Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Nws ua rau tej qhov txhab uas yuav kho tau ntev heev. Tab sis nws yog nws uas tau muab tib neeg ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshiab technologies thiab mechanisms uas tau siv rau niaj hnub no. Tau kawg, cov lus no muaj tseeb tshaj plaws hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog riam phom. Qee cov qauv uas tau siv ntau rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav txoj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab yuav tsis tso lawv txoj haujlwm.
Nov yog German carbine Mauser 98K. Tsis zoo li kev ntseeg nrov, nws yog nws, thiab tsis yog txhua qhov "canonical" MP-38/40 submachine rab phom, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog "daim npav hu" tiag tiag ntawm ib tus tub rog Wehrmacht zoo tib yam. Kev tsim cov riam phom no tau ua tiav zoo tias nws yog rab phom German tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Txawm niaj hnub no, kev yos hav zoov carbines yog tsim los ntawm Mausers qub nyob txhua qhov chaw, thiab niaj hnub replicas kuj tsim. Nyeem txog keeb kwm ntawm riam phom no thiab nws cov yam ntxwv hauv kab lus no.
Introduction
Lub Mauser 98K carbine (Kurz - luv) tau txais los ntawm Wehrmachthauv 1935. Nws yog lwm qhov kev hloov kho ntawm "kev coj noj coj ua" Gewehr 98 phom, cov poj koob yawm txwv uas, Gewehr 71, tau tsim los ntawm Mauser cov kwv tij rov qab rau xyoo 1871! Lub caliber ntawm hom riam phom no tsis tau hloov, tus nqi ntawm 7.92 hli. Raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Gever 98, 7, 92 × 57 mm cartridge tau siv.
Qhov txawv ntawm rab phom
Cov carbine muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no uas paub qhov txawv ntawm rab phom ntev: lub thoob yog 60 cm ntev (rau Gewehr - 74 cm), lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog khoov, thiab hauv Tshuag muaj qhov tshwj xeeb recess rau nws. kov. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (thawj zaug) yog tias lub taub hau pem hauv ntej yog ib chav tsev nrog lub nplhaib Tshuag, thiab yog li ntawd txoj siv tau txuas "hauv txoj kev cavalry" (ntxiv rau qhov hauv qab no).
Tsis muaj qhov tig rov qab txhua qhov: hloov pauv, ib lub qhov muab tso rau hauv lub pob tw, tiv thaiv los ntawm hnav los ntawm cov hlau edging. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig "trick" ntawm qhov riam phom no yog tias cov clip uas ploj lawm tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm manually, txij li tom qab tshem tawm cov ntawv xov xwm (thaum them nyiaj), nws tsuas yog poob los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab cov cartridges khiav tawm, lub kaw lus tseem nyob hauv qhov qhib. Ua ke nrog kev tsim kho tshiab dhau los, qhov xwm txheej no ua rau rov qab ua kom yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 14.5 lab tus qauv raug tso tawm.
Tech note
Thawj zaug, tsab ntawv "K" hauv lub npe txhais tau tias, es, cov tub rog uas muaj riam phom. "luv" nws nyob deb ntawm tam sim ntawd. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov tub rog German, "carbines" rau lub sij hawm ntev tau txiav txim siab hloov kho ntawm cov pa phom ntev, qhov tseem ceeb.qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis yog qhov ntev, tab sis txoj kev fastening riam phom siv, uas yog ntau haum rau cavalrymen! Tsuas yog tom qab hauv lus German ua lo lus no tau txais nws lub ntsiab lus thoob ntiaj teb.
Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, "Mauser 98K" yog hu ua "ib rab phom hnyav." Lub shutter kaw thaum tig 90 degrees, muaj peb lugs. Lub loading kov yog txuas rau nws los ntawm sab nraum qab. Raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, nws yog khoov. Qhov no muab ob peb qhov zoo ib zaug:
- Thawj zaug, rov rub riam phom tau yooj yim dua.
- Thib ob, tus kov, muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov ntawm lub txaj, yog qhov yooj yim dua hauv daim teb dua li "siv" lo rau sab.
- Thaum kawg, ib qho "Mauser 98K" tuaj yeem tso qhov pom kev pom tam sim yam tsis tau rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov carbine (raws li cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus qub Gewehr thiab Mosin phom ntev).
Txhua yam no, ua ke nrog qhov me me ntawm riam phom, ua rau 98K "ntaus" tiag tiag tsis yog hauv cov tub rog German xwb. Cov phom raug ntes tsis tau saib tsis taus siv tsis yog Soviet, lossis Askiv, lossis cov tub rog Yugoslav. Lub caliber muaj zog ntawm riam phom kuj txaus siab rau, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua tau deb thiab raug ntau dua.
Technical nta ntawm pawg ntsia liaj qhov rooj
Muaj ob peb qhov ntawm lub qhov rooj nws tus kheej. Los ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm hmoov gases los ntawm lub tes tsho thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj, lub tom kawg yog retracted rov qab mus rau hauv lub magazine kab noj hniav. Lwm feature yog lub ejector loj heev. Nws ua ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb: ua ntej, nws tom nyuaj rau ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm flange ntawm German-style cartridge, raws li txoj kevtuav nws ntawm daim iav kaw.
Qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, vim tias ua tsaug rau nws (thaum siv cov mos txwv ib txwm), Mausers xyaum tsis muaj rooj plaub thaum cov ntaub ntawv cartridge tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm lub chamber. "Peb Kab" tsis yog rosy nrog qhov no. Feem ntau, riam phom ntawm Wehrmacht yuav luag ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Nyob ntawm lub bolt xauv muaj lub ejector lub luag hauj lwm rau ejecting siv cartridges. Lub latch no nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub receiver thiab ruaj ntseg tuav lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws. Txhawm rau tshem tawm nws rau kev kuaj pom lossis hloov pauv, koj yuav tsum xub tso lub fuse rau hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd, rub lub hauv ntej ntawm lub latch ntawm koj, rub tawm lub shutter.
Khoom Paub meej
Ob kab khw, lub thawv hom. Nyob rau hauv lub receiver. Nws yog lub khw Mauser uas txawv ntawm ntau cov phom ntev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, vim nws tsis protrude tshaj qhov txwv ntawm rab phom / carbine nws tus kheej. Cov neeg tua phom German tau ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev siv ob yam rau lawv qhov kom zoo dua: ua ntej, cov cartridge siv los ntawm Reichswehr thiab Wehrmacht tsis muaj lub suab nrov, thaum tib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cartridges 7, 62x54R ua rau cov ntshav ntau rau cov neeg tua phom hauv tsev. Vim li no, cov mos txwv yuav raug nias kom ze rau ib leeg. Kev siv lub tswv yim "chess" ua rau Mauser khw muag khoom raws li qhov ua tau.
Koj tuaj yeem nruab qhov riam phom ntawm Wehrmacht ua cov ntawv npaj ua tiav rau tsibcartridges, thiab tus kheej. Txhawm rau thauj cov ntawv xov xwm nrog ib qho clip, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb tsim grooves hauv lub receiver, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem tawm cov cartridges siv tus ntiv tes xoo. Tom qab lub kaw lus kaw lawm, qhov clip tau txiav tawm ntawm qhov grooves (los ntawm qhov peb tham saum toj no).
Yog hais tias riam phom yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, koj yuav tsum siv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, rub nws ntau zaus raws li muaj cov cartridges nyob rau hauv carbine. Nyob rau hauv lub trigger guard muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-txhawb latch uas muab kev nkag mus rau lub magazine kab noj hniav, yog hais tias tsim nyog, tu los yog technologies tu.
Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom ntim rau hauv lub chamber, vim qhov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov hniav ejector, uas tsis tuaj yeem kho hauv thaj teb. Feem ntau, German Mauser phom loj tau ntseeg tau zoo heev, tab sis nws kuj muaj qhov tsis muaj zog zoo sib xws (Mosinka muaj pob taws Achilles ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj).
USM (trigger mechanism)
USM yam yooj yim ntaus ntaus. Tus kab mob stroke yog ntev heev thiab du, yog li ntawd qhov riam phom no tau hlub heev los ntawm snipers. Tus ntaus nruas nce mus rau qhov sib ntaus sib tua platoon thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tig. Nws lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog nyob rau hauv lub shutter. Rau nws qhov pom kev hauv cheeb tsam, tsis tas yuav ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, vim qhov nthuav dav no yooj yim pom los ntawm shank protruding rov qab.
Hauv qab ntawm lub fuse muaj ib hom fuse. Nws muaj peb txoj haujlwm ua tau:
- Khoov rau sab xis - txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua, hluav taws.
- Txoj haujlwm ntsug - blowback, fuse nquag.
- Cov mus rau sab laug - kev nyab xeeb yog nyob rau thaum lub kaw lus kaw.
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau muaj cov lus hais tias lub fuse ntawm Mauser yog qhov yooj yim dua li cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws ntawm peb tus kav. Cov kws sau ntawv sib cav txog lawv lub tswv yim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nrog rau txoj hauj lwm ntsug ntawm nws cov nplooj, liam tias, cov tub rog tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem tua los ntawm rab phom los yog tsis. Tab sis ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau saib dua ntawm qhov kev piav qhia ntawm nws cov kev cai: nrog lub fuse tig rau hauv nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm, tsis yog ib tug ib txwm infantryman yuav taug kev, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws muaj peev xwm tsuas poob lub shutter. Kev lom zem txav hauv kev sib ntaus!
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum lees paub tias kev tswj hwm ntawm lub fuse ntawm K98 yog qhov yooj yim dua: nws hloov txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua, nws yooj yim dua los tuav nws nrog hnab looj tes. Yog li no rab phom German no muaj ntau dua ergonomic dua li cov caj npab me me thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
About sights
Mechanics tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm txhua yam zoo nkauj: pom pem hauv ntej thiab pom tom qab. Qhov pom yuav raug kho los ntawm 100 mus rau 1000 meters. Qhov pom pem hauv ntej yog fastened nyob rau hauv lub Dovetail mount, paub nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws. Nws yog ua tau los ua lateral edits. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov pom tom qab - ntawm lub pob tw, pem hauv ntej ntawm tus txais.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov Germans, zoo li cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm Soviet, tsis tau tsim tshwj xeeb, sniper variants ntawm Gw.98 carbines thiab phom. Rau lub hom phiaj no, riam phom raug xaiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem Hoobkas. ATrau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xaiv, tua tau ua nyob rau hauv "reference" tej yam kev mob. Cov neeg German siv SmE cartridges nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau ("E" - Eisenkern) rau qhov no.
Tshwj xeeb rau snipers xyoo 1939, ZF39 qhov muag pom tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Ib xyoos tom qab, cov kws tshaj lij tau txhim kho nws los ntawm kev ntxiv cov cim txog li 1200 meters. Qhov pom tau muab tso ncaj qha rau saum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, thiab thoob plaws hauv kev ua tsov ua rog qhov tsim ntawm qhov pom tau hloov ntau zaus.
Tshuaj kho qhov muag pom
Ib hlis tom qab pib ua tsov rog nrog Soviet Union, thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, ZF41 qauv tau txais, uas feem ntau pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab lub npe ZF40 thiab ZF41 / 1. Tab sis 98K carbines nrog cov kev pom no pib nkag mus rau Wehrmacht tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tau coj tus yam ntxwv, thiab tus qauv Mauser 98K cartridges ntawm thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsis zoo heev rau kev tua.
Ua ntej, nrog qhov ntev ntawm 13 centimeters, qhov pom tsuas yog x1.5 magnification. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws fastening yog li tsis ua tiav uas nws cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm reloading riam phom. Vim qhov kev nthuav dav tsis zoo, snipers nyiam siv ZF40 nkaus xwb ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom nws tus kheej tsis zais qhov tseeb tias Mauser 98K carbine, uas tau nruab nrog lub ntsej muag zoo li no, yuav tsum tau pom tshwj xeeb yog riam phom ntawm qhov tseeb, tab sis tsis muaj txhais tau tias yog "cov cuab yeej" sniper. Thiab yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau xyoo 1941, ntau tus neeg German tau tshem ZF41 los ntawm phom, tab sis lawv qhov kev tso tawm tau txuas ntxiv mus.
Tshiab, telescopic pom ZF4(43 / 43-1) yog … yuav luag daim ntawv luam ntawm Soviet cov khoom, kho rau German manufacturing technologies. Lub Wehrmacht ua tsis tiav los tsim kom muaj kev tso tawm ruaj khov ntawm tus qauv tshiab, thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau Mauser 98K. Tsuas yog ib qho tshwj xeeb swept mount tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, uas tseem tsis tau muab rau cov tub rog kom txaus.
Qee tus snipers kuj siv Opticotechna, Dialytan thiab Hensoldt & Soehne qauv (x4 magnification), nrog rau Carl Zeiss Jena Zielsechs. Lub tom kawg yog ntau ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb: zoo heev, tsis tshua muaj qhov cim cim thiab qhov nce rau rau qhov ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov carbine los ua riam phom sniper zoo tiag tiag. Cov keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias txog 200 txhiab carbines tau nruab nrog "optics".
Lwm yam nta
Cov khoom lag luam, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws (uas Mauser 98K phom feem ntau sawv cev rau), muaj cov duab zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub taub qab phaj yog edged nrog steel. Nws muaj ib qho chaw tso khoom rau kev saib xyuas ntawm riam phom, uas tau raug kaw los ntawm lub ntsej muag me me. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Tshuag, cia li hauv qab lub chim, muaj ib tug ramrod rau tu thiab tswj lub carbine. Qhov peculiarity ntawm Mauser no yog tias muaj ob lub ramrods ib zaug: 25 thiab 35 cm. Txhawm rau ntxuav Mauser 98K carbine, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab lawv ua ke.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm "Peb-tus kav", bayonet-riam tau suav nrog carbines thiab phom. Cov Germans siv SG 84/98 qauv, uas yog luv luv thiab ntausib dua li cov siv nrog Gw.98. Yog li, nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm 38.5 cm, nws muaj ib tug hniav 25 cm ntev.
Nyob ntawm lub pob tw muaj hlau disk nrog lub qhov, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, raws li nws yog siv los nres thaum disassembling lub pob tw. Tag nrho cov hlau ntawm cov carbine raug hlawv, uas feem ntau tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm corrosion, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv nyuaj combat tej yam kev mob (Fe3O4 txheej). Xyoo 1944, German engineers hloov mus rau phosphating, vim nws pheej yig dua thiab muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm Mauser 98K carbine, cov khoom seem uas yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus nyob rau pem hauv ntej.
Ntxiv accessories
Txhawm rau nthuav dav lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov carbine, lub foob pob hluav taws tua hluav taws tau raug coj los pov rau hauv lub thoob grenades, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb nkhaus txuas uas tso cai rau kev tua los ntawm ib ncig ntawm kaum.
Grenade launchers
Lub grenade launcher ntawm Gewehrgranat Geraet 42 qauv tsim nyog rau ib qho kev piav qhia cais. Mounting ntawm Mauser 98K yog nrog steel clamp. Qhov kev tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo yog li 250 meters. Thoob plaws hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, German kev lag luam tsim tsawg kawg yog xya ntau yam ntawm grenades ntawm ntau hom thiab lub hom phiaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Waffen SS paratroopers, tus qauv GG / P40 tau tsim, uas yog sib dua thiab yooj yim dua los tuav.
Tsis zoo li tus qauv grenade launcher, P40 tau txuas nrog rab phom zoo li lub bayonet thiab xav tau zoo thaum sib ntaus cov yeeb ncuab lub teeb armored tsheb thiab pawgyeeb ncuab tub rog.
Nozzle rau tua los ntawm ib ncig ntawm kaum
Krummlauf txuas ntxiv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1943 thaum cov neeg German muaj teeb meem hauv nroog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws pab tua hluav taws, tsis tawm ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev. Cov cuab yeej no kuj tau fastened nrog clamps. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub tias nws yog txoj haujlwm ntawm Krummlauf uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim thawj cov qauv ntawm cov phom tua phom uas hloov cov carbines tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Ntawm no yog qhov kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, koj puas paub ntau npaum li cas Mauser 98K tam sim no? Tus nqi ntawm carbine nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 50-60 txhiab rubles, uas tseem tsis cuam tshuam cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab cov neeg sau! Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias txawv teb chaws tus nqi ntawm no rarity yog ntau npaum li cas me ntsis.
Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tau yog tias peb sib piv cov txheej txheem ntawm phom thiab carbines uas muag. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tib lub teb chaws Amelikas nws muaj peev xwm yuav ib Mauser yuav luag nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas lubrication thiab nrog rau tag nrho cov thawj qhov chaw, xws li "tua" riam phom feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev rhais uas lawv muaj peev xwm muab tsuas yog rau sau lub hom phiaj.
