Calibre 308 Yeej: tshuaj xyuas, kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab ballistics

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Calibre 308 belongs rau pawg loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tua tsiaj, uas muaj ntau qhov dav thiab daim ntawv thov. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ntau cov mos txwv ntau yam zoo sib xws hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv, tsim los ntawm 30-caliber cartridges siv hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Tub Rog thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries. Calibre 308 yog ntau yam thiab haum rau ob qho tib si kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog thiab kev yos hav zoov. Cov cartridge no yog tsim los ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab loj hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cartridges rau riam phom ntawm 308 caliber, uas txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mos txwv, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov peev txheej thiab cov ntaub ntawv ballistic. Qhov ntau ntawm kev yos hav zoov phom thiab riam phom tub rog siv qhov caliber no dav heev thiab suav nrog, ntawm lwm yam, kev txhim kho hauv tsev. Qhov caliber no yog qhov zoo rau ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj raug, tsis tshua muaj recoil, sib dua qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom chambered rau daim cartridge no, thiab nws muaj peev xwm reloading automation. Cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev ntawm kev yos hav zoov tau ntev tau siv lub peev xwm308 caliber thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm 308 caliber mos txwv ntawm tus nqi pheej yig, nrog rau kev tsim cov kev hloov tshiab ntawm carbines nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv tshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev yos hav zoov riam phom, suav nrog cov kev xaiv nrog cov khoom sib hloov tau thiab cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau.

Peb caug-gauge Predecessors

Keeb Kwm ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas.30 rov qab mus rau 45-70 Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws pib tsim tawm xyoo 1873.

Nws yog mos txwv hnyav thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau ib rab phom tua tub rog Springfield nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. Calibre - 11.63 mm.

2. Hmoov nqi - 4.54

3. Qhov hnyav - 26.2 g. 4. Hwj chim - 3000 j.

Nws yog ib daim cartridge ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv, thaum cov hmoov dub tau hloov nrog cov pa luam yeeb yam tsis muaj pyroxylin. Nws cov yam ntxwv ballistic thiab nres cov nyhuv yog ze heev rau cov 16-gauge smoothbore shotgun. Thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov tub rog Asmeskas xav tau ib daim cartridge tshiab, sib dua, rau cov hmoov tsis muaj pa luam yeeb thiab lub caliber me dua rau cov phom loj dua. Yog li xyoo 1892, 30-40 Krag cartridge tau tshwm sim rau Krag-Jorgensen rifles. Nws yog tus neeg sawv cev ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg Asmeskas.30-caliber cartridges, uas muaj lub raj mis zoo li qub. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim cartridge no thiab cov kev txhim kho tom ntej yog lub flange protruding nyob rau hauv qab kawg ntawm lub tes tsho. Nws cov yam ntxwv tau raws li nram no:

1. Calibre - 7.8mm.

2. Length - 78.5 mm.

3. Cov duab - 6-13

4. Thawj qhov ceev yog 883-820 m / s. 5. Muzzle zog - 2529 J.

Nws yog qhov dhia ntse mus rau qhov nce ntau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm hluav taws. Nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 m, thaum tua raws lub tiaj tiaj, cov mos txwv mus txog 2 cm. Rau kev ua tub rog, daim cartridge no tsis siv ntev, tab sis tseem siv los tua tsiaj loj txog 250 kg.

Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas peb caug caliber

Tag nrho cov cartridges hauv tsev neeg no muaj tib lub raj mis zoo li 30-40 Krag, tab sis lawv tsis muaj flange tsa.

Sab saum toj 30 ntsuas tau tsim los ua cov chav kawm me me ntawm cov mos txwv phom. Cov cartridges no txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho, uas cuam tshuam rau cov phom phom, nrog rau cov duab, qhov hnyav thiab tsim ntawm cov mos txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj flange protruding yog ib tug German kev loj hlob thiab yog npaj rau phom nrog ib lub thawv ntawv xov xwm zoo li Mauser M 98. Thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov classic ntau yam cartridges ntawm American peb caug caliber yog mos txwv rau Springfield rifles, uas yog cov ntawv luam ntawm cov saum toj no. - hais txog German phom nrog ib lub thawv ntawv xov xwm thiab dawb-sliding bolt. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ob lub mos txwv zoo li no tshwm sim. Cov no yog calibers 30-03 thiab 30-06 Springfield. Ob lub cartridges sib txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub tes tsho thiab cov duab ntawm cov mos txwv. Calibre 30-06 muaj cov ntaub ntawv luv luv los ntawm 1.77 hli, tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov tsim ntawm cov mos txwv. Calibre 30-03 muaj ib lub mos txwv hnyav hnyav 14.3 g nrog lub taub hau puag ncig. Lub mos txwv no tsis tau txauskev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm flatness ntawm hluav taws, tab sis nws muaj zoo heev nres zog. Cov yam ntxwv no yog vim li cas rau nws txoj haujlwm ua tub rog luv luv thiab kev hloov pauv sai mus rau qeb ntawm kev tua mos txwv. Ob tus lej kawg hauv kev xaiv lub caliber qhia lub xyoo uas US Army tau txais cov cartridges no. Calibre 30-03 - 1903 Calibre 30-06 - 1906 Kev saws los ntawm 30-caliber cartridge tshiab nyob rau hauv tsuas yog peb xyoos yog vim muaj ib lub mos txwv. Cov Germans pib ua cov mos txwv rau lawv cov ntawv xov xwm phom, uas yog sib dua thiab raug dua. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, lawv tam sim ntawd reacted rau lub German innovation thiab tau txais lawv tus kheej version ntawm lub cartridge nrog ib tug taw tes tag nrho-plhaub mos txwv hnyav 9.7 g. Qhov no yog li cas lub caliber 30-06 tshwm sim, uas yog tseem siv los ua tub rog mos txwv, nws yog suav tias yog daim cartridge yos hav zoov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Qhov teeb meem xaiv riam phom 30-gauge

Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ob lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau xaiv rau 30-caliber mos txwv nrog yuav luag tib yam ballistic yam ntxwv, tab sis lawv xav tau ob chav sib txawv tsim thiab bolt pawg loj. Cov riam phom no yog rau caliber 30-06 thiab caliber 308 yeej. Cov neeg yos hav zoov tshiab niaj hnub ntsib qhov teeb meem no, txij li lawv tau muab yuav luag tib rab phom rau cov cartridges nrog tib lub ballistics, tab sis kev khi rau qee hom mos txwv nyob ntawm kev xaiv riam phom. Yuav kom qhov xwm txheej no tsis txaj muag, koj yuav tsum qhia tias vim li cas qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim txhua. Nws yog tag nrho cov neeg Amelikas qhov txhaumtub rog, txij li ob daim cartridges tau tsim los ua tub rog riam phom rau US Army.

Lub 308 caliber cartridge yog luv luv version ntawm 30-06 caliber. Ib qho luv luv tau tshwm sim tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob nruab nrab tshiab uas xav tau rov qab tsis muaj zog rau cov tub rog xav tau, raws li qhov kev siv riam phom tshiab tuaj yeem tsim. Lub tes tsho luv luv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev sib cog lus automation vim lub luv luv stroke ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj pab pawg neeg, thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub muzzle zog tsim ntau dua prerequisites rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, lub caliber 308 tau txais los ntawm US Army thiab lwm lub tebchaws NATO. Cov cartridge no tseem siv tau rau cov phom submachine, rab phom tshuab thiab phom sniper nyob rau sab hnub poob. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 30-caliber cartridge ntawm 1906 qauv tau xyaum tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav thiab ballistics ntawm kev yos hav zoov riam phom. Yog vim li cas thiaj muaj ob daim cartridges ntawm tib lub caliber, uas yuav luag zoo tib yam phom yog tsim nrog txawv stroke lengths.

Qhov txawv ntawm caliber 308 yeej thiab caliber 30-06 rau kev yos hav zoov

Caliber 30-06 qauv 1906 muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. Calibre - 7.62 mm (yuav ua tau caliber - 7.82 mm).

2. Cartridge ntev - 84, 84 mm.

3. Lub tes tsho ntev - 63, 35 mm.

4. Cov mos txwv qhov hnyav yog 6.54-16.2 g.

5. Thawj qhov ceev yog 820-976 m/s.

6. Lub muzzle zog ntau yog 3200-4126 J. 7. Muaj peev xwm los thauj cov cartridge manuallycov mos txwv zoo thiab cov tshuaj phom zoo.

Caliber 308 yeej muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. Calibre - 7.62 mm (yuav ua tau caliber - 7.82 mm).

2. Cartridge ntev - 71.05 mm.

3. Lub tes tsho ntev - 51, 18 mm.

4. Cov mos txwv hnyav ntau - 6.54-13 g.

5. Thawj qhov ceev yog 800-950 m / s. 6. Muzzle zog - 3600 J.

sib txawv me ntsis thiab tus nqi sib txawv

Cov cartridges no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, thiab lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo ballistic yuav luag tib yam. Calibre 30-06 muaj lub peev xwm los nruab nrog cov mos txwv hnyav dua, tab sis qhov zoo dua 308 caliber hauv muzzle zog tsuas yog ua tau nrog qhov tsim nyog ntev nrog qhov tsim nyog twist thiab siv cov hmoov tshwj xeeb qeeb hlawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov mos txwv no yog lawv cov nqi thiab muaj nyob rau hauv khw Russia. Imported 308 caliber rau kev yos hav zoov yuav pheej yig dua 30-06. Tab sis domestic cartridges ntawm ob qho tib si calibers, uas yog pheej yig dua li imported sawv daws yuav, txawv heev nyob rau hauv zoo. Raws li cov neeg yos hav zoov, lub caliber 30-06 tsim nyob rau hauv Barnaul nrog lub tes tsho steel muaj ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua, tus naj npawb ntawm kev ncua sij hawm ntawm kev tua thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm jamming lub shutter. Tab sis lub domestic caliber 308 muaj tsawg dua kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov zoo. Thaum xaiv riam phom rau peb caug American caliber, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov sib txawv loj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm mos mos mos uas muaj nyob rau ntawm high-zoo imported 30-06 caliber cartridges thiab domestic 308 caliber cartridges, kuj zoo heev txais tos. Hauv ob qho tib si, qhov sib txawvnyob rau hauv ballistic yam ntxwv yuav insignificant. Nyob rau hauv luv luv version ntawm American cartridge ntawm peb caug caliber, lub lag luam tua mos txwv muaj ib tug dav xaiv ntawm riam phom qauv.

Ballistics

308 ballistics muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb. Kev poob ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 308 caliber mos txwv thiab nws qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau lub dav hlau kab rov tav nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov mos txwv, nws hom thiab lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub cartridge tshwj xeeb. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib piv ballistic kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cartridges sib txawv thaum raug rho tawm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 meters thiab twist ntawm 12 ntiv tes.

Chuck hom thiab chaw tsim khoom	bullet weight	pib nrawm	muag zog	deviation
Winchester Partition	150 nplej	884/733 m/s	3800/2605 J	-19.8cm
Winchester Ballistic	168 nplej	814/703 m/s	3606/2689 J	- 21.8cm
Norma Nosler	180 nplej	796/668 m/s	3694/2600 J	- 29.5cm
Remington Swift Scirocco	180 nplej	823/117 m/s	3961/3000 J	- 21cm
Federal Sierra HPBT	168 nplej	823/710 m/s	3631/2700 J	- 20.5cm
Hornedy Lub Teeb Magnum SST	150 nplej	915/775 m/s	4075/3461 J	- 18cm
Lapua Lock-base	170 nplej	860/746 m/s	4068/3064 J	- 19cm

Los ntawm cov lus saum toj no nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov ballistics ntawm 308 caliber cartridges los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov mos txwv siv, lawv cov duab sib txawv, nrog rau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov hmoov phom.. Lub ballistic yam ntxwv ntawm domestically tsim 308 caliber cartridges yog me ntsis inferior rau imported cartridges, cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab rau hauv lub rooj.

Qhov zoo ntawm 308 caliber yos hav zoov riam phom tshuab

308 caliber yos hav zoov carbines tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam txhaj tshuaj, tsis siv neeg, semi-automatic, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj ib zaug thiab ua ke, nrog ntau lub thoob ntawm cov calibers sib txawv. Tus kheej-loading thiab tsis siv neeg carbines rau lub luv peb caug caliber ntaus ntau yog vim tsawg recoil. Lub 308 caliber yos hav zoov carbine muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam zoo. Ib leeg-steev carbines muaj ib tug sib zog ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog ib tug luv luv stroke, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov ntev thiab hnyav ntawm riam phom yam tsis muaj kev tua raug tua. 308 caliber cartridge yog universal. Hauv qab nws, koj tuaj yeem pom cov phom ib leeg nrog ob qho tib si kab rov tav zawv zawg bolts thiab vertically zawv zawg bolts. Lub.308 bolt-action carbines tshwj xeeb tshaj yog compact, lub teeb yuag thiab ntsiag to reload yam tsis muaj ncua, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav poob siab tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm brace es tsis txhob coil, ua rau cov tshuab no tsis muaj teeb meem. Muaj lwm yam zoo uas lub caliber 308 muaj. Cov neeg saib xyuas cov neeg saib xyuas qhia tau hais tias yog tias cov ntawv xov xwm tsis ua haujlwm, cov cartridges no yooj yim dua rau hauv lub chamber manually, ib zaug ib zaug, thiab nrog ntau dua.cov cartridges ntev, xws li caliber 30-06 thiab lwm yam, cov txheej txheem no tsis zoo lossis ua tsis tau txhua yam vim qhov ntev. Thiab ib qho ntxiv kom zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tua phom ntev ntev, lub plhaub mos ntawm cov mos txwv yog ntau dua yuav deform thaum nws tau txiav mus rau hauv lub chamber, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Lub caliber 308 muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntau npaum li cas hauv qhov no. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tau ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm 308 caliber hauv qhov no, tsis yog cov qauv ntev ntawm 30 caliber.

308 caliber hauv cov tshuab sib hloov tau

Lub 308 caliber cartridge yeej ib txwm ua raws li niaj hnub tiam sis hauv kev tsim riam phom tua tsiaj. Ntau nrov yog cov tshuab thoob ntiaj teb uas koj tuaj yeem siv ob peb qhov nrov tshaj plaws calibers thiab lawv ntau yam. Muaj cov qauv uas tuaj yeem hloov kho hauv thaj teb txawm tias mus rau hauv 308 caliber carbine, txawm tias mus rau hauv 30-06 caliber carbine, nrog rau hloov lub chim caliber. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv Browning MARAL muaj xws li cov khoom sib hloov tau thiab cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj larvae. Nws cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li AK mechanism, tab sis tsis muaj lub tshuab ua pa. Lub sijhawm no ntawm reloading yog nqa tawm manually los ntawm rub lub bolt carrier rov qab thiab tawm mus. Ntawm cov kev tsim kho hauv tsev nrog cov khoom sib hloov tau thiab cov bolt larvae, ib tus tuaj yeem ua lub npe tsis siv neeg carbine tsim los ntawm VPO Molot. Qhov no tshwj xeeb Lavxias teb sab-ua riam phom yos hav zoov yog ib tug tag nrho tsis siv neeg magazine carbine nrog ib tug gas-ua hauj lwm mechanism uas muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm raws liRifle 308 caliber, nrog rau cov carbine 223 Rem thiab 20X76. Qhov no yog ob rab phom thiab carbine ntawm ob hom hauv ib lub cev, muab rau ib daim ntawv tso cai.

Zoo twist rau.308

Muaj ntau tus.308 twist chim xaiv muaj, xws li 10 "mus rau 14" chim ntev. Twist yog ib qho kev hloov pauv tag nrho ntawm cov mos txwv nyob ib ncig ntawm nws cov axis, uas nws ua rau thaum tsiv hauv qhov bore. Raws li, qhov twist ntawm 10 ntiv tes yog tag nrho kev sib hloov ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub chim, uas cov mos txwv ua tom qab dhau kaum-inch khiav raws lub chim. Qhov hnyav dua thiab ntev lub mos txwv, qhov luv dua qhov twist yuav tsum yog. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau 308 caliber, koj yuav tsum paub hom mos txwv uas yuav siv dav hauv kev yos hav zoov. Tus qauv mos txwv qhov hnyav ntawm 168 nplej tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau 308 caliber. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tias rau cov mos txwv zoo li no qhov tsawg kawg nkaus twist yuav yog 14 ntiv tes. Cov mos txwv sib zog nrog qhov kev sib tw no yuav rov ua kom rov zoo, tab sis lawv cov ballistics yuav nyob twj ywm rau hauv siab ntev. Qhov hnyav dua.308 cov mos txwv twb xav tau lub twist luv dua. Ntau tus neeg yos hav zoov hais tias 308 xav tau 12 twists. Piv txwv li, Chezet 550 carbine, caliber 308, nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hloov kho, feem ntau raug suav hais tias yog piv txwv. Czech phom yog txawv los ntawm universal bolt rau ntau yam ntev ntawm 308 caliber cartridges, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog heev loj. Txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom, Czech gunsmiths siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov thawv nyias nyias, uas cuam tshuam zoo rau lub ballistics vim qhov instantaneous.chim overheating. Rau kev lag luam mus yos hav zoov, koj xav tau ib lub thoob tuab, ib qho yooj yim pom thaum koj tuaj yeem ntes tau lub hom phiaj nrog yoov, lub tshuab tsis muaj teeb meem thiab lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj rau qhov pheej yig tshaj cartridge ntawm 30 caliber, uas yog 308 caliber. Lub twist yuav tsum tau xam rau qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov mos txwv. Nrog rau txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, 308 caliber yos hav zoov carbines yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog 12-nti twist, uas yuav muab kev txhaj tshuaj zoo rau cov mos txwv hauv tsev uas muaj cov mos txwv hauv tsev. Lub 308 muaj kev xaiv ntau dua hauv cov mos txwv qhov hnyav ntawm tus nqi pheej yig, yog li 12 twist yog qhov dav dua riam phom.

Precision benchmark - Remington 308 caliber

Cov riam phom tua tsiaj rau 308 caliber los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Remington" muaj cov kab nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv kev xaiv. Kev ua haujlwm zawv zawg ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ib zaug thiab rov ua cov phom ntev ntawm lub tuam txhab no yog cov qauv raws li Mauser phom loj ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. 308 caliber tso cai rau koj los tsim ntau yam riam phom, xws li cov qauv kev ua kis las mus rau kev lag luam riam phom, xws li kev yos hav zoov nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Asmeskas sab av loj. Qhov tseeb ntawm.308 Remington phom yog unsurpassed. Nyob rau hauv $3,000, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau.308 Remington phom rau yuav luag txhua tus pej xeem siv, suav nrog kev yos hav zoov, kis las, thiab kev tiv thaiv. Qhov raug siab yog vim muaj kev vam khom rau Asmeskas kev cai riam phom thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau NATO cov tub rog riam phom, qhov twg 308 cartridge yog ib qho ntawm cov mos txwv tseem ceeb rau ob rab phom tshuab thiab rab phom tshuab. luv luvLub tes tsho.30 caliber tsis muaj flange muab lub sijhawm zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom los tsim riam phom ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab raug, tsom mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pej xeem sector. Pheej yig dua versions ntawm domestic 308 caliber cartridges nrog ballistic yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li Western counterparts nce lub undeniable zoo ntawm 308 caliber rau yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsis muaj zog recoil, siab raug thiab txhim khu kev qha kev ua tau zoo rau lub reloading mechanism ua rau 308 caliber indispensable nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam, tsis tsuas yog mus yos hav zoov, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg.