Tsis zoo li lwm lub xeev, cov tub rog hauv Russia tsis siv grenades txog xyoo 1916. Qhov xwm txheej tau pib hloov pauv xyoo 1913, thaum ib tus neeg Lavxias tuaj hla cov lus qhia ua tub rog rau cov tub rog German ntawm cov cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm rab phom grenade. Tsis ntev cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom zoo sib xws uas tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv Askiv Martin Hale. Thaum nyob rau hauv Russia lawv tau txiav txim siab seb lub tuam tsev twg los yog lub tuam tsev yuav tso siab rau tus tsim cov mos txwv tshiab no rau infantrymen, Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau pib. Twb tau thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pom tias ib tus tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj phom thiab tes grenades. Tom qab ntev bureaucratic daim kab xev liab, lub Main Artillery Directorate (GAU) tau tso siab rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab muab cov grenades. Tsis ntev tom qab thawj cam khwb cia-hlau grenade thiab ib tug 16-kab mortar rau firing ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog 320 meters twb npaj txhij.
Soviet gunsmiths ntawm laurelsnres thiab kev tsim ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau cov riam phom zoo li no yog rab phom grenade launcher M. G. Dyakonov. Ib rab phom phom uas txuas nrog lub muzzle ntawm 1891 Mosin phom yog siv los tua cov mos txwv.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dyakonov grenade launcher tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no.
Introduction
Dyakonov lub foob pob hluav taws yog ib rab phom phom uas siv los ntawm qhov chaw kaw. Nrog kev pab los ntawm fragmentation grenades raug rho tawm los ntawm lub grenade launcher, lub manpower ntawm tus yeeb ncuab raug rhuav tshem, qhov chaw uas tau ua nruab firing ntsiab lus thiab teb fortifications. Txij li cov chaw no tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov phom phom, qhov hluav taws kub los ntawm kev ua raws li txoj kev tiaj tus, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab uas siv lub foob pob hluav taws Dyakonov. Lub hom phiaj me me armored kuj raug puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, anti-tank grenades yog siv. Dyakonov phom loj grenade launcher thiab tua los ntawm nws yog npaj tsis tsuas yog rau lub cev puas tsuaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. rab phom kuj yog siv los ua kev ceeb toom, teeb liab thiab teeb pom kev zoo.
About the history of creation
Lub tswv yim los muab cov tub rog infantry nrog grenade launchers tshwm sim hauv 1913. Cov lus txib Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb lub tuam tsev twg, engineering lossis artillery, yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov riam phom. Xyoo 1914, txoj haujlwm no tau muab tso rau hauv Main Art Administration. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kws kho mob A. A. Karnaukhov, hluav taws xob S. P. Pavlovskythiab engineer V. B. Segal tsim ib tug 16-kab mortar. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev tua hluav taws tau tshuav ntau yam uas xav tau, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm grenade launchers txuas ntxiv mus. Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1916, ib qho khoom tshiab ntawm Dyakonov system tau tshwm sim ntawm cov phom ntev ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm Rifle School. Lub grenade launcher thiab tua los ntawm nws tau zoo txaus siab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij commission. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los txais yuav cov grenade tsim los ntawm Dyakonov thiab 40.5 hli mortar, lub thoob uas yog seamless steel raj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim lawv cov khoom lag luam, txij li xyoo 1918 "kev lag luam demobilization" tau tshwm sim. Ob xyoos tom qab, Dyakonov grenade launcher (ib daim duab ntawm rab phom yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) raug xa mus rau rov kuaj dua. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau), nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj tua kab, cov mos txwv tau hloov kho. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1928, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Tub Rog ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab lees txais Dyakonov grenade launcher rau kev pabcuam nrog Tub Rog Liab.
About production
Xyoo 1929, thawj qhov kev txiav txim rau kev tsim cov grenades tau txais. 560 txhiab mos txwv tau raug rho tawm haujlwm rau cov foob pob tawg. Tus nqi ntawm ib chav yog 9 rubles. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, thawj pawg raug nqi rau lub xeev 5 lab rubles.
About design
Dyakonov lub foob pob tawg yog lub kaw lus kaw lus. Cov khoom no tseem hu ua mortar, uas, ua ke nrog bipod, bayonet thiab protractor-quadrant, tau nruab nrog 7.62-mm phom. Tus tsim ntawm lub mortar muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Lub cev, uas yog sawv cev ncaj qha los ntawm rab phom phom. Peb qhov grooves uas twb muaj lawm tau npaj rau kev cojgrenade protrusions
- khob.
- caj dab. Cov khoom no tau nruab nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb txiav tawm, ua tsaug uas lub khob tuaj yeem txuas rau lub thoob zoo li lub bayonet.
Nyob rau hauv lub grenade launcher, ib tug threaded kev twb kev txuas yog siv los fasten qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv kev rau siab muab cov phom ntev stability thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau lub ces kaum, nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug bipod. Thaum lub grenade launcher raug ntsia, ob txhais ceg ntawm bipod tau daig nrog ntse kawg rau hauv ib qho nyuaj. Ib qho clip tau txuas nrog lub bipod khib thiab ib lub phom phom tau muab tso rau hauv nws. Nws muaj peev xwm fasten lub clip nrog ib tug clamp ntawm txawv heights. Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug goniometer-quadrant, ib rab phom grenade launcher yog tsom. Txhawm rau mount lub goniometer, ib qho tshwj xeeb clamp tau siv, sab laug ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau lub thawv quadrant, thiab sab xis - rau goniometer thiab phiaj kab. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub quadrant, lub kaum sab xis saum toj tau txheeb xyuas thaum aiming vertically, thiab lub goniometer tau siv nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Nyob rau hauv 1932, ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv tau luam tawm piav txog lub ntaus ntawv ntawm lub Dyakonov grenade launcher. Phau ntawv kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yam ntxwv thiab kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm mos txwv rau riam phom ntawm cov kab ke no, cov cai rau lawv khaws cia thiab ua haujlwm.
About guncare
Cov neeg ua rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm rab phom phom tua phom yog sawv cev los ntawm ob tus neeg tua phom: rab phom thiab rab phom. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg tua phom yog nqa thiab txhim kho rab phom, taw rau lub hom phiaj thiabtua hluav taws, loader - nqa cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua rau Dyakonov grenade launcher. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov grenades raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv ib qhov suav tau txog 16 units. Lub tsheb thauj khoom kuj tau pab tus neeg tua phom nruab thiab taw tes rau lub mortar ntawm lub hom phiaj, mount lub raj tej thaj chaw deb thiab muab cov phom nrog ib rab phom.
Vim tias qhov kev tua tau nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj heev, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv lub xub pwg nyom los txhawb nqa lub pob tw. Txwv tsis pub, tus neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem sab laug nrog lub pob txha tawg. Yog li ntawd, rab phom so rau hauv av, nyob rau hauv uas ib lub qhov twb yav tas los khawb. Thaum lub sij hawm sim riam phom, nws tau pom tias vim muaj zog recoil, cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tawg yog tias pob zeb lossis lub ntiaj teb khov siv los ua kev txhawb nqa rau nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub pob tw los ntawm kev tawg, ib lub ncoo tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau hauv qab nws. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, lub shutter yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw qhib. Qhov kev ntsuas no tiv thaiv kev tua tsis tau npaj tseg.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
- riam phom ntawm Dyakonov system yog phom loj grenade launchers.
- Lub teb chaws - USSR.
- Lub foob pob hluav taws tau ua los ntawm Tub Rog Liab los ntawm 1928 txog 1945
- Kev sib dhos tag nrho (nrog bipod, phom thiab mortar) grenade launcher hnyav txog 8.2 kg.
- Qhov hnyav ntawm mortar yog 1.3 kg.
- Lub thoob yog nruab nrog peb grooves nrog lub suab ntev ntawm 672 mm.
- Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua muaj ob tus neeg.
- Lub hom phiaj sib txawv ntawm 150 mus rau850 m.
- Tua tawm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws kom ua kom lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb mus txog 300 m. Nrog rau qhov muaj tus nqi ntxiv, qhov kev ncua deb tau nce mus rau 850 m.
- Nyob rau hauv ib feeb, ntawm 5 mus rau 8 txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ntawm rab phom no.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Dyakonov lub foob pob hluav taws tau siv los tua phom phom. Cov mos txwv no yog me me 370 gram projectile. Cov khoom tawg yog muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub steel, nyob rau hauv qis qis uas muaj pallet. Sab nrauv ntawm lub cev tau muab faib ua ob peb qhov sib cais los ntawm txoj kev grooves. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsim no, cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam tau yooj yim dua tsim thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm rab phom grenade. Ib lub raj hauv nruab nrab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov projectile, uas cov mos txwv dhau mus. Sab hauv ntawm lub nkoj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau cov khoom tawg, uas sawv cev los ntawm 50-gram explosive (BB). Cov raj xaim hluav taws xob tau txuas mus rau hauv nruab nrab cov hlab ntsha los ntawm qhov kawg, ua tsaug rau cov grenades tuaj yeem tawg hla lub hom phiaj nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tua. Cov khoom no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tej thaj chaw deb kawm tiav disc.
Los ntawm tig nws, grenades raug tawg. Txhawm rau ua kom lub sijhawm tua ntev dua, cov neeg tsim khoom tau muab cov mos txwv nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntxiv. Nws tau sawv cev los ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb hnyav 2.5 g. Ib qho ntxiv tau ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab txhob lo lo ntxhuav, uas tau txuas rau hauv qab ntawm rab phom grenade. Thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj, cov hmoov gases pib ua rau lub siab ntawm lub pallet, ua rau ntau yam ntawm cov phom loj grenade. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov mos txwv tsis txhob ntub, nws tau npog nrog lub hau tshwj xeeb kaw. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, Dyakonov rab phom grenade launcher yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov phom phom zoo tib yam.
Tactical thiab technical yam ntxwv ntawm grenade
- Cov mos txwv ntawm Dyakonov system, caliber 40.6 mm thiab ntev 11.7 cm, hnyav tsis tshaj 360 g.
- Qhov loj ntawm kev sib ntaus nqi yog 50 g.
- Thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm grenade, 350 fragments tau tsim.
- Lub vojvoog tuag ntawm qhov projectile mus txog 350 m.
- Cov grenades tau tsiv mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 54 m / s. Nrog rau cov nqi ntxiv rau ib pliag, lawv them 110 m.
About shortcomings
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, nrog rau kev nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog Dyakonov grenade launcher, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau los ua tus tswv ntawm riam phom uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Mortars yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Rau kev ua tsov rog "mobile", raws li cov kws tshaj lij tau ntseeg, cov grenade launchers yog siv tsis tau. Dyakonov cov grenades thiab grenades launchers yuav suav hais tias zoo tagnrho txhais tau tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1917. Nyob rau hauv 1928 lawv twb tsis siv lawm, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog lawv twb radically outdated. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov system yog qhov kev npaj tau nyuaj heev:
- Ua ntej lub foob pob hluav taws tua cov phiaj xwm, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hom phiaj tau kwv yees los ntawm qhov muag.
- Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev nco lossis siv lub rooj tshwj xeeb, tus neeg tua phom yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb qhov pom yuav tsum nyob qhov twg,nthuav tawm rau ib qho lossis lwm qhov ntau.
- Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau suav tias nws yuav siv lub raj xa hluav taws xob ntev npaum li cas los hlawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub grenade yuav tsum ntaus lub hom phiaj nrog ntau tshaj ntawm cov fragments. Qhov no ua tau yog tias nws tawg ncaj qha hla lub hom phiaj nws tus kheej.
- Insert the grenade into the chim.
Kev npaj nyuaj dhau, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tus nqi hluav taws.
Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub foob pob tawg yog dab tsi?
Lub zog ntawm cov riam phom no yog siv tau los tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua ua li no nrog me me caj npab vim nws tiaj tus trajectory. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub grenade launcher tau yoog rau cov phom phom phom phom. Tus tub rog tsis tas yuav tshem lub mortar rau qhov no.
Grenade launchers ntawm Dyakonov system tau siv hauv kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Great Patriotic War. Xyoo 1945, cov phom no raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Soviet.
