South Africa yog lub teb chaws yav qab teb thiab tsim kho tshaj plaws nyob rau sab av loj African. Cov pejxeem ntawm South Africa yog sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg dawb thiab cov neeg Esxias coob tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv av loj. Ntau haiv neeg nyob hauv nws thaj chaw, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lawv ib txhia tseem tawm tsam kom muaj cai hu ua cov neeg hauv paus txawm.
Cov pej xeem ntawm koom pheej ntawm South Africa: qauv thiab qhov loj me
South Africa muaj pej xeem 52 lab. Kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub teb chaws. Raws li haiv neeg, cov neeg nyob hauv tuaj yeem faib ua cov dub, dawb, xim thiab Asians. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg dawb tau txo qis txhua xyoo. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau lwm lub tebchaws, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv cov neeg dub.
Cov neeg dub ntawm South Africa yog yuav luag 80%. Lawv feem ntau yog cov neeg Bantu. Cov no muaj xws li Zulus, Sotho, Tsonga, Xhosa, Tswana, Shangaan, Swazi, thiab lwm yam. Cov xim muaj xim kuj nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Cov no feem ntau yog mulattoes - cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw European thiab African kev sib yuav. Mus rau sab qab teb-Cov neeg Esxias nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, feem coob yog cov neeg Khab. Cov neeg muaj xim muaj xws li Cape Malays thiab Bushmen nrog Hottentots.
Kev sib txuas nrog ntau haiv neeg ntau haiv neeg, 11 hom lus tau raug coj los siv hauv tebchaws. Cov haiv neeg European hais lus Afrikaans. Rau qee cov neeg European hauv lub tebchaws, lus Askiv yog haiv neeg, tib lub sijhawm nws ua haujlwm ntawm hom lus thoob ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm pawg Bantu.
Cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm South Africa
Lo lus nug ntawm leej twg yog tus tswv thaj chaw ntawm Republic of South Africa ib txwm muaj mob hnyav. Cov neeg dub thiab dawb tau tawm tsam ntev rau lub npe ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Qhov tseeb, ob qho tib si Europeans uas tuaj txog rau xyoo pua 17th thiab cov pab pawg Bantu yog cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av no. Cov pejxeem tiag tiag ntawm South Africa yog Bushmen thiab Hottentots.
Cov neeg ntawm cov neeg no tau nyob thoob plaws South Africa, suav nrog South Africa. Lawv yog cov haiv neeg capoid, subclass hauv cov haiv neeg Negroid loj dua. Ob haiv neeg zoo sib xws, piv txwv li, sib zog dua li ntawm Negroes, tawv nqaij nrog lub ntsej muag liab, daim di ncauj nyias, luv stature, Mongoloid nta. Lawv cov lus nyob rau hauv pab pawg Khoisan, txawv ntawm txhua hom lus hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm kev nias tus lej.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib xws sab nraud, cov pab pawg uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm hauv South Africa txawv. Cov Hottentots yog pastoralists thiab muaj kev tsim khoom siv ntau dua. Lawv yog neeg ua rog. Feem ntau lawv yuav tsum tau tawm tsam los tiv thaiv txoj cai kom muaj nyob los ntawm cov colonialists. bushmen,ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv muaj kev thaj yeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to. Cov colonialists loj heev tua cov neeg no, thawb lawv los ze zog mus rau Kalahari Desert. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Bushmen tau tsim kev tua tsiaj zoo heev.
Hottenots thiab Bushmen tsis muaj ntau. Thawj zaug nyob hauv kev tshwj tseg, qee qhov nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv nroog thiab zos. Lawv tus lej hauv South Africa yog yuav luag 2 txhiab tus neeg. Muaj txog 1,000 Bushmen nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv nyob hauv ib pab me me hauv suab puam thiab raug kev puas tsuaj.
neeg dawb
Tam sim no, cov neeg dawb hauv lub tebchaws muaj kwv yees li 5 lab. Tsuas yog 1% ntawm lawv yog neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Tus so ntawm cov neeg dawb ntawm South Africa yog sawv cev los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm colonizers. Ib pawg tseem ceeb (60%) yog Afrikaners, txog 39% yog Anglo-Africans.
Thawj cov neeg European uas tuaj txog South Africa xyoo 1652 yog Dutch. Lawv tau ua raws li cov neeg German, Fabkis, Flemings, Irish thiab lwm haiv neeg. Lawv cov xeeb ntxwv tau koom ua ib haiv neeg hu ua Afrikaners. Lawv hom lus yog Afrikaans, tsim los ntawm cov lus Dutch. Cais, ntawm cov Afrikaners, subculture ntawm Boers sawv tawm.
Cov pejxeem ntawm South Africa kuj yog tsim los ntawm Anglo-Africans, raws li lawv hom lus lawv siv lus Askiv. Lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tuaj txog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev nyob rau xyoo 19th, xa los ntawm tsoomfwv Askiv. Feem ntau lawv yog Askiv, Scots thiab Irish.
Apartheid
Cov pej xeem ntawm South Africa tau nyob hauv lub xeev tas likev tawm tsam. Kev ua yeeb ncuab tau tshwm sim tsis yog ntawm cov neeg Bantu thiab cov neeg dawb xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov neeg dawb tau coj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog cais cov neeg dawb hauv lub tebchaws los ntawm cov neeg dub.
Xyoo 1948, cov neeg Afrikaners ideologically koom ua ke nrog Anglo-Africans, mus rau txoj cai ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg, los yog apartheid. Cov pejxeem dub tau ua txhaum tag nrho. Nws raug tsis lees paub kev kawm zoo, kev kho mob thiab ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Nws raug txwv tsis pub tshwm sim hauv cov zej zog dawb, caij tsheb thauj mus los thiab txawm tias sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm cov neeg dawb.
Lub ntiaj teb cov zej zog thiab qee pawg neeg thiab cov koom haum tau sim ua kom tsis muaj kev sib cais rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Qhov no thaum kawg ua tiav tsuas yog xyoo 1994.
