European Economic Area: tsim, koom thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog EuroAsEC

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

European Economic Area (lossis EEA) tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov 1990s. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hauv Tebchaws Europe tau muab tso rau hauv huab cua thiab lub siab ntawm cov nom tswv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd txij li xyoo 1920. Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb ncua sij hawm qhov tseeb tsim ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tab sis cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke hauv ntau txoj hauv kev tau nce sai sai tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Niaj hnub no, EEA yog ib qho kev sib cais hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis ntau txoj hauv kev qis dua EurAsEC (Eurasian Economic Community).

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub koomhaum kev lag luam

Kev tsim ntawm European Economic Cheeb Tsam yog sib txuas nrog kev tsim ntawm European Union tag nrho. Kev tsim ntawm EU yog raug cai nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj treaty ntawm 1992. Tab sis kev tsim ntawm European Union thiab cheeb tsam kev lag luam tau ua ntej los ntawm ntau lub koom haum sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke,nthuav tawm los ntawm cov nom tswv tseem ceeb, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog nyiaj txiag ntawm lub xyoo pua thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Yog li, rov qab rau thaum xyoo 1920, cov lus "Tebchaws Meskas Tebchaws Europe" tau tshwm sim hauv German xovxwm. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus kws tshawb fawb Austrian tau tawm tswv yim txog kev tsim lub koom haum yias-European, thiab xyoo 1929 ib tus thawj coj ntawm Fabkis tau hu xov tooj rau cov pej xeem thiab lub xeev cov cuab yeej los koom ua ke hauv tsoomfwv European.

Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, ib qho tom qab, cov koom haum tshiab thiab cov koom haum tshwm sim: Kev txav mus rau Tebchaws Europe, European Payment Union thiab Union of Europe, Euratom, European Free Trade Association thiab European Economic Cov zej zog, uas yog cov thawj coj ntawm EEA niaj hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua lub koom haum muaj kev sib txuas me me, tsis muaj leej twg koom nrog txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Nws tuaj yeem tuaj rau qhov kev sib koom ua ke tom qab, tab sis nws tsis zoo tag nrho. Los ntawm xyoo 1960, Tebchaws Europe tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb txoj cai, thiab nyob rau hauv lub voj voog siab tshaj plaws lawv tau pib tsim ib lub koomhaum nyiaj txiag thiab rov txhim kho kev lag luam. Cov nom tswv muaj cov phiaj xwm loj, tab sis txawm tias niaj hnub no EEA tseem tsis yog lub koom haum muaj txiaj ntsig los tswj txhua yam ntawm kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov teb chaws koom.

EEA kev ua ub no thiab koom nrog lub tebchaws

Tam sim no, European Economic Area muaj 28 EU lub teb chaws, nrog rau Norway, Liechtenstein thiab Iceland - peb ntawm plaub (+ Switzerland) cov tswv cuab ntawm Europeancov koom haum kev lag luam dawb. Switzerland tsis yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm EEA raws cai, tab sis lub teb chaws muaj tag nrho cov cai thiab cov luag num ntawm ib tug tswv cuab ntawm European Economic Area. Lub teb chaws koom nrog kuj tau ntxiv los ntawm San Marino, Andorra, Monaco thiab Vatican, uas tsis yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum de jure, tab sis vim muaj kev koom tes nrog Spain, Ltalis thiab Fabkis yog nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm EEA. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg koom tau hloov pauv me ntsis txij li tsim lub koom haum hauv xyoo 1992 thiab pib ua haujlwm tiag tiag hauv xyoo 1994

Yog li European Economic Cheeb Tsam suav nrog:

• EU lub tebchaws: UK, Greece, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Ltalis, Ireland, Spain, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, M alta, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Slovenia, Fabkis, Finland, Croatia, Czech koom pheej, Sweden thiab Estonia;
• peb lub xeev ntawm Kev Lag Luam Dawb: Norway, Liechtenstein thiab Iceland;
• Andorra, Vatican, Monaco thiab San Marino, uas tsuas yog thaj av ib feem ntawm EEA, tsis muaj txoj cai thiab kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov teb chaws koom (nrog rau txoj cai ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cov xeev no ua haujlwm hauv qee lub tebchaws EU).

Lub koom haum cov dej num yog tsom rau kev tsim thiab tswj kev lag luam, uas suav nrog: kev lag luam dawb thiab kev pabcuam, kev txav mus los ntawm nyiaj txiag dawb thiab cov peev txheej (nrog rau kev ua haujlwm). Txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov xeev ntawm European Economic Area tau coj mus rau ib qho kev sib koom ua ke hauv ib puag ncig teeb meem,kev lag luam, txoj cai hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum raug cai thiab cov tib neeg, khaws cov txheeb cais.

EEA thiab Russia, EuroAsEC

Lub Tebchaws Europe Kev Lag Luam yog, rau ntau qhov laj thawj, qhov chaw sib koom ua ke tsawg dua li EurAsEC nrog rau Lub Koom Haum Kev Cai thiab United Koom Haum Koom Tes ntawm CAC (Central Asian States).

Kev ywj pheej ntawm kev lag luam kev koom tes thiab tsim kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm European Economic Area. Russia, nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes nrog Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan thiab Uzbekistan (los ntawm 2006 txog 2008), raws li zoo raws li cov neeg soj ntsuam lub teb chaws, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm sib txawv yog Ukraine, Moldova thiab Armenia, tsim cov kev lis kev cai ciam teb thiab tsim ntau tariffs, nqi thiab txawv teb chaws. economic policy.

EurAsEC lub peev xwm yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb dua li European Economic Area. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nqe lus hais txog cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv ntuj tsim thiab cov pej xeem. Lub zeem muag rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm Eurasian Economic Community thiab Customs Union, nrog rau CAC United Koom Haum Koom Tes, muaj kev cia siab ntau dua li yav tom ntej ntawm European lub koom haum zoo li. European Economic Area yog ib qho kev tsim kaw, thaum EurAsEC yog lub koom haum qhib uas ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm ntau lub xeev (thiab tsis yog qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet xwb).