Russian av yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj thiab tshwj xeeb toj roob hauv pes. Tej zaum lub neej tsis txaus pom lawv tag nrho ntawm kuv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Lub pas dej hav zoov ntawm Valdai Upland tau khaws cia vim qhov tseeb tias Valdai National Park tau teeb tsa ntawm no thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
History
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw no? Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm monuments ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub Novgorod cheeb tsam yog concentrated ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, Slavic pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw archaeological khaws cia hauv thaj chaw no tsuas yog amazing - yim caum-ob yam khoom! Cov no yog cov chaw nyob thiab cov toj roob hauv pes, toj thiab thaj chaw, nrog rau cov chaw qub qub uas rov qab mus rau 7-6 centuries BC.
Yaj thiab chaw ua si kos duab yog sawv cev los ntawm cuaj monuments - qub vaj tse nrog cov chaw ua si. Tsis tas li ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom 22 qhov tshwj xeeb monuments ntawm ntoo architecture ntawm 17th-19th centuries. Tus kws kes duab vajtse zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th N. A. Lvov tsim lub Koom Txoos Catherine hauv cheeb tsam no. Niaj hnub no nws nyob hauv Valdai Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm. Txij li thaum xyoo 1653, Selvitsky Island ntawm Valdai Lake tau yog qhov chaw ntawm Iversky Bogoroditsky Svyatoozersky Monastery.
Nco ntsoov Valdai National Park thiab cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm. Tsis deb ntawm Yazhelbits yog Ignach Cross. Nws nyob ntawm no tias Batu tig nws pab tub rog ua ntej mus txog Novgorod.
thaj chaw thiab piav qhia
Lub tiaj ua si nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Demyansky, Okulovsky thiab Valdai koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Novgorod. Thaj chaw uas nws nyob yog ntau tshaj li ib thiab ib nrab txhiab square kilometers (ntau precisely, 1585).
Valdai National Park yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm biosphere thiab ecological tseem ceeb. Lub pas dej-ntoo toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov dej loj ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, uas tau tsim los ntawm continental glaciation, raug tiv thaiv ua tsaug rau nws. Lub glacial hilly-moraine nyem yog nthuav tawm ntawm no nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob. Lub struts zoo li hilly, thiab tag nrho vim yog qhov tseeb tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Ua tiav daim duab ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig, uas tsuas yog txhim kho cov nyhuv.
Valdai Upland yog ib feem ntawm thaj tsam ntev lacustrine-hilly - lakeside. Tag nrho cov nta no tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim cov khoom xws li Valdai National Park. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm nws yuav ua tsis tiav, yog tias tsis nco qab tias nws khiav zoo li ib txoj hlua ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub roob, ncab rau 100 km ntawm nws sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws suav nrog cov pas dej loj, ntes sab qaum teb ntawm Seliger, nrog rau yuav luag 200 lub pas dej me me. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Lake Valdai, ntawm cov kob uas twb tau hais lawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob, nrog rau Velye thiab Borovno (lawv khav theeb zoo nkauj ntug dej hiav txwv thiab loj heev).
Thaj chaw tshwj xeeb occupies yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Valdai Park. Nws nyob ntawm no, ntawm tus dej Polomet, uas cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem channel tau ua tiav. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig sawv cev ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias rau kev txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm ecology thiab hydrological science.
Flora
Valdai National Park muaj ntau hom tsiaj. Nws thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug hu ua thaj chaw kev txuag biodiversity ntawm Eastern Europe. Cov nroj tsuag siab dua tau sawv cev ntawm no hauv 750 hom. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, muaj tsawg hom ntawm no - thiab muaj 79 ntawm lawv! Ntawm lawv, qee cov orchids sawv tawm, nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov pas dej glacial. Kaum ib hom nroj tsuag muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Ib thiab ib nrab txhiab hectares muab rau hayfields. Cov nroj tsuag npog yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam hav zoov: spruce, ntoo thuv thiab birch. Northern Oak forests nrog tshauv, hazel, forbs kuj pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov hav zoov npog 86 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Nws tau sau tseg tias 57 hom ntoo ntoo yog sawv cev rau hauv lawv, ntawm 15 hom yog cog, thiab 42 yog qus.
fauna
Valdai National Park (Russia) tau dhau los ua chaw nyob rau 45 hom ntses, 180 hom noog thiab 50 hom tsiaj. Ntawm cov noog hais, 32 hom yog migratory, tus so zes nyob ntawd. Muaj ntau ntawm lawvtsawg lossis tsawg:
- iab;
- loj merganser;
- Curlew;
- grey crane;
- tus nyuj.
Ntxiv rau, Phau Ntawv Liab Lavxias suav nrog cov dav dawb hau daj, dav-toed-toed dav dawb hau, dav dawb hau plas, dub stork thiab lwm yam.
YYog peb tham txog cov vertebrates, ces lawv yog raws li dais, badger, marten, hma, lynx, wild boar, elk, white hare, as well as tsiaj uas siv ib feem ntawm lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv dej: otter, dej beaver, dej nas, mink. Muaj ntau ntau hom ducks ntawm no. Hma nyob thoob plaws hauv Valdai Park. Reservoirs yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov ntses: crucian carp, vendace, pike, burbot, bream, pike perch, perch, roach, ruff, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 40 hom ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv dej nyob ntawm no, suav nrog cov tsis tshua muaj: brook trout, brook lamprey, common sculpin thiab European greyling.
Climate
Thaj chaw uas Valdai National Park nyob yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua huab cua. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ntau haiv neeg thiab tsiaj txhu.
Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm lub hli txias tshaj plaws yog -10 degrees Celsius, sov tshaj - +16. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo yog +3 degrees Celsius. Daus npog thaj tsam ntawm Valdai Park rau 140 hnub, qhov siab ntawm nws daim npog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 cm. Lub caij ntuj sov tsis pub dhau 128 hnub.
Valdaisky National Park yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm huab cua hloov pauv sai. Hauv Valdai(Russia) sab qab teb, sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob cua feem ntau pom.
Tourism
Kev mus rau lub tiaj ua si yog yooj yim heev los ntawm cov nroog loj hauv Lavxias - St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Tias yog vim li cas nws tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib tshaj plaws. National Valdai Park yog qhov chaw rau cov neeg tuaj ncig ua si sib sau ua ke, cov menyuam yaus cov chaw pw hav zoov, thiab lwm yam.
Zoo kawg nkaus yog tsim rau cov neeg so. Ntau lub tsev qhua yeej ib txwm tos lawv. Txhua ntawm 80 qhov chaw ncig tebchaws yuav tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nyob ntawm plaub mus rau ib puas tus neeg. Rau kev yooj yim ntawm cov neeg so haujlwm - tsawg kawg ntawm cov rooj tog hauv hav zoov, uas suav nrog cov ntxhuav thiab awnings. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov khib nyiab pov tseg, chav dej thiab qhov chaw rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Ntawm txhua qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev nrog chaw nyob thiab cov cai ntawm kev coj ua hauv lub tiaj ua si.
