Feem ntau cov npe Tatar yog ib daim ntawv hloov kho ntawm lub npe ntawm ib tug txiv neej poj koob yawm txwv hauv tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv ntau ancient xyoo, nws los ntawm lub npe ntawm leej txiv ntawm tsev neeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, qhov kev hloov no maj mam pib hloov, thiab nrog lub advent ntawm lub hwj chim Soviet, tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub, tab sis kuj cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. tus hlob nyob rau hauv tsev neeg, tau muab ib lub xeem rau tag nrho cov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws tsis hloov thiab tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv hnav nws. Txoj kev xyaum no tseem niaj hnub no.
Kev kawm ntawm Tatar lub npe los ntawm kev tshaj lij
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ntau lub npe Tatar (nrog rau lub npe ntawm lwm haiv neeg) yog vim muaj cov haujlwm uas lawv cov neeg tuav haujlwm tau koom nrog. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, Urmancheev - urman (hloov hav zoov), Baksheev - bakshey (tus neeg ua haujlwm), Karaulov - caravan (tus neeg zov), Beketov - beket (xib fwb ntawm Khan tus tub), Tukhachevsky - tukhachi (standard-bearer), thiab lwm yam. Qhov nthuav heev yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe Tatar, uas niaj hnub no peb xav txog Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv li, "Suvorov" (paub txij li xyoo pua 15th).
Xyoo 1482, tus txiv neej pabcuam Goryain Suvorov, uas tau txais nws lub xeem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb (suvor), tau sau tseg los ntawm kev hais txog nws hauv cov ntawv sau tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, thaum cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tsev neeg Suvorov txiav txim siab los tsa ib tug me ntsis txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lawv tsev neeg lub npe, ib tug lus dab neeg tau invented txog lub Swedish progenitor ntawm Suvor tsev neeg, uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv 1622 thiab nyob ntawm no.
Lub npe Tatishchev muaj keeb kwm txawv kiag li. Nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Ivan Shah - Tub Vaj Ntxwv Solomersky, uas tau ua haujlwm rau Grand Duke Ivan III, tau muab rau lub peev xwm los txheeb xyuas cov tub sab sai thiab raug. Ua tsaug rau nws lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb, nws tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "tatey", los ntawm nws lub npe nto moo originated.
Adjectives as lub hauv paus rau kev tshwm sim ntawm lub xeem
Tab sis ntau zaus, Tatar surnames los ntawm adjectives uas tau siv rau lub npe no los yog tus neeg ntawd rau nws tus cwj pwm zoo los yog cov cim tshwj xeeb.
Yog li ntawd, lub xeem Bazarovs los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv yug hauv khw hnub. Los ntawm tus kwv tij - tus txiv ntawm tus poj niam tus muam, uas hu ua "bazha", lub xeem lub npe Bazhanov tuaj. Ib tug phooj ywg uas tau fav xeeb heev li Allah hu ua "Veliamin", thiab lub xeem lub npe Veliaminov (Velyaminov) los ntawm lo lus no.
Cov txiv neej nrog lub siab nyiam, muaj siab, tau hu ua murads, los ntawm lawv lub npe Muradov (Muratov) tuaj ntawm; txaus siab - Bulgak (Bulgakov); hlub thiab hlub - dauds, dawoods, davids (Davydov). Yog li, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tatar lub xeem muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los.
Nyob rau hauv XV-XVII centuries nyob rau hauv Russia muajLub npe Zhdanov yog dav heev. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws dais nws keeb kwm los ntawm lo lus "vijdan", uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus ib zaug. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau hu ob leeg passionate lovers thiab kev ntseeg fanatics. Txhua tus Zhdanovs tam sim no tuaj yeem xaiv cov lus dab neeg uas nws nyiam tshaj plaws.
Qhov txawv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov npe hauv Lavxias thiab Tatar ib puag ncig
Tatar lub xeem uas tau los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ub tau hloov mus ntev rau cov neeg Lavxias. Feem ntau, peb tsis txawm kwv yees txog qhov tseeb keeb kwm ntawm peb cov npe, suav tias yog cov neeg Lavxias. Muaj ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov no, thiab muaj cov kev xaiv lom zem heev. Tab sis txawm tias cov npe uas peb suav hais tias tsis sib xws tau hais nrog qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv Lavxias thiab tib neeg Tatar nkaus xwb. Yog li, ntau tus kws sau paj huam Tatar, uas nws lub npe thiab lub xeem yuav muab rau hauv qab no, tau ntev tau pom tias yog cov neeg Lavxias. As well as actors, TV presenters, singers, musicians.
Lavxias xaus ntawm Tatar lub npe -in, -ov, -ev thiab lwm tus feem ntau smoothed tawm hauv Tatar ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, Zalilov yog pronounced li Zalil, Tukaev - raws li Tukay, Arakcheev - Arakchi. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, raws li txoj cai, qhov xaus yog siv. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov npe ntawm ib tus neeg Mishar xeem thiab Tatar murzas, vim lawv txawv me ntsis ntawm cov npe niaj hnub Tatar. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tsim ib lub xeem los ntawm cov npe uas tsis tau siv dav rau lub sij hawm ntev los yog tsis nco qab lawm: Enikei, Akchurin, Divey. Hauv lub npe Akchurin, "-hauv" tsis yog qhov kawg, tab sis ib feem ntawm lub npe qub, uas tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub suab.
Tatar tus tub npe uas tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv
ntawm nplooj ntawv cov ntaub ntawv qub, cov menyuam yaus tsis tau hu lawv ntev. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog Arabic, Persian, Iranian, Turkic keeb kwm. Qee lub npe Tatar thiab lub xeem muaj ob peb lo lus ib zaug. Lawv txoj kev txhais lus yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab tsis tau piav qhia kom raug.
Cov npe qub uas tsis tau hu ua cov tub hluas nyob rau hauv Tatar ib puag ncig ntev:
- Babek - me nyuam, me nyuam, me me;
- Babajan yog neeg hwm, hwm;
- Bagdasar - lub teeb, ib pob paj ntawm rays;
- Badak - kawm tau zoo;
- Baibek yog bek haib (tus tswv);
- Sagaydak - ntaus cov yeeb ncuab zoo li xub;
- Suleiman - noj qab nyob zoo, muaj sia nyob, vam meej, nyob kaj siab lug;
- Magdanur yog qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb, lub teeb;
- Magdi - coj cov neeg raws txoj kev uas Allah destined;
- Zakaria - nco ntsoov nco txog Allah, tus txiv neej tiag;
- Zarif - muag heev, zoo, qab ntxiag, zoo nraug;
- Fagil - nyuaj ua haujlwm, ua ib yam dab tsi, mob siab;
- Satlyk yog tus menyuam yuav. Lub npe no muaj lub ntsiab lus ntev ritual. Tom qab yug me nyuam, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tsaus ntuj, tau muab rau cov txheeb ze lossis phooj ywg ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau "txhim kho" nyiaj, thaum lub npe menyuam yaus Satlyk.
Cov npe niaj hnub Tatar tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li Europeanized daim ntawv ntawm cov npe tsim nyob rau hauv 17th-19th centuries. Ntawm lawv yog Airat, Albert, Ahmet, Bakhtiyar, Damir, Zufar, Ildar,Ibrahim, Iskander, Ilyas, Kamil, Karim, Muslim, Ravil, Ramil, Rafael, Rafail, Renat, Said, Timur, Fuat, Hassan, Shamil, Shafkat, Eduard, Eldar, Yusup thiab ntau lwm tus.
Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb Tatar zos koj tseem tuaj yeem ntsib cov ntxhais npe hu ua Zulfinur, Khadia, Naubukhar, Nurinisa, Maryam, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov poj niam cov npe tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob sab Europe, vim lawv tau stylized tom qab lawv. Nov yog ob peb yam:
- Aigul - moonflower;
- Alsu - Rose dej;
- Albina - ntsej muag dawb;
- Amina - maj, ncaj ncees, ncaj ncees. Amina yog leej niam ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad;
- Bella zoo nkauj;
- Gallia - tuav txoj haujlwm siab;
- Guzel - zoo nkauj heev, dazzling;
- Dilyara - pleasing lub siab;
- Zainap - portly, full build;
- Zulfira - muaj superiority;
- Zulfiya - ntxim nyiam, zoo nkauj;
- Ilnara - nplaim taws ntawm lub teb chaws, hluav taws ntawm cov neeg;
- Ilfira yog lub tebchaws khav theeb;
- Kadriya - tsim nyog hwm;
- Karima yog siab dawb;
- Leila - plaub hau tsaus nti;
- Laysan - siab dav;
- Naila - ncav lub hom phiaj;
- Nuria - ci ntsa iab;
- Railya yog tus tsim;
- Raisa - thawj coj;
- Regina - huab tais tus poj niam, poj huab tais;
- Roxanne - illuminating nrog lub teeb ci;
- Faina - ci ntsa iab;
- Chulpan - thaum sawv ntxov hnub qub;
- Elvira - tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv;
- Elmira -kev xav, illustrious.
Ntawm thiab thoob plaws Lavxias lub npe ntawm Tatar keeb kwm
Feem ntau Lavxias lub npe ntawm Tatar keeb kwm tau tshwm sim rov qab xyoo ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm Russia los ntawm Mongol-Tatars thiab tom qab tshem tawm cov nomads nyob deb dhau Slavic thaj av los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias-Lithuanian. Anthroponymic cov kws tshaj lij muaj ntau tshaj tsib puas lub npe ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab yug zoo neeg Lavxias uas yog neeg Tatar keeb kwm. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib zaj dab neeg ntev thiab qee zaum zoo nkauj qab nws. Feem ntau hauv cov npe no yog princely, boyar, suav cov npe:
- Abdulovs, Aksakovs, Alabins, Almazovs, Alyabyevs, Anichkovs, Apraksins, Arakcheevs, Arsenyevs, Atlasovs;
- Bazhanovs, Bazarovs, Baykovs, Baksheevs, Barsukovs, Bakhtiyarovs, Bayushevs, Beketovs, Bulatovs, Bulgakovs;
- Velyaminovs;
- Gireevs, Gogol, Gorchakovs;
- Davydovs;
- Zhdanovs;
- Teeb;
- Izmailovs;
- Kadyshevs, Kalitins, Karamzins, Karaulovs, Karachinskys, Kartmazovs, Kozhevnikovs (Kozhaevs), Kononovs, Kurbatovs;
- Lachinovs;
- Mashkovs, Minins, Muratovs;
- Naryshkins, Novokreshchenovs;
- Ogarevs;
- Peshkovs, Plemyannikovs;
- Radishchevs, Rastopchins, Ryazanovs;
- S altanovs, Svistunovs, Suvorovs;
- Tarkhanovs, Tatishchevs, Timiryazevs, Tokmakovs, Turgenevs, Tukhachevskys;
- Uvarovs, Ulanovs, Ushakovs;
- Chaadaevs, Chekmarevs, Chemesovs;
- Sharapovs, Sheremetevs, Shishkins;
- Shcherbakovs;
Khirovs, Khrushchovs;
Yuspovs;
Yaushevs.
Piv txwv li, thawj cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Anichkovs tuaj ntawm Horde. Cov hais txog lawv hnub rov qab mus rau 1495 thiab muaj feem xyuam rau Novgorod. Lub Atlasovs tau txais lawv lub xeem los ntawm ib tug ncaj ncees lub npe Tatar - Atlasi. Kozhevnikovs pib hu ua li ntawd, tom qab lawv nkag mus rau qhov kev pab cuam ntawm Ivan III nyob rau hauv 1509. Lawv tsev neeg lub npe li cas ua ntej tsis paub meej, tab sis xav tias lawv lub xeem suav nrog lo lus "Khoja", uas txhais tau tias "tus tswv".
cov neeg sau ntawv Tatar uas coj koob meej rau lawv cov neeg nyob rau hauv Soviet era
Cov npe uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, suav tias yog Lavxias, tab sis los ntawm keeb kwm Tatar cov npe, cov npe uas nyob deb dhau los, feem ntau paub zoo rau tiam tam sim no. Lawv tau qhuas los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov nom tswv, cov thawj coj tub rog. Lawv suav hais tias yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv yog Tatars. Cov kab lis kev cai zoo ntawm lawv cov neeg tau qhuas los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv kiag li. Muaj cov kws sau ntawv nto moo ntawm lawv, uas tsim nyog tham txog ntau yam ntxiv.
Ntseeg ntawm lawv:
- Abdurakhman Absalyamov - tus kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws sau ntawv, dab neeg, dab neeg, dab neeg "Golden Star", "Gazinur", "Inextinguishable Fire" tau luam tawm ob qho tib si hauv Tatar thiab hauv Lavxias. Absalyamov txhais ua Lavxias teb sab "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm Oder" Kazakevich, "Young Guard" Fadeev. Nws txhais tsis tau tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, tab sis kuj Jack London, Guy de Maupassant.
- Fathi Burnash, nws lub npe tiag tiag thiab lub xeem yog Fatkhelislam Burnashev - kws sau paj lug, tus kws sau ntawv , tus txhais lus,publicist, theatrical daim duab. Tus sau ntawm ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov nkauj zoo nkauj uas tau txhawb nqa ob qho tib si Tatar ntawv tseeb thiab ua yeeb yam.
- Karim Tinchurin, ntxiv rau kev muaj npe nrov ua tus kws sau ntawv, nws kuj yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam, tau teev npe ntawm cov tsim ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Tatar.
- Gabdulla Tukay yog tus kws sau paj huam uas hlub tshaj plaws, tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm, thiab sau ntawv thuam cov neeg.
- Gabdulgaziz Munasypov - kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam.
- Mirkhaidar Fayzullin – kws sau paj lug, ua yeeb yam, sau ntawv, sau cov nkauj pej xeem.
- Zakhir (Zagir) Yarulla ugyly - tus kws sau ntawv, tus tsim ntawm Tatar qhov tseeb prose, pej xeem thiab kev ntseeg daim duab.
- Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov yog ob tus neeg sau ntawv Tatar thiab Bashkir, kws tshawb fawb, thiab kev ntseeg tus duab. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws rov hais dua qhov teeb meem ntawm poj niam txoj kev dim, yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev qhia nws cov neeg rau European kab lis kev cai.
- Sharif Baigildiev, uas tau siv lub npe pseudonym Kamal, yog tus kws sau ntawv, tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus neeg txhais lus, uas yog thawj tus txhais "Virgin Av Upturned" ua lus Tatar.
- Kamal Galiaskar, nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Galiaskar Kamaletdinov, yog qhov tseeb classic ntawm Tatar dramaturgy.
- Yavdat Ilyasov sau txog keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab medieval ntawm Central Asia.
Naki Isanbet, Ibragim Gazi, Salih Battalov, Ayaz Gilyazov, Amirkhan Eniki, Atilla Rasikh, Angam Atnabaev, Shaikhi Mannur, Shaikhelislam Mannurov, Garifzyan Akhunov kuj qhuas txog lub npe Tatar thiab tshuav lawv cov cim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj. Muajntawm lawv yog ib tug poj niam - Fauzia Bayramova - ib tug kws sau ntawv, ib tug tseem ceeb nom tswv daim duab, ib tug tib neeg txoj cai activist. Tus kws sau ntawv Polish nto moo Henryk Sienkiewicz, uas tuaj ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, kuj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no.
Cov neeg sau ntawv Tatar, uas nws cov npe tau muab rau saum toj no, nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Soviet, tab sis niaj hnub Tatarstan kuj muaj qee yam txaus siab rau.
Cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm Tatarstan ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab
Undoubtedly, Shaukat Galliev tsim nyog lub koob meej tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov neeg koom nrog nrog nws cov txuj ci sau ntawv siab. Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog Idiyatullin, nws coj nws lub npe hu ua nws txiv. Galliev yog ib tug tub zoo ntawm nws tiam, tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Tatar ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua 20th.
Tsim nyog rau txhua qhov kev hwm ntawm cov neeg Tatar thiab Raul Mir-Khaidarov, uas tau txais kev lees paub siab hauv Soviet thiab tom qab ntawd xyoo Russia. Zoo li Rinat Mukhamadiev thiab Kavi Najmi.
Cia peb nco qab qee lub npe thiab lub xeem ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Tatar paub sab nraud lub tebchaws: Razil Valeev, Zarif Bashiri, Vakhit Imamov, Rafkat Karami, Gafur Kulakhmetov, Mirsay Amir, Foat Sadriev, Khamit Samikhov, Ildar Yuzerga, Yunus.
Yog li, Razil Valeev los ntawm 1981 txog 1986 tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm USSR, los ntawm 1981 txog rau tam sim no - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Union of Writers of Tatarstan. Thiab Foat Sadriev yog tus sau txog nees nkaum ua yeeb yam rau kev ua yeeb yam, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm tau ntev tau txaus siab rau Tatar thiab Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yamcov duab.
Zoo Tatar composers thiab artists
Cov kws sau ntawv Tatar zoo tshaj plaws, uas nws lub npe thiab lub xeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev nkag siab lub siab thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tom qab-Soviet qhov chaw, undoubtedly ua lawv pab txhawb rau kev tsa nto ntawm lub yeeb koob ntawm lawv cov neeg, nrog rau lub ntiaj teb no-nto moo nkauj laus ncas Alina. Ibragimova, thiab ntau tus neeg ncaws pob nto moo: football players, hockey players, basketball players, wrestlers. Lawv qhov kev ua si tau hnov thiab ntsia ntawm ntau lab. Tab sis tom qab ib ntus, lawv cov cim yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov mlom tshiab uas tau los hloov lawv, leej twg yuav tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm cov tsev thiab sawv, thaum cov kws sau ntawv, nrog rau cov kws sau nkauj, kws kos duab, cov sculptors, tau tso lawv cov cim rau ntau pua xyoo.
Cov neeg txawj ntse Tatar cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tso lawv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los rau cov menyuam yaus hauv daim ntaub. Cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm ntau ntawm lawv tau paub ob qho tib si hauv lawv thaj av thiab hauv Lavxias Federation. Nws yog txaus kom nco ntsoov tsuas yog Harris Yusupov, Lutfulla Fattakhov, Baki Urmanche, yog li ntawd cov neeg nyiam tiag tiag thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov duab niaj hnub nkag siab tias lawv tab tom tham txog leej twg.
Nto moo Tatar composers kuj tsim nyog hais los ntawm lub npe. Xws li Farid Yarullin, uas tuag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, tus sau ntawm tus naas ej ballet Shurale, nyob rau hauv uas incomparable Maya Plisetskaya seev cev; Nazib Zhiganov, uas tau txais lub koob npe nrov ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm USSR rov qab rau xyoo 1957; Latif Hamidi, ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog opera, w altzes, nyiam ntawm cov neeg; Enver Bakirov; Salih Saidashev; Aidar Gainullin; Sonia Gubaidullina, uas tau sau cov suab paj nruag rau tas luav "Mowgli", 25 films, ntawmuas "Scarecrow" los ntawm Rolan Bykov. Cov kws sau nkauj no qhuas txog lub npe Tatar thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Yuav luag txhua tus neeg Lavxias paub lub npe Tatar, cov npe suav nrog Bariy Alibasov, Yuri Shevchuk, Dmitry Malikov, Sergei Shokurov, Marat Basharov, Chulpan Khamatova, Zemfira, Alsu, Timati, uas nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Timur Yunusov. Lawv yuav tsis ploj ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj, ntaus suab paj nruag, cov duab kab lis kev cai, thiab lawv txhua tus muaj keeb kwm Tatar.
Thaj av ntawm Tatarstan yog nplua nuj nrog cov neeg ncaws pob zoo, uas nws lub npe tsis tuaj yeem sau npe, muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Hom kev ua si twg lawv sawv cev, nws tau hais saum toj no. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau qhuas tsis tau tsuas yog lub npe ntawm lawv tsev neeg, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov cheeb tsam nrog nws cov keeb kwm ancient. Ntau tus ntawm lawv kuj muaj lub npe Tatar zoo nkauj heev - Nigmatullin, Izmailov, Zaripov, Bilyaletdinov, Yakupov, Dasaev, Safin. Qab ntawm txhua tus tsis yog tsuas yog cov txuj ci ntawm nws tus neeg nqa khoom xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib zaj dab neeg nthuav txog keeb kwm.
