Kyrgyz steppes yog thaj chaw loj heev uas ncab ntawm Urals mus rau toj siab ntawm Tien Shan. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog thaj chaw loj, tab sis cov peev txheej ntuj, ntau hom hlau thiab polymetallic ores thiab thee basins.
Coal deposit hauv Kazakhstan
Ib qho ntawm cov pob zeb loj tshaj plaws hauv Kazakhstan yog Ekibastuz thee phiab. Nws nyob hauv thaj av Pavlodar, ze ntawm Pavlodar-Astana railway kab.
Tag nrho cov peev nyiaj tau kwv yees li ntawm 10 billion tons. Lub qhov cub npog npog thaj tsam ntawm 155 sq. km., nrog qhov ntev ntawm 24 km thiab dav ntawm 8.5 km.
lub pob zeb pom li cas?
Rov qab rau xyoo 1886, tus kws tshawb nrhiav Kosum Pshembaev (tus kws qhia txog geologist tus kheej) tau xa daim ntawv thov rau nws tus tswv, uas nws qhia qhov chaw ntawm qhov tso nyiaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau kos cov ciam teb nrog ob daim ntsev, uas nws coj los ntawm ib lub pas dej nyob sib ze. Los ntawm no tuaj lub npe niaj hnub ntawm Ekibastuz thee phiab - "Eki baz tuz", uas yog, "ob taub hau ntsev".
Xyoo 1893, pawg neeg tshawb nrhiav tau raug xa mus rau cov chaw no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj dab tsi tau pom thiab feem ntau nws yogyog vim tsis txawj tshawb fawb.
Xyoo 1895, Kosum thiab nws tus tub lag luam Derov pib tshawb nrhiav tshiab. Lawv tau tswj hwm qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav ze ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Lake Ekibastuz mus rau qhov tob ntawm 6.4 meters. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, lees paub tias muaj lub zog thee seam ntawm no. Thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus tub lag luam tau tso peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav mines.
Kev nplua nuj ntawm Ekibastuz thee phiab tau nyiam lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1896, lub taub hau ntawm lub mining tog xa nws tus pab mus rau cov chaw, uas txiav txim siab hais tias cov deposit yog tiag tiag txhim khu kev qha. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Derov twb muab tso rau hauv ib tug me me thee mine.
Xyoo 1898, kev sib hais me me pib tsim rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub pas dej, uas tom qab ntawd loj hlob mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub nroog.
Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub
Txog hnub tim, lub subsoil ntawm Ekibastuz thee phiab tau tshawb pom tag nrho. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua dhau 8 xyoo, txij xyoo 1940 txog 1948.
Tsuas yog peb txheej saum toj kawg nkaus, suav nrog tag nrho cov thee complex, tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam:
- 1 txheej - 25 meters;
- 2 txheej - mus txog 43 meters;
- 3 txheej txog 108 meters.
Coal quality
Hauv Ekibastuz thee phiab, thee txhais tau tias yog av tshauv, qib 1CC, uas yog, qis-caking. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias xws li cov thee yog ib qho nyuaj rau ignite, nws muaj lub sij hawm ntev hlawv, nrog ib tug high degree ntawm tshav kub hloov. Tshauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qib 40%, hloov hauvnyob ntawm lub reservoir thiab nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm impurities.
Cov pob zeb tuaj yeem rub tau thoob plaws qhov tso nyiaj.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - siv roj rau cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg (cov hmoov tshauv qhuav):
| Yhygroscopic | 4% | |
| cov ntsiab lus dav dav | 6, 5% | |
| Sulfur | tag nrho | 0, 7% |
| pyrite | 0, 3% | |
| organic | 0, 4% | |
| Carbon | 44, 8% | |
| Hydrogen | 3% | |
| Nitrogen Nyob | 0, 8% | |
| Oxygen | 7, 3% | |
Coal Basin Enterprises
Hnub no, Bogatyr mine belongs rau Bogatyr Kemir LLP, uas tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1965. Qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawm cov thee hauv qhov complex yog kwv yees li 1.18 billion tons.
Qhov kev txiav no txawm muaj npe nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv ua qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Vostochny mine ntawm Ekibastuz thee phiab belongs rau Eurasian Zogkev koom tes . Qhov project tau qhib rau xyoo 1985. Nws tau nyob ntawm no tias, thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb kev xyaum, hauv-kab tshuab siv tshuab nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom tau siv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv seem, qhov tshwm sim sloping ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm sib xyaw warehouses, uas tso cai rau koj sai sai teb cov thee ntsuas ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab thaum kawg ua kom zoo tib yam ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov thee los ntawm cov mine no muaj nuj nqis heev, vim nws tso cai rau cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xwb, tab sis kuj txo qis emissions ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo rau hauv huab cua.
