Chav kawm ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv, tsev

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Hauv European Union, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb thiab cov tsev yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tso cai rau tus neeg yuav khoom los txiav txim siab cov chav kawm siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nkag siab meej txog yam khoom siv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas lawv muaj. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav, ib tug neeg muaj lub sijhawm los sib piv cov qauv sib txawv nrog rau ib leeg thiab xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Cov chav kawm kev siv hluav taws xob tau qhia los ntawm Latin cov ntawv sau los ntawm A txog G. Raws li, chav kawm A yuav siv lub zog tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab G.

Definition

Txawm hais tias ib qho kev ntsuas tau tsim los qhia txog cov nqi hluav taws xob, txhua yam khoom (tsev, khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb) muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, lub tub yees uas tau ntsuas A ++ yuav kos txog 27 watts ib teev twg, thaum lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws nrog tib qhov kev ntsuas yuav cua 860 watts tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no lees paub tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas los txiav txim lub zog efficiency, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tiaspawg sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv. Tib yam siv tau rau tsev thiab tsheb, vim lawv yog cov khoom sib txawv kiag li.

Lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub tub yees

Tus cwj pwm ntawm txhua chav ua noj niaj hnub yog lub tub yees. Feem ntau, xaiv cov cuab yeej no, tus tswv yav tom ntej tsis txawm xav txog kev lag luam li cas ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nws tseem ceeb heev. Lub zog txuag hluav taws xob ntawm lub tub yees yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov kev lees paub dav dav tau piav qhia saum toj no. Los ntawm txoj kev, hais txog qhov no, nws tsim nyog hais tias txij li xyoo 2003 tau ntxiv ob chav kawm ntxiv - A + thiab A ++, tom kawg suav tias yog kev lag luam tshaj plaws.

Cov kev suav uas tau ua ua ntej muab qhov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom lag luam yog qhov nyuaj heev. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv txawv chamber, thiab lawv ntim, thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm tej yam tshiab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los twv tias lub tub yees loj dua, yuav siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias nws yuav yog cov chav kawm qis. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv nws qeb "qhov hnyav", nws tuaj yeem yog kev lag luam. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev kom paub, vim tias daim ntawv nplaum feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom, uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhia lub npe ntawm cov qauv, qhov ntim ntawm txhua lub chamber, qhov kub thiab txias, kev siv hluav taws xob hauv ib xyoos thiab, yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom xav tau, lub suab nrov. Tau kawg, qhov no muaj nyob hauv phau ntawv qhia.

Lub tswv yim txuag hluav taws xob

Yuav kom txuag tau nyiaj, nws txaus los ua raws li ob peb txoj cai uas yuav tsis tsuas yog txuas lub tub yees, tab sis kuj ua rau koj tsis nco qab txog cov chav kawm.zog efficiency rau ib pliag. Nov yog cov tseem ceeb:

• Qhov tau hais thaum yau - koj tsis tuaj yeem tso cov khoom kub hauv lub tub yees. Qhov kub ntawm lub tais yuav tsum nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, vim hais tias lub zog noj yuav tsum tau kom txias lub boiling dej yog heev tseem ceeb.
• Qhib qhov rooj thaum tsim nyog. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj qhib lub tub yees ntev ntev, nws yuav puv nrog cua sov uas yuav tsum tau txias.
• Lub tub yees yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov khoom uas ua kom sov ntau zaus (radiators, qhov cub, qhov cub). Tom qab tag nrho, cov cua sov yuav raug xa mus rau lub cuab yeej no, uas yuav ua rau cov nqi tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua kom txias.
• Qhov kub ntawm lub tub yees yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau qhov siab tshaj plaws yog tias cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv nws tsis yog npaj los khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Txhua qib yuav txuag tau li 5% ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv.

Lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws

Feem ntau, thaum xaiv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, cov neeg siv khoom tau mloog zoo rau nws cov qauv tsim thiab muaj peev xwm, tsis nco qab txog cov chav kawm siv hluav taws xob. Lwm qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog cov chav ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab spinning, uas tau soj ntsuam ntawm tib qhov ntsuas. Rov qab rau xyoo 1992, European Union tau txiav txim siab cov cai rau kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov cuab yeej no rau 1 kg ntawm linen. Yog li ntawd, ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm kab no muaj cov ntawv nplaum uas qhia meej rau tus neeg yuav khoom kev lag luam ntawm tus qauv no.

Yog tias qhov no yog chav kawm A +, ces lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum tsis txhob haus ntau tshaj 0.17 kWib teev rau 1 kg ntawm khaub ncaws. Qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws yog rau cov khoom siv uas "rub" ntau dua 0.39 kW ib teev twg rau 1 kg ntawm kev ntxuav. Qhov ntsuas no tau txiav txim siab raws li lub voj voog ntxuav ntawm cov paj rwb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 degrees.

Yooj yim txuag

Raws li lub tub yees, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws siv hluav taws xob ntau, yog li koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas txuag nyiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej no. Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum nkag siab yog qhov loj loj tsis yog ib txwm zoo. Thaum muas xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai mus tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub zog efficiency ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj mus rau lub ntim ntawm lub nruas. Yog tias ib tsev neeg muaj ob lossis peb tus neeg, ces nws yuav tsis xav tau lub tsheb uas muaj qhov hnyav tshaj 3 kg, yog tias tawm ntawm plaub lossis rau - tsis pub tshaj 5 kg ntawm load, ntau tshaj xya tus neeg - 6-7. kg yuav ua li cas. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi tsim nyog.

Txoj cai thib ob yog thauj lub nruas kom tiav, thiab tsis txhob ntxuav nws ib zaug. Lub tswv yim thib peb yog xaiv qhov kev pab cuam uas yuav tsis ntev heev, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yuav zoo. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias, vim nws yog rau cov dej cua sov uas siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tig nws mus tas li ntawm 90 degrees, vim tias cov hmoov yaj tag lawm ntawm 40.

tshuab ntxuav tais diav muaj zog

Lwm yam khoom siv nrov uas ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua rau txhua tus niam tsev yog lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav. Nws txuag tau tsawg kawg yog 7800 litres dej hauv ib xyoos, vim nws siv tib cov dej ntau zaus. Raws li nrog rau lwm cov txheej txheem, nws muaj ib daim ntawv nplaum uasqhia lub zog efficiency chav kawm. Koj tuaj yeem kawm nws hauv tsev lossis hauv khw. Daim ntawv lo yuav qhia rau koj paub tias cov khoom siv no siv nyiaj npaum li cas, nws yog qauv, pes tsawg lub tais tuaj yeem thauj khoom ntawm no, thiab yuav siv dej ntau npaum li cas.

chav zog yog xam raws li hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas los ntxuav ib txheej ntawm cov tais diav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no feem ntau ua haujlwm ntsiag to txaus uas nws tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias hmo ntuj.

Little secrets

Raws li cov xwm txheej dhau los, muaj cov lus zais rau kev siv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav uas yuav txo koj cov nqi them nqi. Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum tau thauj cov cuab yeej no, yog tias ua tau, kom tsis muaj qhov chaw seem seem. Tab sis yog tias muaj ob peb lub tais, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv ib nrab load hom, yog tias muaj. Nws txuag dej thiab hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tais diav yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov zaub mov loj lossis lwm yam kab mob, thiab tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua txias

Thaum nws kub tsis txias sab nraum, koj xav nkaum qhov chaw txias. Cua txias pab nrog qhov no. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws cools huab cua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nws heats. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov chav kawm ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua txias yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li lawv lub peev xwm ua khawv koob los cawm ib tug neeg los ntawm kev kub dhau los yog khov. EU Cov Lus Qhia kom meej meej qhia tias daim ntawv lo rau cov khoom siv no yuav tsum yog dab tsi. Ntau chav kawm tau tsim rau lawv pawg, uastxhais:

• ntau hom kev ua haujlwm (tsuas yog txias lossis cua sov muaj);
• hom cua txias yog nruab (dej lossis cua);
• configuration.

Txhua qhov ntsuas no cuam tshuam rau chav kawm. Piv txwv li, hom cua sov ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv.

YComputer Technology

Qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yog kev txhim kho sai heev ntawm IT technologies. Txhua tsev neeg tau ntev tau txais lub computer lossis laptop thiab siv nws txhua hnub. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog xav txog seb cov txheej txheem no yuav txuag nyiaj li cas, thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau cov peev nyiaj txhua hli. Lub zog txuag hluav taws xob ntawm lub khoos phis tawj tseem tsis tau tswj hwm qhov twg los xij, tab sis txhua tus paub tias cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tus nqi qis dua. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua feem ntawm lub processor siv ib tug npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, uas entails tej nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, chav kawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub khoos phis tawj nyob ntawm seb nws nyob ruaj ruaj lossis lub laptop me me.

Hauv thawj kis, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub chaw ua haujlwm PC siv qhov nruab nrab tsis pub tshaj 100 W ib teev twg, hauv tsev - txog 200 W ib teev, kev ua si - 300-600 W ib teev twg. Cov duab no yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov khoom siv no hnyav npaum li cas. Tab sis nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias cov khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm yog qhov kev lag luam tshaj plaws. Chav kawm siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv rau cov khoos phis tawj. Nws nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis qhov nruab nrab tus nqi yog 50 watts ib teev. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev lag luam, qhov kawgkev xaiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov siv tau thiab siv qhov chaw tsawg dua.

txhawm rau txo cov hluav taws xob siv, koj yuav tsum ua si tsawg dua "hnyav" ua si nrog cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb zoo, tsis txhob khiav ib pawg ntawm cov haujlwm tsis tsim nyog tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob ua kom lub ntsej muag ci rau lub qhov siab tshaj plaws, tab sis tsuas yog txo nws mus rau qib xis nyob.

tshuab luam ntawv

Lwm yam khoom uas tau ruaj khov rau hauv peb lub tsev nrog rau lub computer yog lub tshuab luam ntawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim muaj ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tas li yuav tsum tau luam tawm ib yam dab tsi. Txhua qhov chaw muaj ntau lub khw uas qhov no ua tiav rau tus nqi. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim, vim tias lawv tsis ua haujlwm thaum sawv ntxov lossis yav tsaus ntuj, thiab luam ntawv hauv tsev yog pheej yig dua. Thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej no, lawv tau coj los ntawm nws cov khoom siv ntau yam (lub tshuab luam ntawv, tshuab luam ntawv, xim thiab luam ntawv dub-thiab-dawb). Lub zog efficiency ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv yog tsis tshua muaj coj mus rau hauv tus account, uas tsis yog. Txawm hais tias nws tsis raug tswj nyob qhov twg, zoo li lwm yam khoom siv hauv computer, nws tseem tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas kom tsis muaj kev xav tsis thoob tom qab.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb meej rau cov lus nug ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv siv hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas hauv ib teev, vim tias txhua tus qauv yuav txawv ntawm lwm tus. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm daim ntawv nplaum tshwj xeeb lossis phau ntawv qhia. Tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab ntawm cov nqi uas ua rau lub tshuab luam ntawv laser -2-3 kW ib teev twg, rau lub dav hlau - mus txog 150 W, tab sis cov nuj nqis no yog kwv yees heev. Txhawm rau txuag ntawm cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ntawm lub network, yog tias tsis xav tau lub tshuab luam ntawv tam sim no, txij li txawm tias nyob rau hauv hom standby nws tuaj yeem ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ntau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tua nws.

Lamps

Qhov uas tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv tsev yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj lub teeb ci. Nws yuav zoo li nws yuav yooj yim dua. Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, muaj cov chav kawm siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov teeb uas yuav tsum tau qhia ntawm lub ntim. Ib txwm rau peb yog lub zog ntawm 75 thiab 100 watts, tab sis nws yog suav tias yog kim heev. Hloov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov teeb, cov chav kawm uas yuav yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj tib theem ntawm qhov ci, qhov ntws ntawm lub teeb tsis zoo dua, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv nyob ntev dua. Lawv cov nqi siab them tag nrho thiab tseem txuag nyiaj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Buildings

Lwm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no yog chav kawm siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev. Yuav txhais li cas, thiab nws yuav txhais li cas? Muaj ntau ntau yam uas cov tsev tau muab rau ib chav kawm tshwj xeeb:

• Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov tseeb thiab cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas uas pom lub zog siv rau qhov cua thiab cua sov.
• Hom tsev, cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim.

Ib chav kawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev tau raug xa mus tom qab kuaj xyuas thiab sib piv nrog cov nqi siv. Raws li qhov no, tus tsim tawm lossis tus tswv tau muab daim ntawv hla tebchaws tshwj xeeb. Lub zog efficiency chav kawm ntawm ib lub tsev yog nyob rau tib lub teev raws lithiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev, piv txwv li los ntawm A mus rau E, qhov A tso cai tsawg dua 45 feem pua ntawm cov qauv, thiab E ntau dua 51%.

iab kev paub qhia tias feem ntau cov tsev siab siab muaj kev lag luam qis heev. Thawj qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub tsev. Tom qab tag nrho, ntau lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Khrushchev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog xav txog lub fact tias yog hais tias koj hloov lub qhov rais thiab insulate lub phab ntsa, ces lub zog efficiency ntawm lub tsev yuav nce ho. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus. Cov tsev tshiab uas tshwm sim ib xyoos ib zaug yuav tsum yog cov chav kawm siab. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tab tom ua raws li European cov qauv, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub zog efficiency ntawm lub tsev. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau li cas yog tias qhov no tshwm sim tiag tiag? Thaum muas ib chav tsev, koj yuav tsum xav tau ib daim ntawv hla tebchaws technical rau lub tsev, qhov twg tag nrho cov no yuav raug qhia.

Yog li, cov thev naus laus zis txuag hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua zam tsis ntev los no. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias kev txuag nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav ib yam dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub seb lub zog efficiency ntawm cov khoom no belongs rau.