De-icing reagents: ntau lawm, yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing yog cov cuab yeej niaj hnub uas ua kom txoj kev patency ntawm cov nroog loj. Nrog lawv pab, koj tuaj yeem ua rau txoj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab cov khoom lawv tus kheej yog ib puag ncig zoo.

Reagents ua haujlwm li cas?

Feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los txo qhov melting point ntawm daus. Thaum sprinkling daus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing ua rau lub fact tias cov tshuaj nquag tso tawm cua sov, uas sai sai tshem tawm txoj kev icing thiab drifts. Tag nrho cov khoom sib tov yog cov khoom los yog kua, hauv peb lub teb chaws cov kev xaiv thawj zaug feem ntau yog siv, raws li nws txawv:

1. Yooj yim siv.
2. Tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
3. Tus nqi qis nrog thaj tsam loj.

Cov khoom feem ntau yog granular thiab muaj lub zog yaj zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing ntawm hom no tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias kub hauv qab 30 degrees. Ib co compositionsntxiv nrog corrosion inhibitors, uas tiv thaiv txoj kev nto ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Daus melts thiab tshem tau yooj yim, thiab plam yog txo, ua rau txoj kev ntshiab thiab nyab xeeb.

Los ntawm keeb kwm

Qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj reagents tshwm sim txhua lub caij ntuj no, vim qhov no yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj dej khov rau ntawm txoj kev hauv lub sijhawm. Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing reagents yog ua raws li lub xeev cov qauv, kom qhov kawg muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntuj tshuav, yog yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm cov av thiab tsis ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsheb log tsheb. Vim tias cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tau txhim kho, thiab qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv tau loj hlob, cov khoom siv de-icing niaj hnub muaj peev xwm ua kom cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tas los no cov kev sib xyaw no tau hloov pauv ntau, thiab cov xuab zeb-thiab-ntsev sib tov ib txwm (92% - xuab zeb, 8% - kev ntsev) tau hloov los ntawm cov niaj hnub tshuaj tiv thaiv icing ntau dua.. Lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txawv, uas nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom thiab cov Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Sij hawm dhau mus, kev siv cov xuab zeb-ntsev sib tov ua tsis tau zoo, txij li thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xuab zeb tseem nyob ntawm txoj kev, uas txhaws cov dej ntws. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog kev cai siv cov ntsev tsuas yog cov tshuaj reagent, uas sai sai yaj dej khov, tiv taus Frost thiab muaj txiaj ntsig mus tas li.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing - kev ntsev ntsev, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho -kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv tau hais tawm hauv kev yaig ntawm lub cev tsheb, cov khau ntawm cov neeg taug kev, thiab qhov twg cov av tau dhau los ua saline, tsis muaj dab tsi loj hlob.

Yam yuav tsum tau muaj

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog qhov yooj yim: nws nqus dej noo los ntawm cov dej khov, vim nws tau saturated nrog dej, cov muaju tig mus rau hauv cov kua, kub thiab yaj cov pob zeb khov. Niaj hnub no, tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv tuaj yeem siv los kho txoj kev - GOST rau txhua yam khoom sib txawv, nrog rau cov kev cai:

1. Kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig.
2. Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntuj sib npaug ntawm av.
3. Kev ua haujlwm siab: txhais tau tias cov khoom lag luam qis qis yuav tsum ua haujlwm sai ntawm txhua qhov kub.
4. Yooj yim rau siv: feem ntau cov formulations yog kis los yog txau rau hauv av.

Composition

De-icing reagents feem ntau muaj ntau yam ntsev - chlorides, chlorates, hydrochlorides, uas pib ua thaum kub kub, thiab ua tam sim ntawd. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj reagents yog txhim kho los ntawm ntau yam:

• tiv thaiv corrosion additives;
• cov khoom xyaw biophilic uas txhim kho cov av zoo;
• cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias;
• baking powder.

YCalcium chloride

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau dua los tiv thaiv icing reagents tau siv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau ua raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig. Thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ib txwm tau hloov los ntawm cov kua dej zoo, uas yooj yim rau kev thov thiab tsis txhob tso cov cim rau ntawm txoj kev, ntawm lub log lossis ntawm nkawm khau. Feem ntau, ntawm cov kua analogues, CCM yog siv, uas yog noj tsawg dua, muaj peev xwm yaj dej khov txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias thiab tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov dej khov.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, calcium chloride-based de-icing tus neeg sawv cev muaj qhov tsis zoo:

1. Nws siv tau li peb teev xwb, yog li txoj kev yuav tsum ua tiav tas li.
2. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau kawm txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias thaum siv nws, cov coefficient ntawm adhesion ntawm cov log tsheb mus rau txoj kev ntawm txoj kev txo qis, uas yog, nws hloov tawm tias XKM nyiam cov dej noo, thaum cov txheej txheem ntsev repels nws..
3. Calcium chloride kuj tsis tau raws li ib puag ncig, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj thiab ua rau cov hlau ntawm lub tsheb.

pros and cons

Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom tias vim nws cov khoom hygroscopic, calcium chloride, thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daus, reacts nrog nws thiab tso cua sov. Xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing reagents, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txawv heev, tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing no suav nrog:

• muaj peev xwm nkag tau sai thiab tob tob hauv txheej dej khov;
• muag dej khov thiab fertilizing av;
• txo cov adhesion rog ntawm cov dej khov thiab txoj kev nto vim yog tsim cov brine;
• reagent kev ua haujlwm, ua rau qis qis.

Icemelt

Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing yog txhawm rau tshem tawm txoj kev hauv nroog los ntawm daus. Icemelt yog cov khoom hloov kho uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub qis tshaj ntawm -20 degrees. Kev siv cov tshuaj no yog pom zoo vim nws txoj kev ua tau zoo, kev lag luam, kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau txawm tias cov nyom. Cov qauv ntawm cov dej khov tawg yog grey crystalline granules, muaj li ntawm calcium chloride, sodium chloride, corrosion inhibitor uas yuav tsum tau los tiv thaiv qhov chaw.

Daim Ntawv Thov Icemelt

Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg tso cai rau nws siv ob qho kev qhia:

1. Raws li kev tiv thaiv. Hauv qhov no, Icemelt yog siv ua ntej, txawm tias ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no, los kho cov txheej, uas feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm icing. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias kev ua tiav ua ntej nag lossis daus. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum muab sib npaug zos rau saum npoo.
2. Rau kev tawm tsam Frost. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom yog siv rau cov dej khov nto, dissolving hais. Ua ntej ua tiav, cov txheej yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov daus xoob.

Cov khoom siv de-icing reagents muaj ntau yam nta:

• siv tau yooj yim;
• siv hauv me mentau;
• tsis muaj cov tshuaj phem thiab tsis huv, yog li ntawd, yog siv kom raug, lawv yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj.

Granite chips

Qhov kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau siv sijhawm ntev, vim tias nws tsis muaj cov tshuaj phem, thiab nws cov nqi txaus siab rau nws qhov muaj. Rau kev ua txoj kev tiv thaiv dej khov, ib feem ntawm 2-5 mm yog haum, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los faib rau saum npoo. Granite crumb yog txawv:

• zog;
• durability;
• ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb;
• usable ntawm txhua qhov kub.

Granite chips yog tsim los ntawm crushed crushed pob zeb ntawm granite pob zeb, tom qab uas cov khoom yog sieved thiab ntxuav - qhov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite hmoov av. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog ib qho reagent nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntawm lo lus, txij li lub crumb tsis yaj dej khov, tab sis vim nws siab abrasiveness thiab zoo adhesion rau cov dej khov nto, cov khoom tau pom dav daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv no zoo.

Sands alt

Tej zaum cov xuab zeb thiab ntsev sib tov yog txoj kev nrov tshaj plaws kom tshem tau cov dej khov. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm dej xuab zeb nrog kev siv ntsev. Kev siv cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog vim nws tus nqi qis thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv txhua qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov sib tov yog tsim los noj rau hauv tus account qee qhov proportions, uas nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm Frost thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw kho. Kev siv efficiencyQhov reagent no tau piav qhia los ntawm ntau yam nta:

• xuab zeb, vim nws abrasiveness, pab txhawb kom tuav tau zoo ntawm lub log tsheb thiab qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev;
• txuj ci ntsev melts dej khov, ua kom nws tsis txhob ntog.

Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw no yog tus nqi pheej yig, kev siv yooj yim, nrawm nrawm ntawm txoj kev thiab siv txhua yam. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog siv cov xuab zeb qis, uas muaj ntau qhov me me, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm txoj kev. Ib qho kev sib tov zoo muaj purified fractionated xuab zeb. Lub ntsiab lus thib ob yog tias kev siv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog pom zoo tsuas yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis qis dua 20 degrees, txij li thaum qis dua qhov sib tov yuav lo ua ke thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim los faib nws.

khoom siv kua

Hnub no, cov kua dej de-icing tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Lawv feem ntau yog ua raws li calcium chloride, thiab lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los daws cov dej khov ntawm txoj kev caij ntuj no, uas suav nrog ntau txoj kev tsheb. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj ua kua muaj xws li:

• effectiveness of impact on te;
• pab kom cov neeg kho tshuab tshem tawm daus;
• Txoj kev nyab xeeb;
• nrawm nrawm;
• kev thauj mus los yooj yim.

Technology nta

Thawj zaug, kua reagent tshuab yogsiv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog nrov nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov ntsev qhuav yog moistened nrog cov kev daws teeb meem raws li calcium chloride, uas ua rau nws ua tau zoo. Wetting tshuab yog qhov zoo vim:

1. Cov reagent tau muab sib npaug ntawm txoj kev.
2. Txoj kev adhesion ntawm cov compound thiab txoj kev tau zoo dua.
3. Cov tshuaj reagent nyob ntawm txoj kev thiab tsis nqa mus los ntawm lub tsheb, tsis zoo li cov khoom siv, yog li nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kua dej ntawm txoj kev uas muaj kev siv siab.
4. Siv cov kua reagent txo cov ntsev ntsev ntawm ib puag ncig.

Txoj cai xaiv

Ua ntej xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv icing, koj yuav tsum xav txog nws cov yam ntxwv xws li:

1. High melting zog. Piv txwv li, calcium chloride muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov ntsev ntsev hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej khov.
2. Txaus crystallization kub, uas tso cai rau cov reagent siv tau ntev.
3. Txais tau viscosity ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas guarantees kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Yog tias cov khoom muaj calcium chloride, ces nws tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias.

Nco ntsoov tias cov kua reagents muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li qhov ntub dej tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom xyaw zoo li no tau pom zoo vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm txoj kev, kev siv tsawg thiab qhov kub thiab txias.kev ua haujlwm.