Ukraine. Lugansk cheeb tsam

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, tsuas yog cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no thiab yav dhau los cov pej xeem ntawm USSR tau hnov txog thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine. Hnub no, cheeb tsam Lugansk yog nyob ntawm txhua tus daim di ncauj.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

cheeb tsam Luhansk yog thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub tiaj uas khiav los ntawm lub hav ntawm tus dej. Seversky Donets. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm nws yog Donetsk Ridge, thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb yog spurs ntawm Central Russia Upland. Ua tsaug rau cov huab cua zoo thiab qhov chaw zoo, thaj chaw no yeej ib txwm muaj neeg nyob. Lub cheeb tsam Luhansk ciam teb ntawm Donetsk (sab hnub poob) thiab Kharkov (sab qaum teb sab hnub poob) thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ciam teb ntev nrog Russia. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, nws ciam teb ntawm Voronezh, Belgorod, Rostov cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Key Features

cheeb tsam Luhansk stretches ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb rau 250 km. Los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, nws qhov ntev yog 190 km. Thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Luhansk yog 26.7 txhiab km, uas yog 4.4% ntawm Ukrainian av. Qhov kev pab ntawm thaj av ntawd yog ib qho undulating dawb nce los ntawm Seversky Donets mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb.

Educational History

Tau ntau pua xyoo ib thaj chaw no, hu ua Wild Field,cais Russia los ntawm Crimean Khanate. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVI. cov kev pab tiv thaiv pib tsim ntawm no. Lub sijhawm no, muaj ntau tus tub rog muaj koob muaj npe tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw no. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XVII. ib cheeb tsam keeb kwm tshiab tau tsim ntawm no - Slobozhanshchina. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sib sau ua ke cov thee cheeb tsam mus rau hauv ib tug tag nrho, nyob rau hauv 1919 lub xeev Donetsk tau tsim nrog lub chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Lugansk, uas muaj mus txog rau thaum 1925. Los ntawm 1925 txog 1930 muaj lub nroog Lugansk. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1925, cov xeev hauv Ukraine tau raug tshem tawm, thiab hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv tau los ua tus thawj coj ncaj qha rau Ukrainian SSR.

cheeb tsam Luhansk tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no hauv xyoo 1958. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, txij li kev faib ntawm cheeb tsam Stalin xyoo 1938, nws tau hu ua Voroshilovgrad. Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe qub tau rov qab los rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1970 txog 1990. Ces nws tau txiav txim siab rov xaiv qhov kev xaiv thib ob. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, thaj av Lugansk tseem yog ib feem ntawm Ukraine ywj siab.

Mineral resources

Cov cheeb tsam no muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov nyiaj tso ntawm cov thee zoo. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub billions ntawm tons. Ib feem peb ntawm lawv yog coking, thiab ob feem peb yog anthracites. Natural gas deposits kuj tau pom ntawm no. Sandstone, limestone, marl, chalk, thiab ntau yam av nplaum tau pom nyob rau hauv ob peb cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk. Mineral water springs nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Lugansk, Lisichansk, Severodonetsk, Starobelsk.

Climatic tej yam kev mob

Kev nyab xeeb huab cua nyob sab av loj yeej nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Luhansk. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, qhov nruab nrab kub yog -15 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj+35 ° C. Thaj chaw no muaj lub caij ntuj no txias heev. Nws tshwj xeeb feature yog ntse sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj cua thiab hnyav frosts. Lub caij ntuj sov no yog kub thiab qhuav. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub cheeb tsam Luhansk yog sov, qhuav thiab tshav ntuj. Los nag yog kwv yees li 500 hli hauv ib xyoos.

Fertile av yog dab tsi Ukraine ib txwm muaj npe nrov rau. cheeb tsam Luhansk nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis muaj kev zam. Chernozems nyob ntawm no. Lub thickness ntawm fertile txheej nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ncav cuag 1-1.5 m tuab. Soddy av kuj muaj nyob ntawm no. Feem ntau ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk yog steppe. Muaj ob peb hav zoov nyob ntawm no - lawv nyob kwv yees li 7% ntawm thaj tsam thaj tsam.

kev lag luam

Qhov chaw thaj chaw zoo ntawm thaj av tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ib thaj tsam ntawm cov av uas tau tsim los ntev. Nws cov txiaj ntsig yog:

• ze rau thaj chaw nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv raw, xws li North Caucasus, cheeb tsam Dnieper, thaj av Dub ntawm Russia;
• muaj kev txhim kho zoo ntawm txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau;
• sib thooj ntawm cov chaw lag luam loj thiab cheeb tsam (Kharkov, Center of Russia, Rostov-on-Don).

Dab tsi yog cheeb tsam Luhansk nto moo rau? 2014 coj kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov sectors ntawm kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam no. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, mining thiab tshuaj industries, hnyav engineering, metallurgy, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb vam meej nyob rau hauv nws. Cov cheeb tsam no yog ib qho ntawm tsib feem ntau tsim kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Txog li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej ua haujlwm thiab kwv yees li 4.6% ntawm lub teb chaws cov cuab tam ruaj khov tau tsom rau ntawm no. Kev lag luam yog thawj ceg ntawm kev lag luam. Nwssib koom hauv cov khoom lag luam tag nrho suav nrog peb lub hlis twg.

Industrial complex ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk

Nyob hauv ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk, kev lag luam ua haujlwm tau ua tus coj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntim ntawm ntau lawm, nws feem yog hais txog 72%. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov lag luam ntawm cov roj refining, coke ntau lawm, mechanical engineering, petrochemical thiab tshuaj industries. Nroj tsuag rau kev tsim cov khoom siv pulp thiab ntawv, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom siv hauv tsev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam. Cov khoom ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk tuaj yeem pom tsis tsuas yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine, tab sis kuj nyob deb dhau nws ciam teb. Cov lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av no yog Lavxias Federation.

cheeb tsam kev lag luam

Muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam hnyav hauv cheeb tsam. Cov roj thiab lub zog ua haujlwm tseem tsim tawm ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam mining. Lawv suav txog li 18% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntim. Kev lag luam extractive feem ntau yog cov lag luam thee. Lub cheeb tsam Luhansk nyob rau hauv lub industrial complex ntawm lub teb chaws sawv tawm rau nws scale ntawm thee mining, thawj cov roj refining peev xwm, zus tau tej cov cuab yeej tshuab, qhov rais iav, hluavtaws resins, yas, dej qab zib tshauv, thawv board.

3 qhov chaw lag luam loj tshaj plaws tau tsim hauv thaj av no:

• Lugansk - nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev lag luam hlau, lub tshuab tsim, kev lag luam teeb.
• Lysichansko-Rubezhansko-Severodonetsky -kev lag luam ntawm petrochemical, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
• Alchevsko-Stakhanovskiy - metallurgical, thee thiab tshuab-tsev complexes.

Nyob rau hauv qeb duas ntawm 100 lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws hauv Ukraine yog:

• JSC Alchevsk Metallurgical Cog.
• PP Rovenkianthracite.
• GAEK Luganskoblenergo.
• Zhidachevsky Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb.
• SE Severodonetsk Azot.
• Stakhanov Ferroalloy cog.
• JSC Linos.
• JSC Lisichanskaya Soda.

Agriculture

Lub zos ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb hauv thaj chaw no. Cov neeg tsim khoom tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov roj (sunflower) thiab nplej (lub caij ntuj no nplej, pob kws) cov qoob loo. Tsiaj txhu thiab zaub cog yog tsim heev. Cov neeg nyob deb nroog tsa cov nyuj thiab nyuj, npua, thiab yaj. Kev ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib yog tsim tau zoo hauv cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov kev ua liaj ua teb yog concentrated nyob rau hauv 19 pawg tswj hwm. Lawv muab faib ua 3 thaj chaw tsim khoom (nyob ntawm cov av-climatic thiab kev lag luam): sab qab teb, sab qaum teb thiab suburban. Ntawm qhov pov tseg ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yog 2.2 lab hectares ntawm thaj av, ntawm 1.3 lab hectares yog thaj chaw sown. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub pab khaws cov qoob loo ntau yam, zaub thiab melons.

Cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Luhansk

cheeb tsam Luhansk yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm nroog loj. Hauv cheeb tsam no, txog 86,5% ntawm cov pejxeem nyob hauv nroog. Qhov ceev yog 96 tus neeg rau 1 sq. km. Daim duab no yog lub xya ntawm tag nrho cov nroog Ukrainian. Ntau tshaj 53% ntawm cov pejxeem yog poj niam. Kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam yog cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm. Muaj 706 tus menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus laus hauv ib txhiab tus neeg muaj peev xwm. Kev yug me nyuam hauv cheeb tsam yog 6.1 ppm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cheeb tsam Luhansk tau khaws cia qhov kev poob qis hauv cov pejxeem. Lub ntuj poob hauv cheeb tsam tswj hwm tsis zoo ib yam.

Hauv xyoo 2013, cov pejxeem ntawm thaj av Lugansk muaj txog 2.3 lab tus tib neeg. Cov cheeb tsam no nyob qib 6 nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 01.01.2014 txog 01.09. Hauv xyoo 2014, cov pej xeem poob los ntawm 6.6 txhiab tus neeg.

National composition

Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm 104 haiv neeg (nationalities) nyob hauv cheeb tsam Lugansk. Qhov feem ntawm Ukrainians yog me ntsis ntau tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Russians - txog 40%. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ze Lugansk. Lwm cov neeg sawv cev suav nrog Belarusians (1%) thiab Tatars (tsawg dua 1%).

Kev ntseeg

Ukraine (xws li thaj tsam Luhansk) yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj ntau qhov kev lees txim. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj av tau txiav txim siab, muaj 45 thaj chaw ntawm kev ntseeg. Lawv tau sawv cev los ntawm 791 cov koom haum kev ntseeg (764 cov zej zog, 10 lub cheeb tsam tswj hwm thiab koom haum, 5 lub tsev kawm ntawv, 6 lub luag haujlwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig, 6 lub tsev teev ntuj). Muaj 188 lub tsev kawm hnub Sunday nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk, lub tsev teev ntuj koom nyob rau hauv 1107txiv plig.

Ntawm tag nrho cov zej zog hauv cheeb tsam:

• 58, 2% - Orthodox (444 zej zog);
• 24, 2% Protestants (185);
• 14% - tsis yog kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev ntseeg tshiab (107);
• 1, 7% - Cov neeg Yudais (13);
• 1, 3% - Muslims (10);
• 0, 5% - Greek Catholics (4 lub koom txoos);
• 0, 1% - Roman Catholic (1 zej zog).

Administrative divisions

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk: Troitsky, Starobelsky, Slavyanoserbsky, Stanichno-Lugansky, Sverdlovsky, Svatovsky, Perevalsky, Popasnyansky, Novopskovsky, Melovsky, Novoaydarsky, Markovsky, Kremenskoy, Lutuginsky, Krasnodarts. Nws muaj 933 qhov chaw, uas:

• 37 - nroog (14 - cheeb tsam thiab 23 - koog tsev kawm ntawv);
• 109 - kev nyob hauv nroog;
• 787 - sat.

Ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam muaj: 17 koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab 37 lub nroog pawg sab laj, 84 lub zos thiab 206 lub zos pawg sab laj.

Industrial centers

Dhau li ntawm Luhansk, uas yog lub chaw lag luam loj ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj ntawm Ukraine, lwm qhov chaw nyob ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm thaj av. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, Sverdlovsk. Lub cheeb tsam Luhansk yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv me me kev sib haum xeeb ntau yam lag luam ua hauj lwm. Ntawm no yog: thee ua complex "Sverdlovanthracite", GOAO "Mayak", lub tuam txhab Canadian East Coal Company, JV "Intersplav", OJSC "Sverdlovsk Tshuab-Lub Tsev Cog", ib tug miningkhoom siv. Sverdlovsk (Lugansk cheeb tsam) muaj nyob rau hauv nws subordination: lub nroog ntawm Chernopartizansk, 6 nroog-hom chaw nyob (Volodarsk, Pavlovka, Kalininsky, Leninsky, Shakhtersky, Fedorovka), 3 lub zos (Kiselyovo, Prokhladny, Ustinovka), 7 lub zos Malesom (Kiselyovo, Prokhladny, Ustinovka), 7 lub zos (Kiselyovo, Prokhladny, Ustinovka)., Utkino, Matveevka, Rytikovo, Antrakop, Provalye) thiab Ivashchensky ua liaj ua teb.

Lub nroog ntawm cheeb tsam Luhansk

Qhov siab ntawm nroog loj hauv cheeb tsam no tau hais ua ntej. Cov neeg feem coob nyob hauv nroog thiab ntau lub zos. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov lag luam loj loj. Lub nroog ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk, cov pejxeem uas tshaj 18 txhiab tus neeg, yog: Lugansk (424.1 txhiab tus neeg), Alchevsk (110.5), Severodonetsk (108.9), Lisichansk (103.5), Krasny Luch (82, 2), Stakhanov (77, 2), Sverdlovsk (64, 9), Rubezhnoye (60, 0), Anthracite (54, 2), Rovenki (47, 4), Bryanka (46, 8), Krasnodon (44, 0), Pervomaisk (38), 2), Kirovsk (28, 2), Perevalsk (25, 7), Molodogvardeysk (23, 1), Popasnaya (21, 8), Sukhodolsk (20, 9), Kremennaya (20, 1).

Language situation

Cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam Lugansk hais feem ntau ob hom lus. Xyoo 2001, 30% ntawm thaj av cov pej xeem suav hais tias yog Ukrainian ua lawv hom lus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov feem pua ntawm no txawv heev, nyob ntawm seb hom kev sib haum xeeb. Yog li, tsuas yog 25.5% ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog xav txog Ukrainian ua lawv hom lus. Hauv cov zos, daim duab no nce mus txog 63.8%. Tsuas yog 40% ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv cheeb tsam qhia hauv Ukrainian. Hauv qee lub nroogtsis muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv Ukrainian lus txhua. Cov cheeb tsam Russified tshaj plaws yog: Perevalsky (77%), Stanichno-Lugansky (68%) thiab Lutuginsky (73%).