Peb rab phom: piav qhia, specifications, manufacturers

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Peb rab phom tsis yog hom riam phom nrov tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv khw muag khoom caj npab thiab "ntawm tes" koj tuaj yeem pom cov neeg sawv cev tsim nyog ntawm cov kab no ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov kev hloov kho no tseem hu ua kev xyaum xyaum. Xav txog lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv.

Historical facts

Thawj cov qauv ntawm peb rab phom tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes (ib nrab thib ob ntawm xyoo pua 19th). Peter Oberhammer tau txais ib daim patent rau ib rab phom peb rab phom hauv xyoo 1878. Lo lus drilling nws tus kheej, txhais los ntawm German, txhais tau tias "tee". Lub nroog ntawm Suhl, zoo li qee qhov chaw nyob hauv German, tau nto moo rau nws cov neeg tua phom. Qhov peb-thooj versions tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, txawv los ntawm kev tsim kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim qauv qub.

Cov riam phom hauv nqe lus nug tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov neeg yos hav zoov, ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam. Tom qab tag nrho, nrog ib tus qauv koj tuaj yeem yos hav zoov sib txawv hauv lub caij nyoog. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caliber, peb rab phom phom tau dhau los ua universal, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws qhov zoo.

ULavxias teb sab neeg siv "tees" nquag pib siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Feem ntau lawv tau npaj rau cov neeg tseem ceeb, tsav mus yos hav zoov, uas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv koom nrog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tua txhua tus tsiaj uas tau ntsib ntawm txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, rab phom xav tau kev sib koom ua ke tshaj plaws. Peb rab phom phom ntev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau txawv los ntawm kev ua tiav zoo nkauj, ua los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv zos lossis nqa los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Tam sim no, kev xyaum yog siv rau kev lag luam yos hav zoov thiab los ntawm cov neeg taug kev mus ncig ua si ntev uas yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa tus kheej. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm riam phom hauv nqe lus nug yog tias los ntawm qhov deb koj tuaj yeem tua tsiaj loj los ntawm rab phom phom, thiab kev ua si me me los ntawm cov neeg sib tw du.

sib xyaw tsim

Kev siv phom tua peb rab phom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam, vim tias lawv muab cov phom phom zoo thiab phom phom. Cov qauv tsim ua ke feem ntau suav nrog ib khub ntawm rab phom thiab ib lub thoob du, los yog rov qab. Muaj versions nyob rau hauv uas ob chim ntawm tib configuration muaj ib tug txawv caliber. Ib yam khoom zoo sib xws yog hu ua peb lub thoob haum.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub pob tw kuj tseem txawv (vertically lossis horizontally tag nrho peb chav nyob, lossis ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob saum toj, hauv qab lossis sab). Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob hom phom rau hauv ib qho nrog cov calibers sib txawv tso cai rau koj mus yos hav zoov ib txhij ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv.

Txhua yam ntawm lub thoob yog nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog pom:

• nplhaib, kho qhov muag lossis kev xaiv nqa - rau kev teeb tsa threaded;
• pom pem hauv ntej pom lossis bar - rau qhov smoothbore;
• kev hloov kho ntawm ib hom mus rau lwm qhov yog ua los ntawm kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, ib khub ntawm kev khiav tawm lossis shneller.

Tees nrog txhua lub stems

Ntau tus neeg yos hav zoov muaj kev xav tias rab phom phom nyob rau hauv tus qauv tsim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab peb "nqus-dhau" yuav yog. Qhov no tsis yog tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus: nws dhau los ua teeb meem choke, them nyiaj thiab "drilling" hauv ib qho kev tsim. Cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm peb rab phom tau tsim los ntawm German, Belgian thiab lwm yam phom sij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov kev hloov kho no tau txiav txim siab sai sai, vim tias lawv tau dhau los ua qhov tsis yooj yim rau siv.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "tee" yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj phom ntev, kom tus neeg siv ib txhij muaj phom thiab phom phom. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm peb lub smoothbore yog qhov tsis ntseeg, txij li qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev hloov kho nce ntxiv, kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm salvo raug ua txhaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm xws li ib tug version yog pom tau tias nce ntxiv piv rau ib rab phom ob rab phom. Vim cov kev tsis txaus no, tsis muaj kev tsim ntau yam ntawm tib hom phom phom peb rab phom thiab tsis xav tau.

Russian xyaum

Ntawm cov "tees" ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev, MTs-140 phom yog qhov txawv. Nws yog deb ntawm qhov pheej yig tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov analogues, nws yog nruab nrog ib khub ntawm 12-gauge chim thiab ib rab phom phom. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua tauntau yam (xya configurations yog muab). Thawj daim ntawv yog tsim thiab sim nyob rau hauv 1988.

Key parameters:

• hom du muzzle qhov chaw - 12/65;
• phom hloov pauv - 7, 62/53;
• khoom hnyav - 3.4 kg;
• chim ntev - 6500 mm.

Cov phom MTs yog cov pab pawg neeg tseem ceeb, tsom mus rau kev yos hav zoov thiab cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov qauv yog ua nrog ceev faj hloov ntawm cov ntsiab lus, sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Ib khub ntawm kev sib tw yog muab tso rau ntawm tib lub hauv paus. Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov pob tw yog cov ua tiav zoo walnut. Tsim nrog recesses rau caj npab thiab sab plhu.

Krieghoff triple-barrel shotguns

Drilling "Neptune" yog ib qho ntawm ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm "tees" los ntawm cov npe teev. Lub tuam txhab tau paub txog nws qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov phom phom peb lub thoob. Hom riam phom no tau dhau los ua ib hom cim ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tib yam "Neptune" yog paub rau txhua tus neeg yos hav zoov tiag tiag, thiab nws cov khoom tsim tau pib thaum xyoo pua 19th. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug, Krieghoff gunsmiths raug txwv tsis pub koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov riam phom. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tub ceev xwm ua haujlwm tau rhuav tshem lub tuam txhab cov chaw tsim khoom.

Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub tuam txhab hnub rov qab mus rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum rov tsim kho cov phom tsis siv neeg thiab cov carbines tau xyaum. Kev tsim khoom tau rov qab ua tiav hauv xyoo 1950, kev tshaj tawm thawj kab ntawm cov phom cua pib, uas yoginnovation rau lub tuam txhab.

Peb xyoos tom qab, qhov kev txwv tsis pub tsim cov phom peb lub thoob tau raug tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd Krieghoff tau los tuav nrog kev tsim cov khoom xyaum. Ib qho kev sim batch raws li lub npe Waldschutz tau ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab hav zoov. Cov qauv tau txais txiaj ntsig, vim qhov kev txiav txim tsis tu ncua pib tuaj txog. Lub tuam txhab pib nquag txhim kho thiab nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, kev hloov kho ntawm Trumpf thiab Neptun tau tawm, uas yog tseem tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug modernized daim ntawv.

Tsis zoo li kev tsim khoom thaum ntxov, cov qauv tsim niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tswj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov khoom tau raug kuaj zoo, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom kawg.

Sauer system

Peb-thaj "Sauer", tsim los ntawm German rab phom, yog qhov zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Lub kaw lus tau nruab nrog cov kab rov tav sab sauv thiab ib qho qis dua phom sij.

Cov yam ntxwv luv luv ntawm peb rab phom phom ntawm "Sauer" system:

• pob tw - 16/70-7/65 (nruab / phom);
• nyhav - 3, 1 kg;
• chim ntev - 1065 mm.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias ob khub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov phom phom thiab cov thoob. Kev pom pem hauv ntej nrog lub lifting shield ua raws li ib tug aiming mechanism. Yog xav tau, lossis tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem nruab qhov pom kev pom.

Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm peb rab phom phom ntawm Sauer system yog tus qauv-30. Ua ntejCov series tau tawm hauv xyoo 1930. Tom qab tag nrho cov manipulations, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov riam phom no tau qhia lawv cov ntsiab lus zoo, nrog rau cov practicality ntawm kev siv cov qauv.

Parameters:

• pob tw yog du - 12/65;
• rifled chim – 9, 34;
• hnyav - 3.4 kg;
• chim ntev - 650 mm.

Tshwj xeeb Sauer M30 phom tua tsiaj yog kim heev. Lawv tus nqi nce mus txog ntau lab rubles.

Merkel BBF B-3

Peb-barreled carbines ntawm hom no muaj kev tsim zoo. Lub thoob thaiv yog nruab nrog lub clutch uas ruaj ntseg kho lub muzzle, tiv thaiv lawv ntawm "ua si". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub aiming point tsis mus yuam kev, tsis hais tus naj npawb ntawm txhaj. Cov thoob tau hloov kho siv cov ntsia hlau tshwj xeeb, uas yooj yim dua li siv cov khoom siv tswj.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm German triple-barreled BBF B-3:

• stems du - 12/76, 20/76;
• xov xwm - 6, 5x57, 7x65 R;
• drilling hnyav - 3100 g;
• chim ntev - 600 mm.

Lub caliber 12/76 yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, vim nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua si los ntawm qhov deb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias riam phom muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj qee qhov kev cob qhia thiab txhais tes "nrhiav". Sab nrauv ntawm cov carbines zoo li zoo nkauj, cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntoo.

4 rab phom phom

phom phom nrog plaub lub thoob yog qhov tsawg heev. Lub npe dav dav ntawm cov khoom zoo li no -fillings. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus du yog teem rau kab rov tav, rifled counterparts nyob rau saum toj thiab hauv qab. Txhawm rau tua hluav taws los ntawm cov kab kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, uas tsim los ntawm lub rooj vag. Lub sijhawm no cov pob tw du ua tsis muaj zog thiab rov ua dua.

Fierlings yog nruab nrog ib khub ntawm qhov ua rau, pem hauv ntej uas ua rau lub thoob loj-caliber qis. Raws li txoj cai, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus actuates lub Upper me me-caliber muzzle. Cov riam phom nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug muaj ib tug dlej loj, uas yog ib feem offset los ntawm shortened qhov ntev. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus tsim ntawm plaub lub thoob yog yooj yim thiab compact. Cov qauv zoo sib xws tau siv los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Kev tsim cov phom zoo li no tsis tau xyaum. Lawv lub ntsiab prerogative yog tsev cia puav pheej thiab private collections.

Caliber WMR-22

Daim cartridge tau teev tseg yog tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab riam phom muaj koob npe Winchester (Winchester Repeating Arms Company). Qhov no tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1960. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam txhab kuj tau tsim cov riam phom sib xws. Oddly txaus, yuav luag ib txhij, kev tsim cov riam phom nyob rau hauv 22 WMR pib tag nrho cov tuam txhab Asmeskas koom nrog hauv kev tsim phom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov mos txwv tau teev tseg yog thawj daim cartridge ua haujlwm ntawm hom annular.

Txawm hais tias nws tus kheej, lub cartridge belongs rau cov nqi me me. Cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug muaj qhov loj dua thiab qhov ntev. Cov yam ntxwv ua rau koj tuaj yeem tiv taus siab ntxiv thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, volleys los ntawm 5, 6 mm tsev neeg tau txiav txim siab xyaumua tsis tau. Yog tias koj mus rau lwm cov analogues, lub tes tsho luv feem ntau swells thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm tom qab tua. Muaj cov craftsmen nyob rau ntawm caj npab ua lag luam muab ib tug interchangeable nruas oriented rau tag nrho cov tam sim no hom cartridges.

Ntse

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias 22 lub ntsuas kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm niaj hnub peb-thaj thiab ob-thav phom phom. Hauv qhov no, cov pob tw yuav txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab txiav. Kom paub meej, cia peb xav txog qhov dav dav yog qhov caliber.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thawj lub ntsiab lus rau smoothbore specimens tshwm nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv. Tus nqi tau pom raws li hauv qab no: lawv coj 453.59 grams ntawm txhuas (ib phaus). Cov mos txwv tau muab pov tseg los ntawm qhov loj no, zoo ib yam hauv qhov loj thiab qhov ntev. Yog hais tias cov chav nyob tau hloov mus rau 22 - caliber 22, 10 - 10th. Yog li, qhov me me ntawm cov mos txwv, qhov loj dua tus nqi hauv nqe lus nug.

Daim ntawv thov

Cov cartridge saum toj no yog tsim rau siv raws li analogs ntawm 5.6 hli tsev neeg. Qhov no suav nrog kev cob qhia tus kheej ntawm cov neeg tua phom, kev cob qhia. Cov yam ntxwv no yog vim muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov mos txwv xws li qhov me me recoil, suab nrov nrov thiab tus nqi qis. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev sib tw kis las tiag tiag, xws li daim cartridge tsis tau siv. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov kws tshaj lij xav tau cov mos txwv nrawm dua, vim tias qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm 22 daim cartridge tau rov qab mus rau kev yos hav zoov.

Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub nplhaib-hom nqi. Cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tooj liab-plated, tsis s altedcoj. Qhov no yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov mos txwv tsis muaj plhaub tau tawg ntawm lub phom phom, los yog melting vim kev sib txhuam. Heev feem ntau, lub caij no yog nruab nrog ib tug expansive configuration nyob rau hauv lub taub hau kab noj hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb cartridges yog tsim nrog me me txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub capsule. Lawv tau tsim los tua cov nas me me, luav thiab noog. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog xav txog tias nyob ze, tus nqi tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tuag ntawm cov tsiaj uas xav tau. Muzzle zog txaus los kov yeej cov tsiaj xws li jackal lossis coyote.

Lwm cov calibers nrov

Cov hauv qab no yog lwm cov calibers feem ntau siv hauv cov phom niaj hnub no:

• 12. Qhov ntsuas no muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov manufacturers ntawm smoothbore phom. Xws li cov koob npe yog vim nws ntau yam, txij li tus tswv tuaj yeem kho tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov nplej hauv ntau hom kev txhaj tshuaj lossis buckshot. Qhov caliber no zoo tagnrho rau cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab cov pib tshiab.
• 16. Cov neeg nuv ntses hauv tsev tau paub zoo nrog cov mos txwv loj no. Cov mos txwv me me dua li cov qauv dhau los, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib rab phom peb rab phom nrog lub caliber no muab txo qis rov qab.
• 20. Riam phom ntim nrog cov mos txwv ntawm qhov loj me no yog qhov zoo rau cov poj niam, muaj qhov hnyav dua li lawv cov qauv sib piv.
• 24 thiab 28. Cov calibers zoo li no tsis tau siv ntau zaus, vim tias lawv muaj qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tsawg. Feem ntau, cov phom phom triple-barreled yog tsim nrog ntau qhov sib txawv, ib qho tuaj yeem ua tautus nqi teev.

Xaiv 22 caliber lossis lwm yam yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus kheej nkaus xwb, nyob ntawm qhov nyiam ntawm tus tswv thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov mos txwv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog riam phom tsis yog siv tau xwb, tab sis kuj yooj yim.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom triple

Yuav kom ua kom qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom ntawm riam phom hauv nqe lus nug, koj yuav tsum tau xoom rau ntawm qee yam ntawm lub thoob. Ib qho kev pom zoo rau kev tua los ntawm ntau hom ntsiab lus yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm tee phom yog qhov loj loj, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov ntawv xov xwm. Qhov kev rho tawm no yog qhov qub rau cov qauv qub, cov qauv tshiab yog ua los ntawm cov hlau hnyav, uas txo qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsuas kev ntsuas tsis hloov pauv, thiab cov kev hloov kho zoo hauv German tsis tas yuav rov kho qhov pom, txawm tias tom qab ob peb lub volleys. Hauv kev kho tshiab peb rab phom phom, xws li Sauer-3000, lub muzzle ntev yog luv dua. Qhov no cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis ua kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom.

Raws li txoj cai, muaj cov qauv phom sij yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, siv "tees" feem ntau muag nrog cov phom phom tsis muaj zog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm tias 20-25 xyoo dhau los, rab phom phom rau cov neeg yos hav zoov yog qhov khoom kim heev uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Muaj cov qauv ntawm kev ua lag luam uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 70 xyoo nrog ib rab phom drilled chim uas tsis ua haujlwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib tug neeg tsuas tau txais ib rab phom hnyav nrog cov thoob thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj.hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tau siv nyiaj ntau dua li kev xaiv tus qauv.

Txoj Cai Xaiv

Thaum xaiv riam phom triple-barreled, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb hom kev ua si lossis tsiaj yuav raug ntes rau. Qhov no yog tus txheej txheem overriding. Piv txwv li, thaum yos hav zoov noog, nws ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab los yuav "tee". Nws yog qhov siv tau ntau dua thiab pheej yig dua los yuav cov qauv zoo smoothbore. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho triple chim yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug luv luv muzzle (tsis ntau tshaj 660 mm), qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov chim chim yog manifested tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ze ntau yam. Drilling yog tsom rau cov tsiaj nruab nrab thiab loj.

Hom riam phom no yog tsom rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg zoo nkauj uas tsis yog tsom mus taug qab txhua tus tsiaj, tab sis tau txais kev txaus siab tiag tiag los ntawm lawv cov dej num, diluted nrog kev mob siab rau. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev yos hav zoov nws tus kheej yuav tsum yog kab lis kev cai thiab raug. Kev nuv ntses yog txuam nrog qee qhov kev pheej hmoo, xws li kev sib ntsib nrog tus tsiaj raug mob lossis tus dais npau taws. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv rab phom. Rau cov poj niam yos hav zoov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv ib lub teeb yuag version nrog txo recoil. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam 12 qhov ntsuas, tab tom nrhiav rau version rau 16-20 mos txwv loj.

Txoj cai siv

Cov phom peb rab phom sib xyaw ua ke raug cai nrog cov phom sib txawv, uas ua rau muaj qee yam kev txwv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Yuav kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau cov riam phom zoo li no yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb tias nws yuav ua tau kom tiav lub hom phiaj.

Kom tau daim ntawv tso cai,tus neeg yos hav zoov yuav tsum muaj kev paub ntau hauv kev siv thiab khaws cov riam phom smoothbore. Nrog drilling, nws raug tso cai mus yos hav zoov tsuas yog los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, nyob rau lub sijhawm txwv tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai (nrog rau kev nuv ntses rau toj roob hauv pes thiab roob game). Tsis ua raws li cov cai thiab cov cai yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nplua loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txeeb ntawm riam phom feem ntau yog siv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej txog kev cai lij choj. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tua tsiaj nrog "tee", cartridges rau phom phom yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv.