1994 Budapest Memorandum

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Budapest Memorandum tau kos npe los ntawm Ukraine, Great Britain, Russia thiab Asmeskas thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1994. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim kev ruaj ntseg tau lees paub txog kev nkag mus rau Ukraine rau Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Riam phom. Xyoo 1996, qhov kev nkag mus no tau tshwm sim.

Basics

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm 1994 Budapest Memorandum tau muab rau Ukraine lub luag haujlwm kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov riam phom nuclear los ntawm nws thaj chaw hauv lub sijhawm teem tseg. Nyob rau hauv lem, Lavxias teb sab Federation, lub tebchaws United States thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom cog lus rau:

• Kev hwm lub tebchaws, ciam teb uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine raws li OSCE Txoj Cai Kawg.
• Tsis txhob siv riam phom tawm tsam kev ywj pheej ntawm nom tswv, kev ncaj ncees ntawm Ukraine, tshwj tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab lwm yam xwm txheej raws li UN Charter.
• Txoj kev txwv tsis pub nyiaj txiag yuam kev uas yog lub hom phiaj rau subordinate Ukraine qhov kev siv ntawm cov cai uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub sovereignty rau nws tus kheej nyiam thiab yog li ruaj ntseg tej yam zoo rau nws tus kheej.
• Thov los ntawmUN Security Council rau kev nqis tes ua tam sim yog Ukraine, uas yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Riam phom, dhau los ua qhov khoom ntawm kev hem thawj lossis raug tsim txom los ntawm kev ua phem siv riam phom nuclear.
• Tsis txhob siv riam phom nuclear tawm tsam Ukraine, tshwj tsis yog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm lub tebchaws no ntawm cov xeev uas khi los ntawm daim ntawv sau cia, lawv thaj chaw thiab lawv cov phooj ywg.
• Kev tawm tswv yim yuav tsum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog cov lus cog tseg saum toj no.

Tuam Tshoj thiab Fabkis

Thaum lub sijhawm uas tau kos npe rau Budapest Memorandum, ob lub zog nuclear ntxiv, Fabkis thiab Tuam Tshoj, tau koom nrog tag nrho cov kev cog lus ntawm Kev Tsis Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab ntawm Nuclear Riam phom. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tau kos npe rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tau hais txog kev lees paub los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov nqe lus cuam tshuam. Lawv qhov txawv yog tias tsis muaj ib nqe lus hais txog yuav tsum muaj kev sab laj hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis meej.

Txoj Cai

Tam sim no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog seb cov ntaub ntawv puas raug cai rau ob tog tsis tso tseg. Raws li xyoo 2014, Budapest Memorandum tsis tau pom zoo. Raws li Vladimir Ryabtsev, Thawj Secretary ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm Ukraine, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1994-1995. thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv, thaum kos npe rau nws, tsis muaj kev sib tham txog nws kev pom zoo hauv cov xeev uas yog ob tog. Tom qab ntawd, hauv kev xav ntawm Ryabtsev, muaj kev nkag siab tias Budapest Memorandum, cov ntawv nyeem uas tau txais los ntawm cov teb chaws koom, yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov.kev ua.

Tsis tas li, Ryabtsev tau hais tawm qhov kev xav tias rov qab rau xyoo 2003, thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Tuza Island, Lavxias Federation tau pom qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev khi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kos npe hauv Hungary. Tus qub Thawj Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm Ukraine tau hais tias nyob rau hauv 2010 nws thaum kawg nkag siab tias Budapest Memorandum ntawm 1994 tsis yog ib tug thoob ntiaj teb kev cai lij choj cov ntaub ntawv, txij li thaum cov kev sib tham nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub Rooj Sab Laj Saib Xyuas kom meej meej qhia qhov tseeb tias tsuas txoj kev cog lus pom zoo los ntawm lub xeev yuav tsum tau ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vladimir Ryabtsev tsis pom zoo nrog qhov kev faib tawm tam sim no ntawm Memorandum raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev lav phib xaub ntawm ob tog, tab sis suav tias nws yog ib qho kev pom zoo hauv xeev uas qhia meej txog kev ua raws li cov kev cai.

Kev xav ntawm lwm tus neeg nom tswv

Vladimir Gorbulin, ex-Secretary ntawm Security Council ntawm Ukraine, thiab Alexander Litvinenko, Ph. D. Budapest Memorandum. Nws tau thov kom koom nrog cov xeev uas tau lees paub kev nyab xeeb ntawm Ukraine hauv 1994, nrog rau lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm loj hauv thaj chaw, koom nrog lub rooj sib tham.

Crimean ntsoog thiab ua raws li Memorandum

Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin tawm tsam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv Crimea thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1, 2014tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm Federation Council siv lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Ukrainian lub xeev kom txog rau thaum lub socio-political teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no normalized. Xws li kev ntsuas yog vim li cas, raws li Putin, rau qhov txawv txawv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Ukraine uas hem lub neej ntawm peb compatriots, nrog rau qhov tseeb hais tias, raws li ib tug thoob ntiaj teb treaty, cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub rog continent ntawm lub RF Armed Forces yog deployed. thaj chaw ntawm Ukrainian xeev. Tsis muaj leej twg tau tshaj tawm txog kev qhia cov tub rog, tab sis muaj ntau tus neeg uas tsis muaj cov cim qhia txog kev ntes tub rog ntawm Ukrainian Tub Rog. Raws li Ukrainian tub ceev xwm, lawv yog cov tub rog Lavxias.

Putin cov lus

Thawj Tswj Hwm Lavxias tau pib tsis lees paub tias peb cov tub rog tau koom nrog Crimean ntsoog. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab nkag ntawm Crimea rau hauv Lavxias Federation, Putin tau lees paub tias cov tub rog Lavxias tau txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm ceg av qab teb thaum lub sijhawm pov npav. Cov kev ua li no, raws li tus thawj tswj hwm, tau coj los ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov xwm txheej rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xav ntawm Crimeans thiab tswj kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Crimea. Tom qab ntawd, Vladimir Putin tau hais tias Russia yeej tsis zais qhov tseeb tias nws cov tub rog tau siv los thaiv cov tub rog Ukrainian.

Budapest memorandum los ntawm ob lub qhov muag ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm

Peb lub tebchaws tsis lees paub txhua qhov kev liam ntawm kev ua txhaum cai 1994 daim ntawv cog lus thiab, feem ntau, lawv siv tau rau qhov xwm txheej hauv Crimea. LavxiasThaum Lub Peb Hlis 4, 2014, tus thawj tswj hwm tau hais tawm qhov kev xav tias, txij li kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv Ukraine, nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias lub xeev tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws thaj chaw, thiab Russia tsis tau kos npe rau cov ntaub ntawv khi nrog rau nws.

Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws rau lub Plaub Hlis 1 tau tshaj tawm tias Lavxias Lavxias yeej tsis tau lees paub tias nws yuav yuam ib feem ntawm Ukraine tawm tsam cov neeg nyob hauv nroog kom nyob twj ywm hauv nws cov lus, thiab Budapest Memorandum ntawm 1994 ntawm cov xwm txheej uas. yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo-kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv hauv tebchaws, tsis siv. Tsoomfwv Meskas Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Lavxias tau hais txog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim hauv Crimea raws li cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm Lavxias Federation ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov teeb meem yog raws li hauv qab no: Budapest Memorandum hauv nws lub tswv yim tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm tsis txhob hem txog kev siv riam phom nuclear thiab tsis siv lawv tawm tsam cov xeev tsis muaj nuclear, uas yog Ukraine. Russia ua raws li lub luag haujlwm no tag nrho, thiab nws tsis raug ua txhaum cai li cas.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm Ukrainian tub ceev xwm

Ukrainian sab ntseeg hais tias kev ua ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv Crimea, suav nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv ceg av qab teb rau Russia, ua txhaum cai 1994 Budapest Memorandum. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 21, 2014, Verkhovna Rada tau txais tsab ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam rau Liberation ntawm Ukraine thiab hauv nws tau hais tias Lavxias Federation tsis tsuas yog ua txhaum txoj cai tam sim no ntawm lub tebchaws Ukrainian, tab sis kuj tsis quav ntsej cov cai ntawm kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb, uas. muaj nyob rau hauv UN Charter.

27Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2014, Andriy Deshchytsia, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws ntawm Ukraine, thaum hais lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm UN General Assembly tau hais tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev Ukrainian, tom qab ob lub lis piam ua tub rog, raug quab yuam los ntawm ib lub tebchaws. uas yav tas los tau cog lus los lav lub sovereignty, kev ywj pheej thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm Ukraine raws li Budapest memorandum. Deshchytsia thov kom UN General Assembly los txhawb kev daws teeb meem ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine, uas yuav tshaj tawm cov kev xaiv tsa hauv Crimea null thiab tsis muaj dab tsi.

Nyob hauv kaw

Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 2014, nyob rau hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo ntawm Budapest Memorandum, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Ukraine, ib zaug tau hu rau cov tog neeg rau qhov kev cog lus los txiav txim siab sib koom tes los yuam Russia ua kom tiav nws cov luag haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv lem, Sergey Lavrov, Lavxias teb sab Txawv teb chaws Minister, hais tias lub Memorandum tsis muaj cov luag num kom paub txog lub coup d'état uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Thiab nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 2014, cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg Crimean Initiative tau hais tias nws yog Ukraine uas tau ua txhaum cov cai ntawm Budapest Memorandum, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws kos npe, lub sovereignty ntawm lub teb chaws no tsis ntev mus rau lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea, thiab feem ntau, cov ceg av qab teb tau ua txhaum cai ntawm lub xeev Ukrainian tau ntau xyoo.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kos npe rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1994 tsis ploj mus txog niaj hnub no. Peb tsuas tuaj yeem ua raws li kev txhim kho.