Cov khoom plig muaj koob muaj npe tau nthuav tawm txhua xyoo hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tsom mus rau lawv, ntau tus txiav txim siab seb lawv yuav nyeem dab tsi nyob rau yav tom ntej, cov neeg txawj sau ntawv zoo li cas tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb, leej twg yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm. Rau cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov neeg sau lus, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los qhia lawv tus kheej rau pej xeem, kom muaj npe nrov thiab nrov.
khoom plig muaj koob npe tshaj
Tau kawg, kev sib cav txog phau ntawv twg qhov khoom plig tseem muaj koob meej tshaj plaws txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no thiab tej zaum yuav tsis ploj mus. Tej zaum tsis muaj leej twg yuav sib cav nrog qhov tseeb tias tsawg kawg qhov khoom plig nto moo tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no yog Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau.
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm tsib qhov khoom plig uas tau tsim los ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm tus tsim dynamite, tus kws tshaj lij Swedish thiab kws tshuaj Alfred Nobel xyoo 1895. Raws li txoj cai, phau ntawv khoom plig no tau txais txiaj ntsig txij li xyoo 1901, nrog rau lwm yam khoom plig hauv physics,chemistry, tshuaj thiab physiology, nrog rau Nobel Peace yam khoom muaj nqis.
Qhov khoom plig thawj zaug tau mus rau Fabkis tus kws sau ntawv Armand Prudhomme, nto moo ua tus kws sau paj huam thiab sau ntawv.
Russian laureates
Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm phau ntawv no tau txais txiaj ntsig, 29 zaug nws tau muab tsub rau cov neeg yeej uas sau ua lus Askiv. Cov kws sau lus Fab Kis tau txais nws 14 zaug. 13 zaug qhov khoom plig tau nthuav tawm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv German, 11 zaug - hauv lus Mev, 7 zaug - hauv Swedish, 6 zaug - hauv Lavxias thiab Italian, 4 zaug - hauv Polish, peb zaug - hauv Danish thiab Norwegian, ob zaug - hauv Greek, Nyiv thiab Suav, thiab ib zaug hauv Arabic, Bengali, Czech, Finnish, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Occitan, Portuguese, Serbian, Turkish thiab Yiddish.
Ntxim qab kawg, txawm tias muaj rau tus kws sau ntawv hauv Lavxias tau yeej Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv, tsuas yog tsib ntawm lawv yog neeg Lavxias. Cov no yog Ivan Bunin, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Sholokhov, Alexander Solzhenitsyn thiab Joseph Brodsky.
Nyob rau xyoo 2015, tus kws sau ntawv Belarusian Lyudmila Aleksievich, uas sau nws cov haujlwm hauv Lavxias, tau los ua tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig. Tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zaum kawg ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv yog tus kws sau ntawv Askiv yug los ntawm Nyij Pooj Kajio Ishiguro.
Kev thuam
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Pawg Neeg Nobel, uas txiav txim siab cov neeg yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig, tau raug thuam ntau zaus. Cov kws tshawb fawb raug liam tias feem ntau cov khoom plig tau muab rau cov kws sau ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, ntawm Western European cov kws sau ntawv muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv Scandinavian, tshwj xeeb tshaj yogSwedes, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim haiv neeg ntawm Nobel nws tus kheej.
Ntau qhov kev lees paub classics ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yeej tsis tau txais qhov khoom plig, txawm hais tias lawv tau raug xaiv tsa dua rau nws. Piv txwv li, cov no yog Federico Garcia Lorca, Thomas Wolfe, Paul Valery, Osip Mandelstam, Robert Frost, Marina Tsvetaeva thiab Anna Akhmatova. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov khoom plig tsis tau muab rau cov neeg sau ntawv hu ua "hom ntawv nyeem" (HG Wells thiab John Tolkien raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj khoom plig), ntxiv rau, cov khoom plig feem ntau raug liam tias yog kev nom kev tswv. Piv txwv li, nws ntseeg tau tias Alexander Solzhenitsyn tau los ua nws tus yeej tsuas yog vim muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas hauv Tsov Rog Txias.
Pulitzer nqi zog
Ntau qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no tau nthuav tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Siv Pulitzer nqi zog rau cov ntawv nyeem, piv txwv li. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv uas raug xaiv tsa rau nws txhua xyoo dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Nws ntseeg tias qhov khoom plig tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1903, thaum cov ntawv xov xwm magnate Jose Pulitzer tau ua lub siab nyiam uas nws tshuav ob lab daus las los tsim cov peev nyiaj los txhawb cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias thaum pib Pulitzer nqi zog tsuas yog muab rau cov dab neeg xwb, tab sis xyoo 1947 qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv. Thawj tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv xyoo 1918 yog Ernest Poole rau "Nws Tsev Neeg". Tsis zoo li Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau, qhov khoom plig no tau muab rau ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis yog rau txhua qhov kev muaj tswv yim hauv kev sib sau.
Cov kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb uas tau txais qhov khoom plig no suav nrog Sinclair Lewis rau "Arrowsmith" (nws tsis lees txais qhov khoom plig), Thornton Wilder rauSaint Louis Choj, John Steinbeck rau Grapes of Wrath, Ernest Hemingway rau Tus Txiv Neej Laus thiab Hiav Txwv, William Faulkner rau Zaj Lus Qhia, Harper Lee rau Tua Mockingbird, John Updike rau Luav Tau Txais Kev nplua nuj, Philip Roth rau "American Pastoral ". Nov yog cov npe ntawm Pulitzer Prize Literature phau ntawv uas tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Andrew Sean Greer yeej 2018 khoom plig rau Less.
2014 dab neeg
Ib qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Pulitzer nqi zog-yeej cov dab neeg ntawm ob peb xyoos dhau los yog Goldfinch los ntawm Donna Tartt.
Tus kws sau npe hu ua nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev hwm ntawm cov duab ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Dutchman Karel Fabricius, pleev xim rau xyoo 1654. Nws qhia txog 13-xyoo-laus Theo Decker, uas tau sawv tom qab tawg ntawm Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Art, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais ib daim duab tsis tshua muaj los ntawm Fabritius thiab lub nplhaib tsis paub los ntawm tus txiv neej laus tuag, uas nws thov kom tshem tawm ntawm museum.
Nyob hauv Donna Tart tus tshiab The Goldfinch, cov tub ntxhais hluas Theo yuav tsum mus ncig ntau lub tsev thiab tsev neeg hauv New York, sim khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom. Daim duab yuav dhau los ua ib hom kev foom phem uas yuav rub mus rau hauv qab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav tig mus rau hauv ib tug straw uas coj nws mus rau qhov kaj.
Danish dab neeg
Muaj ib qho khoom plig hauv ntiaj teb muaj npe tom qab tus kws tshaj lij Danish Hans Christian Andersen. Qhov khoom plig Andersen tau nthuav tawm txhua ob xyoos rau cov menyuam yaus zoo tshaj plaws cov kws sau ntawv, nrog rau cov kws ua yeeb yam thiabillustrators.
Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1965 los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Menyuam Yaus Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm UNESCO. Rau cov menyuam yaus cov kws sau ntawv, nws tseem hu ua Small Nobel Prize, nws muaj koob meej heev.
Ntawm cov neeg tau txais, Astrid Lindgren (1958), Tove Jansson (1966), Katherine Paterson (1998). Xyoo 2018, qhov khoom plig tau mus rau tus kws sau ntawv Nyij Pooj Eiko Kadono, uas nws lub koob meej tau coj los ntawm qhov tshiab "Kiki's Delivery Service", tom qab ntawd tau ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Hayao Miyazaki.
English cov ntaub ntawv
Ib qho khoom plig muaj koob npe tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv Askiv tshwj xeeb yog Booker Prize for Literature. Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm uas raug xaiv tsa rau nws ib txwm tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab cov neeg nyeem.
Qhov khoom plig tau nthuav tawm txij li xyoo 1969. Interestingly, kom txog rau thaum 2013, tsuas yog cov kws sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub UK los yog ib lub teb chaws uas yog ib feem ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua Commonwe alth of Nations yuav tau txais nws. Txij li thaum xyoo 2014, nws tau muab khoom plig rau tus kws sau ntawv uas tau sau ntawv tshiab ua lus Askiv, tsis hais nws nyob qhov twg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tom qab ntawd tsuas yog cov neeg Asmeskas ua tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig.
Qhov khoom plig thawj zaug tau mus rau Percy Howard Newby rau nws qhov tshiab Qhov Yuav Tau Teb. Iris Murdoch, Salman Rushdie, Anthony Byatt, James Kelman, Arundati Roy, Ian McEwan, Yann Martel yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas tau dhau los ua tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig thiab muaj npe nrov hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, qhov khoom plig tau muab rau tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas cov lus hais George Saunders rau nws cov ntawv tshiab "Lincoln hauvbardo"
Yim sib npaug
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm Booker nqi zog yog nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Piv txwv li, txij li thaum 1992, Lavxias teb sab Booker nqi zog tau muab tsub. Nws tau muab khoom plig rau tus kws sau ntawv uas tau sau cov ntawv tshiab hauv Lavxias uas tau luam tawm thawj zaug xyoo tas los.
Nco ntsoov, qhov khoom plig tau tsim los ntawm British Council hauv Russia. Qhov khoom plig tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws uas tau pab txhawb nqa nyiaj rau qhov khoom plig rau cov neeg sau ntawv yeej.
Ntau xyoo dhau los, qee qhov khoom plig tau sim sib tw nrog nws (piv txwv li, Runet Book Prize), tab sis nws tseem yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Xyoo 2018, qhov xwm txheej tu siab tau tshwm sim: cov koom haum tshaj tawm tias thawj zaug lawv nrhiav tsis tau tus neeg txhawb nqa, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab tsis kam muab khoom plig.
Russian Booker Winners
thawj tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig no xyoo 1992 yog Mark Kharitonov rau nws cov ntawv tshiab "Lines of Fate, lossis Milashevich's Chest". Nyob rau hauv lub 90s, qhov puav pheej kuj mus rau Vladimir Makanin rau "Lub rooj npog nrog ntaub thiab nrog ib tug decanter nyob rau hauv nruab nrab", Bulat Okudzhava rau "Lub Abolished Theatre", Georgy Vladimov rau "Tus General thiab nws cov tub rog", Andrei Sergeev rau. "Album for Stamps", Anatoly Azolsky rau "Lub Cage", Alexandra Morozov rau "Alien Letters", Mikhail Butov rau "Kev ywj pheej", xyoo 2000 Mikhail Shishkin rau "Lub Capture ntawm Ishmael" tau los ua tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig.
Nyob rau xyoo 2000, cov npe ntawm cov yeej muaj raws li hauv qab no: Lyudmila Ulitskaya ("Kukotsky's Incident"), OlegPavlov ("Karaganda Deviatiny"), Ruben Gallego ("Dawb ntawm Dub"), Vasily Aksenov ("Voltaireans thiab Voltaireans"), Denis Gutsko ("Tsis Muaj Txoj Kev-Tsev"), Olga Slavnikova ("2017"), Alexander Ilichevsky ("Matisse"), Mikhail Elizarov ("Tus Librarian"), Elena Chizhova ("Lub Sij Hawm ntawm Cov Poj Niam"), Elena Kolyadina ("Paj Hla"), Alexander Chudakov ("Tseeb Tsaus Ntuj Ntiag Tug"), Andrey Dmitriev ("Cov neeg pluag thiab Cov Hluas"), Andrey Volos ("Rov qab mus rau Panjrud"), Vladimir Sharov ("Rov qab mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws"), Alexander Snegirev ("Kev Ntseeg"), Pyotr Aleshkovsky ("Fortress").
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, Alexander Nikolaenko yeej nrog cov ntawv tshiab "Kill Bobrykin. Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Kev Tua Neeg".
In the fantasy world
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws, cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb uas muaj neeg coob coob ntawm cov kiv cua yeej ib txwm muaj kev hwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev mob siab rau ib txwm tau them rau ABS Prize - qhov khoom plig thoob ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv hauv kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm muaj npe tom qab Arkady thiab Boris Strugatsky.
Qhov khoom plig tau nthuav tawm hauv ob pawg - "Cov Lus Tseeb" thiab "Kev thuam thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm". Raws li Boris Strugatsky nws tus kheej tau sau tseg, tus yeej tuaj yeem yog tus sau ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm zoo, txawm tias ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem thiab tsis txaus ntseeg tau siv los ua cov txheej txheem tsim. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no cov koom haum txiav txim siab muaj kev xaiv dav - los ntawm cov ntawv tseeb kev tshawb fawb classic mus rau phantasmagoria thiab grotesques hauv cov style ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov lossis Franz Kafka.
thawj zaug khoom pligXyoo 1999 tau txais Evgeny Lukin rau qhov tshiab "Zone of Justice". Nyob rau hauv 2002, qhov puav pheej mus rau Marina thiab Sergey Dyachenko rau "Valley of Conscience", lub xyoo tom ntej - mus rau Mikhail Uspensky rau "Dawb Horseradish nyob rau hauv ib tug Hemp Field". Dmitry Bykov yeej plaub zaug - rau cov dab neeg sau ntawv, Evacuator, Railway thiab X.
Vyacheslav Rybakov yeej 2017 nrog nws cov ntawv tshiab "Ntawm Furry Back"
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov neeg nyeem Lavxias thiab European kom paub txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tebchaws nyob deb. Cov khoom plig muaj koob muaj npe pab hauv qhov no, uas muab kev taw qhia, piv txwv li, Cov Khoom Plig Neeg Esxias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj.
Nws tau muab khoom plig txij li xyoo 1979 rau kev hais lus thiab paj huam ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv ASEAN lub tebchaws. Peb yuav tsum lees tam sim ntawd ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig nws yuav nyuaj rau peb cov neeg nyeem kom tau raws li cov npe paub.
Nco ntsoov, txhua xyoo cov khoom plig tau nthuav tawm rau ntau tus kws sau ntawv ib zaug. Thawj tus yeej yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam los ntawm Malaysia, Abdul Samad Said. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nto moo yog cov ntawv dab neeg "Tsis muaj Honeymoon ntawm Fatehpur Sikir", "Silent River", "Morning Rain", "Tus Tij Laug Me Nyuam Tuaj Txog".
In 2017 Rusli Marzuki Suria los ntawm Indonesia thiab Jidanun Leungpiansamut los ntawm Thaib teb tau txais qhov khoom plig.
