Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov cavalry carbines hauv tsev pib xyoo 1856. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm lawv tseem niaj hnub riam phom, txawv los ntawm lawv kev cia siab rau thiab zoo shooting kev ua tau zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog Mosin phom ("peb tus kav"), ua nyob rau hauv ob peb versions. Xav txog cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov phom no, nrog rau kev siv thiab kev hloov kho.
1856 Capsule Shortened Cavalry Carbine
Cov riam phom hauv nqe lus nug tau tsim los ntxiv dag zog thiab rov txhim kho cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov neeg tua phom tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov phom phom phom phom zoo uas muaj ntau qhov hluav taws kub raug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau npaj kom txo cov caliber mus rau 15.24 mm. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov mos txwv puag ncig mus rau qhov hnyav analogues ntawm cov duab cylindrical txo qhov hluav taws kub cia los ntawm tus neeg tua rog. Txo cov caliber ib nrab tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no.
rab phom tshiab tau tsim los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Loj. Tus qauv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev los ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv 1856, ib tug luv luv cavalry carbinemuab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog infantry units. Cov riam phom tshiab tau hu ua "rifle". Qhov pom kev txhim kho tau muab qhov tseeb tua ntawm qhov kev ncua deb mus txog 850 meters, uas yog plaub zaug siab dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Kev piav qhia
Cov yam ntxwv luv luv ntawm 1856 cavalry carbine:
- length - 1.34m;
- nyhav - 4.4 kg tsis muaj bayonet;
- mos txwv - expansion cartridge Minier;
- tus nqi hluav taws - ob lub hom phiaj ib feeb.
Kev tsim cov khoom lag luam txhim kho tau pab txhawb kom raug tua. Cov neeg tua phom txawv teb chaws txaus siab rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov riam phom Lavxias tshiab.
Ob peb xyoos tom qab, tus qauv phom loj ntawm 1856 tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog txhua tus tub rog Lavxias. Feem ntau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob ib ncig ntawm rab phom no. Qee tus tub ceev xwm ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov kws tua phom yuav tsum tau muab cov riam phom zoo li no. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov neeg saib xyuas ib nrab tau tswj hwm lawv qhov kev xav, cov cavalry carbine tau pom zoo nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1858 rau tag nrho cov tub rog. Muaj tseeb tiag, qhov pom tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb txog li 600 meters, uas ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm riam phom. Ntawm cov kev hloov kho: tus qauv dragoon nrog lub chim luv luv los ntawm 76 millimeters, nrog rau cov Cossack version, hnyav 3.48 kilograms, nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ledge es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug trigger.
Mosin cavalry carbine
Tus thawj ntawm Mosin's carbines yog rab phom ntawm nws tus kheej tsim, nrov npe hu ua"trilinear". Lub npe no yog txuam nrog lub caliber ntawm riam phom, zoo tib yam rau peb kab (ib tug outdated Lavxias teb sab ntsuas ntawm ntev). Tus qauv tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb theem pib trim:
- Infantry version nrog txuas ntxiv chim thiab bayonet.
- Cavalry variant nrog luv dua chim thiab ntxiv hlua khi.
- Cossack hloov kho yam tsis muaj bayonet.
Cov phom loj tau kho tshiab hauv xyoo 1910 los ntawm kev muab nws nrog cov qauv pom tshiab thiab lwm cov nplhaib. Tus qauv tau txais lub npe code "piv txwv 1891/10", nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov versions nws tau ua hauj lwm kom txog rau thaum 1923, tom qab uas nws tau txiav txim siab tawm tsuas yog tus dragoon hloov nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam.
Nyob rau xyoo 24th ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub npe tag nrho ntawm riam phom tau raug muab ntxiv nrog qhov qhia txog lub npe Mosin. Xyoo 1930, txoj kev kho lub bayonet thiab ramrod tau hloov pauv, qhov pom thiab cov nplhaib tau hloov kho. Ua raws li cov kev ntsuas:
- length - 1.23 m;
- hnyav tsis muaj mos txwv thiab bayonet - 4 kg;
- rifling in the chim - 4 pieces;
- clip peev - 5 nqi;
- caliber - 7, 62 mm;
- ntau hom phiaj hluav taws - 2 km;
- pib mos txwv ceev - 810 m / s;
- tus nqi hluav taws - mus txog 12 volleys ib feeb.
Mosin carbine (1891-1907)
rab phom no yog tsim los rau cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hussar detachments. Nws yog luv dua thiab sib dua li tus zaj version, thiab nyiam hnav los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb ntawm ntau yam gaits. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm thiab cov cuab yeej, ib tug cavalry carbine ntawm hom no tsis txawv ntawmua ntej.
Features:
- luv lub qia rau 508 mm;
- nrog rau qhov hloov kho reticle nrog kev faib ua kom zoo rau lub thoob kom luv (50 kauj ruam);
- refined stock thiab handguard;
- no bayonet.
Lwm yam hloov kho
Hauv xyoo 1938, qhov hloov pauv ntawm 1907 qhov teeb meem cavalry carbine raug tso tawm. Cov riam phom tau ntev los ntawm tsib millimeters, qhov kwv yees siv tau zoo yog ib mais. Cov phom yog npaj rau txhua hom tub rog, suav nrog cov phom loj, cov tub rog thiab cov chaw thauj khoom uas xav tau cov riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Cov carbine tsim tawm xyoo 1944 yog qhov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg hauv nws cov koob. Nws txawv ntawm nws cov thawj coj hauv ib rab koob-hom bayonet uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tau, tsim kom yooj yim. Lub luv luv ntawm infantry phom los ua qhov tseem ceeb, qhia los ntawm kev paub ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Compactness ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub maneuverability ntawm pab tub rog, cia lawv mus sib ntaus nyob rau hauv ntau yam nyuaj tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis zoo, piv rau cov phom ntev, tseem nyob rau tib theem.
Parameters
Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntawm Mosin's 1938/1944 cavalry carbines:
- caliber (mm) - 7, 62/7, 62;
- hnyav yam tsis tau them nqi (kg) - 3, 4/4, 1;
- ntev yam tsis muaj bayonet (m) - 1016/1016;
- trigger - cuam tshuam yam;
- pom cov tshuab - pom pem hauv ntej nrog kev pom;
- shutter - teb longitudinal-zawv zawg;
- pom ntau yam (mm) - 1000;
- mos txwv ceev ntawm kev tso tawm (m / s) - 816;
- zaub mov - ib qho clip rau tsib mos txwv;
- xyoo kawg ntawm kev tsim tawm - 1945/1949.
Ntaus thiab khoom siv
Muaj plaub qhov hauv lub thoob ntawm lub carbine, cov lem ntawm sab laug, nce mus rau sab xis. Cov duab yog duab plaub. Ib tug smoothbore chamber yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rear. Nws yog txuas nrog rau lub phom phom compartment los ntawm cov mos txwv nkag. Saum toj no lub ntsiab yog lub Hoobkas stamp uas ua haujlwm los txheeb xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom thiab xyoo tsim khoom.
Lub thawv nruj nreem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau, uas lub qhov rooj kaw. Lub feeder, reflector thiab trigger yog tsau rau nws. Plaub tus nqi nrog lub feeder yog muab tso rau hauv qhov clip (kwv yees). Cov cartridges tau muab tso rau hauv ib kab, qhov txiav tawm qhov cuam tshuam tswj kev txav ntawm lub kaw lus, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib cais ntawm cov mos txwv thaum pub los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm compartment mus rau lub receiver. Ua ntej kev txhim kho, tus tsim siv yog paddle thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav mechanism.
Tsim nta
Qhov kev txiav tawm qhov cuam tshuam yog qhov tsim qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cavalry carbine, cov yam ntxwv uas tau tham saum toj no. Qhov kev nthuav dav no, tsim los ntawm Mosin, lav qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm riam phom hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom no yog vim kev siv cov mos txwv tsis siv nrog ib qho frill, uas cuam tshuam cov khoom siv los ntawm clip.
Lub foob pob ntawm rab phom suav nrog tus nuv, tshwj xeebcaij nplooj ntoos hlav, sear, ntsia hlau, studs. Lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, tsis muaj kev faib ua ob theem, sib txawv ntawm kev siv dag zog. Lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog npaj rau xa cov mos txwv mus rau hauv lub chamber, thaiv lub chim channel thaum lub sij hawm ib tug salvo, firing ib tug txhaj tshuaj, thiab tshem tawm ib tug siv cartridge rooj plaub. Qhov no muaj xws li qia zuag, kov, larva, ejector, ib tug trigger, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab cuam tshuam, thiab kho pluaj. Ib tug striker nrog ib tug twisted mainspring yog muab tso rau hauv lub shutter. Lub compression ntawm lub xeem lub caij yog muab los ntawm kev qhib lub shutter nrog ib tug teb kov. Nyob rau hauv lub rov qab txoj hauj lwm, lub cocked drummer rests tiv thaiv lub sear. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus txhais tau thim rov qab, yog tias koj tig nws tag nrho counterclockwise, lub cuab yeej yuav raug teeb tsa kom nyab xeeb.
Cov khoom lag luam muaj lub hauv pliaj, caj dab, taub qab, txuas cov khoom ntawm cov carbine. Cov khoom rau nws siv yog birch los yog walnut ntoo. Lub caj dab ncaj ntawm ib feem hauv nqe lus nug yog qhov ruaj khov thiab yooj yim rau kev tawm tsam bayonet, txawm hais tias nws tsis xis nyob thaum tua dua li ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib hom phom sij.
Txij li xyoo 1894, tus neeg tuav tes tau siv rau hauv kev tsim, npog sab saud ntawm lub thoob, tiv thaiv nws ntawm deformation, thiab cov tub rog txhais tes los ntawm kev kub hnyiab. Lub pob tw "Dragoon" tau dhau los ua qhov loj, lub forearm kuj "poob qhov hnyav". Ntawm cov carbines no, ib qho kev nce qib lossis kev pom pom tau ua haujlwm. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib lub pluaj nrog clamps, pads, springs. Qhov pom pem hauv ntej yog nyob rau ntawm lub pob tw ze ntawm lub muzzle. Nyob rau hauv 1932, serial ntau lawm ntawm 56-B-22A hloov kho, uas txawv.txhim kho lub thoob ua tiav, muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, khoov bolts kov.
Cov khoom lag luam tau txuas nrog ib khub ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab cov nplhaib tshwj xeeb nrog cov springs. Lub xyoo 1944 tso tawm carbine tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm Semin. Kev pom ntawm riam phom tau ua nrog tus bayonet hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov tub rog carbine, uas nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj ntau tus neeg sib tw txawv teb chaws, tau siv zog los ntawm lub sijhawm tsim mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov khoom xa tawm thiab kho dua tshiab tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Bulgaria, Poland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab Finland. Tom qab tsim lub Balkan Union, ntau tshaj 50 txhiab kev hloov kho tau xa mus rau Bulgarian cov tub rog. Hauv tebchaws Poland, analogues tau tsim nyob rau hauv WZ kos npe. Txij li thaum xyoo 1943, cov phom no tau ua tub rog tub rog tub rog ntawm thawj pawg Polish. Nyob rau hauv Thib Peb Reich, cov phom tau hu ua Gewehr. Lub Finns tau hloov kho tshiab ntawm Mosin carbines li M-24/27/29.
