsev loj tau puas thaum lub sij hawm ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon. Peb caug-yim xyoo tom qab, ib tug tub rog almshouse tau qhib nyob rau hauv Izmailovo, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev tshiab tshwj xeeb tsim rau lub hom phiaj no.
- Vladimir-Suzdal keeb kwm thiab kos duab cia, ib feem ntawm Golden Nplhaib ntawm Russia. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb architectural monuments ntawm 12th-13th centuries, dawb-pob zeb masterpieces, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas tsis tuaj yeem overestimated.
- Tanais yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm archaeology. Nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Don. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub reserve yog hais txog peb txhiab hectares, muaj keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monuments ntawm antiquity, pib los ntawm lub Paleolithic era. Cov kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab lwm yam, qhia txog lub hnub qub ntawm Greek kev vam meej thaum ub.
Ntiaj teb Monuments
- Lake Baikal yog ib qho chaw khaws cia ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb - qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los ntxuav tus kheej.
- Volcanoes ntawm Kamchatka, uas 29 yog nquag. Qee qhov tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm kawg plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua ploj mus, vim muaj cov lava hauv plab. Chav thiab gases ib ntus khiav tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub roob hluav taws, uas txhais tau hais tias nws nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua fumarolic.
- Golden Altai Roob - thaj chaw tshwj xeebib qho kev tsim uas muaj cov pob zeb nce siab ntawm qhov kev zoo nkauj tsis txaus ntseeg, nthuav dav hauv thaj tsam ntawm kaum rau txhiab square kilometers. Lub monument ntuj raug suav nrog UNESCO World Heritage List hauv 1998.
- Lub Curonian Spit yog ib qho av nqaim 98 mais ntev, txuas rau Lithuanian Klaipeda nrog thaj av Kaliningrad thiab sib cais Curonian Lagoon thiab Hiav Txwv B altic.
- Lub Plateau Putorana yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas npog thaj tsam li ob lab square kilometers ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Central Siberian Plateau. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm huab cua ecosystems; hav zoov-tundra muaj nyob ib sab ntawm Arctic suab puam. Muaj ntau lub pas dej, dej ntws, taiga thickets hauv cheeb tsam. Kaum tawm txhiab tus mos lwj mus rau hauv tundra.
- Lena Pillars - lub tiaj ua si ntuj nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Lena. Ib cov pob zeb ntsug, ncab rau ob peb mais, tau tshwm sim los ntawm tectonic upheavals txog 400 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Lena Pillars tau suav nrog UNESCO World Heritage List hauv 2012.
