Kev tawm tsam rau pawg neeg tsav dav hlau Asmeskas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet Navy tam sim tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Nws yog rau lub hom phiaj no uas "killers" ntawm cov dav hlau thauj khoom pib tsim - Soviet tshwj xeeb submarines ntawm Antey 949A project.
Pib ntawm kev tsim
Nyob rau xyoo 1960, cov neeg tsim qauv Soviet tau ua haujlwm ntawm ob txoj haujlwm sib txuas. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm OKB-52 tau koom nrog lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws tshiab uas tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab nkoj tsim, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Rubin Central Design Bureau tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws thib peb. Nws tau npaj ntxiv los siv los ua tus nqa khoom rau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws tshiab. Cov tub rog xav tau ob qho tib si muaj zog thiab siv tau zoo heev uas muaj peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab nkoj pawg, thiab lub nkoj submarine nrog siab ste alth thiab dhia dej tob. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tom qab modernization ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm submarines, cov qualities yuav ua ke submarines ntawm chav kawm ntawv."Antey".
Granite 949 Project
Xyoo 1969, Navy tau teeb tsa cov neeg tsim qauv hauv Soviet ua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub submarine tshiab. Lub missile uas nws thauj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Nws yuav tsum muaj kev kub ceev: yam tsawg 2500 km / h.
- Range - 500 km.
- Tsim los tso tawm los ntawm ob qho tib si hauv qab dej thiab saum npoo av. Nws tau npaj los siv rau hauv submarines thiab nkoj ntog.
Vim tias feem ntau cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv huab cua echeloned tawg los ntawm "pawg" ntawm ob lub kaum os missiles, cov tub rog Soviet tau xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm tua tau hauv ib lub gulp. Raws li cov neeg tsim khoom, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv nkoj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, ntxiv rau kev kub ceev thiab loj loj ntawm lub taub hau, txhawm rau txhim kho lawv nrog cov cuab yeej txhim khu kev qha uas muab lub hom phiaj tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav.
Success System
Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thawj zaug Soviet qhov chaw, cov khoom nto tau kuaj pom thiab saib xyuas. "Success" muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- Txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm huab cua.
- Cov khoom tau nqa tawm ntawm thaj chaw loj.
- Yam tsis tau tus yeeb ncuab.
Lub hom phiaj tau xa mus rau cov neeg nqa riam phom thiab cov lus txib. Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Northern Machine-Building Enterprise. Xyoo 1980, thawj Arkhangelsk nuclear submarine tau ua tiav raws li qhov project 949, thiab hauv 1983, Murmansk.
Antey nuclear submarines, project 949A
Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm Granit tiav, kev tsim qauv tau ua tiav raws li qhov project siab dua. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nws tau teev tseg raws li 949 A "Antey". Lub submarine, vim yog cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab thiab ib qho chaw ntxiv, muaj kev txhim kho sab hauv, ua kom ntev thiab hloov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tau tswj hwm kom muaj kev nyeem ntawv zais ntawm lub nkoj nquam nkoj no.
Thaum pib, nws tau npaj yuav tso nees nkaum nuclear submarines raws li Antey project. Submarine K-148 "Krasnodar" yog suav hais tias yog thawj zaug nuclear submarine ntawm chav kawm no. Nws twb launched nyob rau hauv 1986. Tsis ntev tom qab no submarine K-173 Krasnoyarsk tau npaj txhij. Tam sim no, cov submarines no nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm pov tseg. Txawm hais tias qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm nees nkaum nuclear submarines tau npaj los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet, tsuas yog kaum ib units tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm Antey. Submarine K-141 "Kursk" ntawm 1994 tau poob rau lub Yim Hli 2000.
NPS nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fleet
Tam sim no, cov nram qab no Antey-class nuclear submarines tau ua haujlwm nrog Lavxias Navy:
- K-119 Voronezh (Northern Fleet).
- K-132 Irkutsk (Pacific Fleet).
- K-410 Smolensk (Northern Fleet).
- K-456 Tver (Pacific).
- K-442 Chelyabinsk (Pacific Fleet).
- K-266 Eagle (tam sim no tab tom kho).
- K-186 Omsk (Pacific).
- K-150 "Tomsk". (Pacificfleet).
Lwm submarine K-135 Volgograd tsim nyob rau hauv qhov project 949 "Antey" tam sim no mothballed. Thiab K-139 "Belgorod" yuav ua tiav raws li qhov project 09852.
NPS ntaus ntawv 949
Antey-type submarines muaj ob txoj hauv kev: lub teeb sab nraud cylindrical hydrodynamic hull nyob ib puag ncig sab hauv, uas txawv ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub zog siab. Lub thickness ntawm nws cov phab ntsa ntau tshaj 6 cm. Vim yog ob-hull architecture, nuclear submarines muaj cov nram qab no zoo:
- Submarines yog muab nrog cov buoyancy siab.
- Nuclear submarines tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawg hauv qab dej.
- Submarines tau nce kev hloov chaw.
Lub hull ntawm nuclear submarines muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Torpedo.
- Managerial.
- Sib ntaus sib tua thiab chav xov tooj cua.
- Nyob.
- Department rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab pabcuam.
- Reactor.
- GTZA Department.
- Compartment nrog kiv cua motors.
Thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, lub nkoj nkoj nuclear tau nruab nrog ob thaj chaw (hnub thiab stern) uas cov neeg coob tuaj yeem tos kev cawm. Cov neeg coob muaj 130 tus neeg. Raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tus naj npawb tsis tshaj 112. Nyob rau hauv autonomous hom, lub submarine nyob twj ywm tsis pub dhau 120 hnub.
Description of fais fab nroj tsuag
Lub thaiv GEU nuclear submarine muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclearOK-650B thiab ob chav turbines OK-9. Lawv lub peev xwm yog 98 txhiab liters. nrog. Lawv ua hauj lwm los ntawm comb screws siv gearboxes. Lub nuclear submarine muaj ob tug ntxiv DG-190 diesel generators nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm tsawg kawg yog 8,700 hp. s.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm submarine
Rau lub nkoj nkoj nuclear "Antey" hydroacoustic systems MGK-540 "Skat-3" thiab cov tshuab muab chaw tshawb nrhiav, lub hom phiaj tsim thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm submarine tau muab. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub satellite lossis ib lub dav hlau nkag mus rau hauv submarine siv cov kav hlau txais xov tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Antey-chav submarines tau nruab nrog lub kav hlau txais xov catfish.
Nws qhov chaw yog lub stabilizer stern. Hom buoy ntawm Zubatka kav hlau txais xov yog tsim los kom tau txais xov tooj cua xov tooj cua thiab cov teeb liab los ntawm lub nkoj uas nyob rau hauv qhov tob heev los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab txheej ntawm dej khov.
Navigation hauv submarine yog muab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb Symphony-U complex. Cov neeg raug siab, qhov ntev thiab ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov system navigation.
Dab tsi yog submarines armed nrog?
Lub foob pob ntawm Antey-class nuclear submarine yog sawv cev los ntawm ob hom:
- Anti-ship missiles (ASM) P-700 "Granit" (24 units). Ob sab ntawm lub tsev nyob tom qab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub siab hull (qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub submarine) tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov thawv foob pob hluav taws. Txhawm rau kaw lawv, siv cov ntaub npog tshwj xeeb, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov rooj plaub sab nrauv. Lub thawv yog ntsia ntawm qhov inclination ntawm 40 degrees. Missiles tauyuav siv tau ob qho tib si pa (hnyav txog li 750 kg) thiab nruab nrog nuclear warheads. PRK txav ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 2.5 m / s thiab tsim rau kev ncua mus txog 550 km.
- Mine-torpedo raj (plaub daim). Ob tug ntawm lawv muaj ib tug caliber ntawm 533 hli, tus so - 650 hli. Lawv tau tsim los tua ob qho tib si torpedoes thiab torpedo missiles. Lub hneev nti ntawm lub nkoj nkoj nuclear tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv no. Vim yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj khoom tsis siv neeg, riam phom torpedo muaj qhov hluav taws kub siab. Hauv ob peb feeb xwb, tag nrho cov mos txwv, suav nrog foob pob hluav taws torpedoes (12 units) thiab torpedoes (16 units), tuaj yeem raug tua los ntawm Antey submarine.
Specifications
- NPS hla dej muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm 12 txhiab 500 cubic meters. m.
- Kev tshem tawm hauv qab dej yog 22 txhiab 500 cubic meters. m.
- Antey-chav nkoj nkoj tuaj yeem ncav cuag nrawm txog 15 pob hauv dej.
- Cov dej hauv qab lawv qhov nrawm dua: 32 pob.
- Submarines tuaj yeem dhia mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 600m.
- Lub nkoj nquam nkoj tuaj yeem nyob offline rau 120 hnub.
Expediency of serial production of "Anteev"
Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias, Antey-chav kawm nuclear submarine yog qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cov tub rog dav hlau hais txog nws cov txiaj ntsig. Nyob rau hauv 1980, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim ib tug nuclear submarine tsis tshaj 227 lab rubles (tsuas yog 10% ntawm tus nqi ntawm American Roosevelt). Tab sis kev ua tau zoo ntawm Soviet nuclear submarine tau siab heev: "Antey" yog qhov txaus ntshairau ib lub dav hlau thauj khoom thiab cov nkoj nrog. Raws li lwm cov kws tshaj lij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "Anteev" yog overstated. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nuclear submarines yog ships nrog ib tug nqaim tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub hom phiaj dav hlau thauj khoom.
Zoo kawg
Hnub no, kev txhim kho ntawm xyoo 1980 yog suav tias yog qhov qub heev. Hauv qhov no, xyoo 2011 nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov Granit-700 cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv nkoj nrog ntau dua Onyx thiab Caliber missiles.
Qhov no yuav ua rau "Antey" dhau los ua lub cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb los daws ntau yam teeb meem.
