Engel nkhaus - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm German kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo pua 19th

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Engel nkhaus - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm German kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo pua 19th
Engel nkhaus - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm German kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo pua 19th

Video: Engel nkhaus - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm German kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo pua 19th

Video: Engel nkhaus - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm German kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo pua 19th
Video: Tswv Yexus lub neej thaum pib txug thaum xaus 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Engel nkhaus pab cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub tshawb nrhiav qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev thov raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyiaj tau los.

Ernst Engel

Engel nkhaus
Engel nkhaus

Ernst Engel yog los ntawm ib lub tebchaws uas feem ntau suav tias yog tus neeg pedantic thiab ceev faj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nws yog ib tug statistician, economist thiab ib feem ntawm sociologist. Kev mob siab rau cov kev tshawb fawb no tau tso cai rau nws tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb txog zauv, tab sis kuj tseem nrhiav tau cov qauv ntawm kev noj nyob ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los, uas tau muab lub hauv paus los tsim kom muaj qhov nkhaus Engel. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus kws tshawb fawb Prussian, tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw haujlwm txheeb cais hauv Berlin, yog tus kws tshaj lij tshaj li tus kws tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd, txoj cai lij choj thiab Engel nkhaus tau tshwm sim, raws li kev tshawb fawb ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov peev nyiaj ntawm cov tsev neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm muaj kev vam meej. Txawm hais tias Ernst tsis siv cov duab hauv nws cov haujlwm, cov haujlwm tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no raws li nws txoj cai lij choj hu ua "Engel curves".

Ntau yam khoom

lub Engel nkhaus qhia
lub Engel nkhaus qhia

Tshawb nrhiav kev siv nyiaj ntawm tsev neeg nrog ntau qibcov nyiaj tau los, Engel conditionally faib tag nrho cov khoom rau hauv peb pawg. Rau thawj zaug nws ntaus nqi ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab pheej yig. Raws li cov nyiaj tau los nce, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom no poob, uas yog, cov neeg siv khoom hloov lawv nrog cov khoom zoo dua. Pab pawg thib ob ntawm cov khoom suav nrog cov khoom uas nws noj tsis hloov lossis nce nrog cov nyiaj tau los loj hlob. Cov no yog cov khoom lag luam zoo uas txhua tus xav tau rau lub neej ib txwm muaj, tsis hais txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tsev neeg. Piv txwv li, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cereals, mis nyuj thiab lwm yam. Rau pawg thib peb ntawm cov khoom, uas tau txais lub npe raws li kev cai ntawm cov khoom kim heev, nws suav nrog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem muab faib nrog, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, hais txog txoj haujlwm ntawm ib tus neeg lossis tsev neeg hauv zej zog. Raws li lawv hais, lawv tau txais tos los ntawm khaub ncaws…

Nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov

Yog li, thaum txiav txim siab qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm qhov kev thov rau qee yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, Engel nkhaus tau siv. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov rau ib qho zoo. Ntawd yog, peb yuav tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb qhov kev thov ntau npaum li cas rau qee yam khoom hloov pauv nyob ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Engel nkhaus qhia qhov zoo elasticity ntawm kev thov nrog kev nce hauv cov nyiaj tau los rau cov khoom kim heev thiab qhov tsis zoo rau cov khoom tsis zoo. Cov khoom zoo yog qhov txawv, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub neej ib txwm muaj ntawm tsev neeg, qhov elasticity ntawm qhov tsawg heev. Ua tib zoo xav txog cov qauv saum toj no, cov chaw tsim khoom npaj cov khoom lag luam los tsim thiab dab tsi ntawm cov pej xeem suav nrog.

Plotting the Engel nkhaus

Engel curves yog
Engel curves yog

txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov nkhaus Engel, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj txoj kab rov tav ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv qab theem ntawm tsev neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab nws cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm, thiab qhov ntsug - raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. muas. Yog tias peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom lag luam inelastic, uas yog, cov khoom siv zoo, ces qhov nkhaus yuav tiaj tus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis nce nyob rau hauv feem rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Tom qab tag nrho, ib tsev neeg uas noj ob lub ncuav txhua hnub yuav tsis noj mov ntxiv, txawm tias nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv nce ntxiv. Qhov taw qhia ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tsev neeg loj hlob ntawm cov peev nyiaj loj hlob rau cov khoom kim heev yuav nce siab thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab heev. Cov khoom lag luam qis qis nce mus rau qee qhov, kom txog rau thaum cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tsev neeg mus txog qhov uas nws tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom tsis zoo nrog cov khoom zoo. Ces qhov nkhaus pib poob. Yog li, Engel nkhaus qhia txawv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txog qee yam khoom, nyob ntawm seb cov nyiaj tau los tau txais.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Engel txoj kev tshawb fawb

txoj cai thiab Engel nkhaus
txoj cai thiab Engel nkhaus

Tau kawg, Engel txoj cai muaj nws qhov kev zam thiab tsis tuaj yeem thov cov xwm txheej zoo rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Muaj cov neeg nplua nuj heev uas nyiam ua neej nyob qis qis, tsis hais lawv khwv tau npaum li cas. Thiab tseem Engel nkhaus qhia cov qauv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb, nyob ntawm kev nce lossis txo cov nyiaj tau los.cov neeg siv khoom raws li qhov nruab nrab, raws li tus qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm rau feem coob. Nws siv tau tso cai kwv yees kev txhim kho ntawm qee qhov kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev thov rau cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Engel tau txiav txim siab txog cov qauv kev txom nyem ntawm tsev neeg. Yog tias ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tsev neeg cov peev nyiaj mus rau zaub mov, peb tuaj yeem ntseeg siab tham txog nws txoj kev ua neej nyob qis. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj tias cov tsev neeg txom nyem, saib xyuas zaub mov noj txhua hnub, tsis txhob siv nyiaj thiab lub zog ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig, uas txo lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub neej feem ntau.

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