Kev qias neeg ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov pas dej nrog cov dej phwj tuaj yog qhov teeb meem loj niaj hnub no. Cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov kav dej hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov nroog loj thiab lwm qhov chaw xav tau kev tu tas li, yog li kev siv cov tshuab lim dej thiab cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov roj ntsha yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Yuav ua li cas sludge yog dab tsi?
Silt, uas tawm tsam cov pa phem, yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej phwj hauv tsev, hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab hauv nroog cov kav dej. Activated sludge, los yog biocenosis ntawm zoogenic commulations, yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob uas siv tib neeg pov tseg rau kev noj haus thiab kev yug me nyuam.
Cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob nqus cov organic los ntawm tag nrho cov dej khib nyiab thiab ua rau nws yooj yim dua hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative. Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov sludge activated, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim qee yam kev mob: cov kua khib nyiab yuav tsum muaj qhov kub ntawm qhov tsawg kawg +6 degrees. Cov kua dej yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom lossis cov khoom siv roj ua kom zoo. Activated sludge yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov kab mob nyob uas tuaj yeem tuag nrog kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig. Qhov ntsuas kub qis tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis tsis tua lawv.
Silt concentration
Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog tias cov kab mob sib kis tau raug rau cov kab mob txaus. Qhov concentration ntawm biomass activated sludge yog ntsuas raws li nram no: tus nqi ntawm cov khoom qhuav ntawm biomass ib chav tsev ntim yog txiav txim. 100% yog tag nrho qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov kua hauv lub thawv. Cov activated sludge concentration yog ntsuas raws li feem pua.
Cov txheej txheem oxidation hauv cov kua dej siab siab yuav nrawm dua, kev ua cov khib nyiab yuav ua tau zoo dua.
Silage composition
Activated sludge yog ib pawg uas muaj cov flakes 1-3 mm loj. Flakes yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob ua ke nrog polysaccharides. Activated sludge muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, cov kab mob tuag taus, tshem tawm cov khoom tsis muaj zog, fiber ntau thiab lwm yam polysaccharides.
Txhua pawg kab mob tshwj xeeb hauv oxidation ntawm qee yam tshuaj. Cov kab mob filamentous, nitrifying kab mob thiab cov kab mob flocculent oxidize organic carbohydrates thiab nitrify tebchaw. kab mob p. Pseudomonas muaj peev xwm oxidize fatty acids, paraffins, cawv thiab hydrocarbons. Cov khoom siv roj refinery, naphthenes, phenols, aldehydes yog oxidized los ntawm cov kab mob p. Brevibacterium. Cov kab mob los ntawm p. Bacillus yog siv rausplitting ntawm aliphatic hydrocarbons. kab mob p. Cellulomonas oxidize cellulose.
Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob activated sludge kuj tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob fungal. Pwm thiab cov poov xab ua haujlwm zoo heev ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov tshuaj oxidizable thiab cov tshuaj lom.
Kev saib xyuas cov sludge
Kev ua ntawm cov sludge yuav txo qis thaum lub sijhawm, txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab los ntawm cov dej ntws. Txhawm rau kom cov txheej txheem ntxuav kom tsim tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov kab mob ib puag ncig ntawm cov sludge.
Bioindicator tswj ntawm activated sludge yog ua los ntawm kev tsom xam microscopic. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sludge raug txheeb xyuas, thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab cov npe ntawm cov kab mob tau muab tso ua ke. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ib pab pawg qhia tau hais tias muaj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov kab mob ib puag ncig, txij li cov kab mob yuav tsum tau teb rau cov khoom xa tuaj los ntawm kev hloov lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntau. Piv txwv li, thaum cov dej phwj tuaj nrog cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab nkag mus, cov kab mob thionic thiab cov kab mob sulfur pib nquag tsim.
Los ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sludge activated, ib tus tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov tsim tau ntawm kev ua, tab sis kuj ua rau kev kwv yees ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib puag ncig, muab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj ntawm tib qho kev sib xyaw.
Kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam
Cov dej khib nyiab, uas yog pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, muaj ntau cov co toxins thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Nkag mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, cov dej ntws ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsiaj nyob thiab cov nroj tsuag,paug dej hauv av thiab huab cua. Yog li ntawd, txhua lub tuam txhab kev lag luam tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau kev pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg.
Ua ntej cov roj ntsha oxidation ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, cov kua dej nkag mus rau kev tu txhua yam. Lim cais cov khoom loj ntawm impurities, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv cais. Tom qab kev kho mob lom, cov kua yog tshuaj tua kab mob.
Qee lub lag luam tau txais cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg. Cov biomass uas los ntawm cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov tshuaj siv hauv kev tsim cov chiv, tshuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau raug tso tawm. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv pov tseg yog nyob ntawm hom kev tsim khoom thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khib nyiab loj. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov activated sludge rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam yog ib qho pheej yig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los kho cov khib nyiab. Nov yog txoj kev pov tseg uas nrov tshaj plaws tam sim no.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam ib puag ncig hloov sludge
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov sludge ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nqa tawm hauv chav kuaj tshwj xeeb. Ua li no, ib qho piv txwv yog sau rau hauv lub thawv huv, opaque. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov activated sludge yog nqa tawm 1-2 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam rau 2 lub hlis. Sludge efficiency yog txiav txim los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- dry matter concentration;
- cov ntsiab lus phosphorus;
- enzymatic kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom;
- ua pa ua pa;
- silt flakes condition.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm sludge yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob sib txawv. Ib tug reagent ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nkag mus rau hauv lub loj ntawm activated sludge. Rau ob peb hnubmuaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov sludge thiab kev loj hlob ntawm qee yam kab mob. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov flakes thiab qhov concentration ntawm ib tus neeg cov kab mob raug soj ntsuam.
Ua kom cov sludge kho cov kauj ruam
Neutralization ntawm complex organic tebchaw thiab lawv oxidation rau tej yam yooj yim Cheebtsam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem:
- Anaerobic oxidation.
- Aerobic oxidation.
- Tshuaj ntawm pawg hauv lub pas dej.
- Kev kho mob lom nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej.
- Kev sib cais ntawm cov kua los ntawm sludge nyob rau hauv lub sump.
- Activated sludge dewatering.
Cov khoom me me, cov khib nyiab thiab cov xuab zeb raug tshem tawm ua ntej ntxuav lub ntsiab. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob nyob ntawm qhov kev hla ntawm cov lim. Cov khoom uas sau los ntawm cov lim yog incinerated.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thawj zaug, cov khoom seem uas muaj nyob rau hauv qab, thiab cov khoom muaj roj uas muaj roj sib kis raws li qhov chaw. Cov sediment thiab zaj duab xis raug tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj, thiab cov kua nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv tom ntej rau kev ntxuav tom ntej.
Ua kom cov sludge yog siv rau kev kho mob thib ob. Dej nkag mus rau hauv lub tank nrog rau cov sludge, uas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam yog sau nrog oxygen. Ib puag ncig zoo li no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas pub rau cov organic tshuaj ntawm cov kua, purifying nws thiab tso carbon dioxide thiab dej. Tus nqi ntawm cov sludge yog tas li loj hlob, raws li cov kab mob active multiply. Tshaj tawm cov sludge yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ib ntus ntawm lub tank.
Anaerobic thiabaerobic activated sludge bacteria
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm oxygen. Ntau precisely, oxygen yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm oxidative tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov pa-muaj acids tsim los ntawm complex organic tshuaj.
Oxidation los ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic zoo ib yam rau cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim ntawm cov khoom organic. Tsuas yog cov txheej txheem no tau nrawm dua vim tias muaj cov kab mob siab hauv cov kab mob activated sludge.
Vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lwj ntawm cov organic teeb meem, carbon dioxide thiab methane raug tso tawm.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation ntawm cov kab mob aerobic tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov pa oxygen muaj nyob hauv cov kua. Yuav kom tswj tau cov pa oxygen tsim nyog rau lub neej ntawm cov kab mob, lub tank septic yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb compressor lossis aerator. Aerobic activated sludge yog ib qho chaw uas xav tau cov pa oxygen tas mus li.
Cov kab mob Aerobic rhuav tshem cov organic ua kom yooj yim dua hauv lub sijhawm luv dua li cov kab mob anaerobic. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub septic tank tsawg dua, vim tias cov khoom pov tseg qis dua. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias lub tank septic nrog aerobic oxidation yog kim kim dua li ib qho anaerobic.
Yog tias cov kua dej tso tseg tsis ntws mus rau hauv cov kav dej lossis lub qhov dej septic, dhau sijhawm, cov kab mob yuav tuag los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zaub mov nruab nrab. Pib lub septic tankyuav ua tau tsuas yog tom qab qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tshiab active bacterial nruab nrab.
Kev kho thiab siv cov pov tseg ua kom cov sludge
Activated sludge yog ib yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws cov ntsiab lus yuav muaj xws li phosphorus, zinc, nitrogen. Cov kab lus no tuaj yeem pab tau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev siv cov activated sludge raws li ib tug fertilizer yog ua tau tsuas yog yog hais tias tsis muaj impurities ntawm hnyav hlau nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev tsom mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, hlau ua rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Spent activated sludge yog lub cev qhuav dej. Yog tias muaj cov impurities uas tsis tsim nyog, ces cov sludge siv lub cev qhuav dej yog ntxuav los yog pov tseg. Kev ua kom huv ntawm cov sludge ua kom lom neeg tsuas yog ua tiav thaum nws pom zoo. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj lom neeg raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov loj ntawm sludge. Cov kab mob kis hnyav hnyav heev, uas tsis muaj nqi lag luam, raug hlawv.
Qhov twg yuav qhib cov sludge los ntxuav
Yog tias koj tab tom yuav teeb tsa lub septic tank ntawm koj tus kheej cov phiaj xwm koj tus kheej, tom qab ntawd hauv txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov kav dej, cov lus nug yuav tshwm sim nrog kev yuav cov sludge.
Cov chaw tso dej lom neeg thiab cov tso dej tso dej tawm yog muag ua kua lossis cov khoom siv qhuav. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv hauv chav ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hauv tsev rau kev muab. Tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov ntim thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Lub pob piav qhia txog kev siv cov khoom siv li cas, lub ntim ntim dab tsi yog tsim rau thiab ntev npaum li cas cov khoom tsim tauua hauj lwm ntawm lom muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Thaum yuav tus neeg saib xyuas dej khib nyiab, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm cov kev xaiv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv nrog cov kab mob aerobic. Rau lawv cov active reproduction thiab khoom noj khoom haus, huab cua ntws yog tsim nyog. Cov txheej txheem oxidative tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm ntau cov impurities piv rau cov kab mob anaerobic. Thiab cov sediment yuav siv tau los fertilize av.
Cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov sludge qhib
Kev soj ntsuam thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev txhim kho cov activated sludge yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag kho. Qhov kub ntawm qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev noj haus ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tshwm sim yog + 20-27 ° C. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab qis dua +6 degrees Celsius, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab mob ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov dej khib nyiab txo qis.
Thaum hloov cov khoom pov tseg, kev tsim khoom kuj poob. Cov kab mob yuav tsum tau muaj sijhawm los tsim kho. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, refined cov khoom tau nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob ib puag ncig, thiab muaj ob peb kab mob lub luag hauj lwm rau oxidation ntawm cov complex tshuaj, ces ib co sij hawm yuav tsum dhau mus rau lawv active reproduction. Yog tias muaj cov tshuaj lom ntau ntau, cov kab mob ib puag ncig yuav tuag.
Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov kua tuaj yuav tsum muaj cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig txaus: carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese. Cov kab mob aerobic xav tau oxygen kom ua haujlwm zoo.koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws cov khoom tsis tu ncua rau cov kua.
In xaus
Rov ua dua cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev, raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lwj thiab oxidation nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kab mob, yog ib txoj hauv kev pov tseg. Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm kev siv cov activated sludge rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab ua rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab zoo ib puag ncig, tsis hais seb yuav siv txoj kev kho cov khib nyiab li cas.
