Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve?

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve?
Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve?

Video: Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve?

Video: Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve?
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Anonim

Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve siv nws keeb kwm los ntawm qhov deb 1869. Vasilev I. I. muab tso ua ntej lub zej zog ntawm cov neeg nyiam kos duab cov lus nug ntawm kev xav tau los tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Yog vim li cas yog qhov pom thiab khoom plig, uas tau pib nkag mus rau hauv archaeological centre heev nquag. Tab sis lub tswv yim tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag, yam tsis muaj qhov ua tsis tau raws li qhov project.

Ib xyoos tom qab, K. G. Evlentiev, uas tau xa mus rau pawg thawj coj ntau qhov kev pom ntawm nws tus kheej: npib, nyiaj npib, thiab cov qauv pob zeb. Konstantin Grigorievich rov hais dua cov lus nug ntawm ib lub tsev dav thiab ruaj khov ua ntej lub koom haum archaeological.

Thaum xaiv thaj chaw, cov tswv cuab ntawm Archaeological Commission tau faib ntau qhov kev xav. Ib txhia txawm hais tias tsim ib lub tsev tshiab kiag li.

Foundation of the museum

Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1872 meej los khaws cov ntawv sau thaum ub los ntawm kev tshem tawmcov qub archives ntawm lub nroog (uas, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau cov kev cai lij choj kev hloov kho ntawm Emperor Alexander II, tau soj ntsuam). Lawv raug muab rhuav tshem, sau tawm lossis muag zoo li lawv tau pov tseg ntawm daim ntawv zeb hauv St. Petersburg.

kev ua haujlwm

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus kws sau keeb kwm hauv zos Nikolai Fomich Okulich-Kazarin, uas tuaj txog hauv Pskov, tau pib ua kom lub tsev khaws nyiaj khaws cia, ua thawj tus account ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv sau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej archaeological. Cov khoom lag luam no tau luam tawm xyoo 1906 thiab muaj 368 lub cim hauv cov lus piav qhia luv luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau luam tawm tus khub rau Pskov thaum ub, phau ntawv qhia uas tseem siv los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm Pskov qub.

museum space

Txij li xyoo 1900, lub tsev cia puav pheej tau pom nws qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov hauv Pogankin cov chav. Tom qab ntawd Pskov Archaeological Society thov Tsar Nicholas II kom hloov lub tsev keeb kwm no mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Pagankin's Chambers
Pagankin's Chambers

Myths and legends

Sergey Ivanovich Pagankin, tom qab uas qhov chaw muaj npe, yog Pskov tub lag luam. Thaum xub thawj, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, nws tau teev tseg raws li ib tug gardener, vim hais tias muaj cov zaub vaj nyob rau hauv no zajlus ntawm Pskov. Nws kuj yog lub taub hau ntawm kev lis kev cai thiab lub vaj mug, uas yog, cov chaw haus dej haus cawv (rau qhov no nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo). Ua tsaug rau nws lub npe, muaj ntau ntau cov lus xaiv nyob ib ncig ntawm Pagankin cov chav. Muaj cov lus dab neeg hais tias ntau cov khoom muaj nqis uas cov tub lag luam tau muab faus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Pskov, uas tseem tsis tau pom.

Family organizers

Cov tib neeg thiab tsev neeg ntawm lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim lub tsev cia puav pheejVan der Fleet. Nikolai Fedorovich tsis tau tsuas yog to taub qhov yuav tsum tau los tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis kuj tau txais nyiaj txiag nws creation. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tus poj ntsuam, poj ntsuam Elizaveta Karlovna, tau txais nyiaj txiag tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv Pogankin cov chav. Van der Flits tau siv feem ntau ntawm lawv cov hmoov zoo rau lub koom haum ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab kev tsim kho lub tsev kawm txuj ci kev lag luam (tsim hauv 1903, ris lawv lub npe).

Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Art thiab Kev Lag Luam hauv Pskov
Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Art thiab Kev Lag Luam hauv Pskov

Nws yog ib kauj ruam loj hauv "kev kov yeej" ntawm thaj chaw kab lis kev cai.

Post-revolutionary xyoo

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig xyoo 1917, muaj ib lub sijhawm uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau cov kos duab Lavxias thaum ub. Lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem, txawm yog dab tsi hauv sab hauv kuj raug puas tsuaj. Tab sis cov neeg nyob hauv Pskov xav txog yuav ua li cas cawm lawv hauv 30s. Lawv ntseeg cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog tias cov tsev teev ntuj uas raug kaw yuav tsum tau ua ceg ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Thiab yog li ntawd, tsis tsuas yog lub tsev teev ntuj Pskov tsis puas, tab sis tag nrho cov relics tau khaws cia rau ntawd: lub iconostasis, desktop icons, crosses, thiab hais txog.

Paintings ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve
Paintings ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve

Tom qab ntawd lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Pskov-Reserve nthuav tawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab kos duab hauv kev kos duab - ib qho zoo kawg nkaus sau ntawm numismatics thiab archaeology ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting, nrog rau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus sau ntawm nyiaj ntaus nqi rau lub tuam tsev tsev cia puav pheej.

In the 40s of the war

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej, sai li sai tau thaum tsov rog pib, thov lub tsheb ciav hlau echelon thiaj li coj tawm qhov muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog ib lub wagon tau faib, yog li cov khoom muaj nqis tsawg heev tau raug coj tawm. Rau ntau qhov, kev sau cov khoom siv nyiaj tau raug khaws cia, vim hais tias raws li lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov lus qhia, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov nyiaj.

Khaws cov khoom siv nyiaj
Khaws cov khoom siv nyiaj

Pskov tau nyob los ntawm cov tub rog German uas pib tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Cov Germans, thaum lawv tawm mus, tshem tawm txhua yam hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Muaj ib qho kev faib tag nrho uas tau koom nrog kev xa cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm Russia mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov icons uas rov qab mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm East Prussia tom qab tsov rog muaj ib tug German cipher, thiab nyob rau hauv no cipher lawv qhia lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm lawv tau coj. Tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog rov qab los ntawm cov khoom rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, muaj ntau qhov tsis meej pem nrog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Novgorod.

Phau ntawv muab tso ua ke nyob rau xyoo 1920 los ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Lyapustin thiab Lub Yim Hli Karlovich Janson, tus thawj coj ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej, ua kom nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom ua ntej kev ua tsov ua rog. Thaum cov khoom tseem ceeb no tau khiav tawm mus rau lub nroog Sovetsk thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog, lawv tau rov qab los rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej tsis poob raws li cov khoom muag.

museum complex today

Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov khoom ploj tau pib rov qab los, thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj tuaj. Lub Plaub Hlis 12, 1958, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm RSFSR ntawm Pskov Thaj Chaw tau txiav txim siab hloov lub npe Pskov Keeb Kwm thiab Art Tsev khaws puav pheej rau hauv Pskov State Historical, Architectural thiab Art Museum-Reserve, uas muaj lub npe no rau hnub no.

Hnub no Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve muaj ntau yam khoom vaj tsev loj. Feem ntau, cov no yog chav tsev, nyiaj txiag cia, tsib ceg hauvthaj chaw.

Depository ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve
Depository ntawm Pskov Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve

Churches thiab chapels kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Pskov Art Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve. Cov no muaj xws li lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub Assumption ntawm lub Blessed Virgin Mary, lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Anastasia, lub Transfiguration Cathedral ntawm lub Mirozhsky Monastery.

Transfiguration Cathedral
Transfiguration Cathedral

Kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm ntawm Pskov Keeb Kwm thiab Architectural Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej: tus kws ntaus hlau vaj ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Vasilyevsky ntauwd ntawm xyoo pua 14th, tsev cia puav pheej-chav tsev thiab tsev-tsev cia puav pheej rau V. I. Lenin. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ib lub tsev cia puav pheej-chav tsev nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws kos duab tshwj xeeb ntawm xyoo pua 20th, Yu. P. Spegalsky.

Tsev khaws puav pheej-chav tsev ntawm Spegalsky
Tsev khaws puav pheej-chav tsev ntawm Spegalsky

Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv thaj av Pskov tsim cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw archaeological: memorial vaj tse-tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus lej zoo nkauj S. V. Kovalevskaya, lub tsev khaws puav pheej-tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ci ntsa iab M. P. Mussorgsky,

Tsev-Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Mussorgsky
Tsev-Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Mussorgsky

Lub tsev cia puav pheej tau mob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm Novorzhevsk Thaj Chaw, lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv sau cia hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv M. V. Yamshchikova, uas txhua leej txhua tus paub nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym Al. Altaev, lub tsev khaws puav pheej-tsev khaws puav pheej hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.

Pom zoo: