Keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej hauv Moscow - dab tsi mus xyuas? Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Moscow

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis muaj nqi tiag tiag yog khaws cia los ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv Moscow. Lub neej tsis txaus los tshawb txog txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm. Tab sis peb xav kom paub txog qee yam ntawm lawv zoo dua. Peb muab kev ncig xyuas luv luv ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev.

State Historical Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow

Cov neeg Lavxias feem ntau muaj lub tswv yim zoo ntawm peb-zaj av cib liab nrog lub ru tsev dawb nyob ntawm Red Square.

Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Keeb Kwm Loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 1872 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander II. Xyoo 1974, Lub Nroog Duma tau faib ib thaj av ntawm Red Square rau kev tsim kho, qhov chaw nws tau muab tso rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo nrog kev koom tes ntawm huab tais. Lub tsev pseudo-Lavxias teb sab style nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug pej thuam yog tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Shevrud thiab engineer Semyonov. Nws organically haum rau hauv cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm, muaj xws li Moscow Kremlin thiab St. Basil's Cathedral. Halls ntawm Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscowtsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo: Vasnetsov, Korovin, Aivazovsky, Repin. Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1881, thiab nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1883 lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau ntsib thawj tus neeg ncig tebchaws.

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, suav nrog yuav luag 5 lab yam khoom thiab 14 lab cov ntaub ntawv, qhia txog txhua theem ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob - txij li thaum ub mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Crimean Tsov Rog tau los ua thawj cov khoom ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era, ib co hniav ntsiab raug rhuav tshem thiab cov murals tau whitewashed. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tug loj-scale restoration pib rov qab mus rau lub keeb kwm tsos, uas tau rov qab los nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm 2003. Hauv xyoo 2006, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam mus tas li, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim raws sijhawm thiab tam sim no nyob hauv 39 chav nyob ntawm ob pem teb. Txhua lub sijhawm muaj nws lub tsev, thiab thawj zaug ntawm lawv muaj cov khoom pov thawj cuam tshuam txog kev sib koom ua ke thaum ub.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv Moscow khaws ntau yam nthuav thiab tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom pov thawj tau sau rau yuav luag ib puas xyoo thiab ib nrab. Nov yog ob peb yam:

• Ntau tus nasmoth tiag tiag pom ntawm ntug dej ntawm Yenisei los ntawm tus tub lag luam los ntawm Irkutsk Gromov thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 19th thiab pub los ntawm nws mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej.
• Ib lub nkoj ntev 7.5 meters, hollowed nrog lub pob zeb ntawm ib tsob ntoo ntoo. Nws tau pom ntawm Don bank ze Voronezh los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos xyoo 1954.
• Ib daim ntawv faus rau ntawm qhov chaw Sungir ze Vladimir, uas muaj ntau tshaj 25 txhiab xyoo.
• Taman sarcophagus IV century BCad. Nws tau pom thaum pib ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los ntawm thaj chaw uas lub xeev Greek thaum ub ntawm Bosporan Kingdom, uas nyob hauv Kerch thiab Taman Peninsulas, siv los ua.
• Tashtyk lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tso cai rau koj los xav txog seb cov neeg uas nyob rau yav qab teb Siberia hauv xyoo pua 2 BC zoo li cas. e. - 5 xyoo pua AD e.
• Cov hlab ntsha ua los ntawm tur horns - rhytons.

• "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw" - thawj tsab, yos rov qab mus rau 1800.

• Cov mummified seem ntawm ib tug poj niam Lavxias hnub nyoog 25 xyoo los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Egyptian pyramids.
• thawj birch bark ntawm lub xyoo pua XIV, pom nyob ze Novgorod xyoo 1951. Nov yog ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev sau cov nuj nqis, sau los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm boyar vaj tse.

Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej

Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm peb lub peev, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin, muaj cov tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb. Lawv koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub npe - Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej. Muaj rau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho: lub Armory, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Deposition ntawm lub Robe, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Applied Arts thiab lub neej ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub Assumption, Archangel thiab Annunciation Cathedrals.

Armory

Cov tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv Moscow suav nrog lub ntiaj teb cov nyiaj muaj npe nrov, muaj npe tom qab Kremlin cov khoom qub qub. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv ib lub tsev tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse K. Ton hauv xyoo 1891. Cov khoom sau los ntawm Armory Chamber muaj cov jewels los ntawm tsarist treasury thiab patriarchal sacristy, ua los ntawm Kremlin craftsmen, raws li zoo raws li pub los ntawm embassies ntawm lwm lub xeev.

Ceremonial khaub ncaws, coronation tiab, lub xeev regalia, khaub ncaws ntawm hierarchs ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab, cov khoom ntawm armory craftsmen, ib tug sau ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm kub thiab nyiaj ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab craftsmen, kos duab nyiaj los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, carriages, ceremonial nees hnav khaub ncaws yog khaws cia ntawm no. Tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Armory muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kos duab, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm txog plaub puas txhiab yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab ntawm Lavxias lub xeev, cov tebchaws ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Tebchaws Europe, pib txij xyoo pua 4th thiab xaus rau thaum pib ntawm 20th.

Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow hnub no tau nruab nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab: cov neeg tuaj saib muaj lub sijhawm los siv cov lus qhia hluav taws xob rau Armory.

Assumption Cathedral

Tau ntau pua xyoo nws tau ua lub tuam tsev loj hauv tebchaws Russia. Coronations ntawm emperors, kab tshoob rau lub nceeg vaj, teem lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, raws li zoo raws li lub faus ntawm patriarchs thiab metropolitans tau tuav ntawm no.

Cov neeg tuaj saib tau nthuav tawm nrog tsib-tiered iconostasis siab tshaj 16 meters siab. Ntawm no kuj yog lub teb chaws cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev hwm, ib pawg ntawm monumental painting, ib qho chaw thov Vajtswv rau Ivan VI, keeb kwm necropolis.

Annunciation Cathedral

keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej hauv Moscow yog nyob hauv ntau lub tsev teev ntuj qub. Blagoveshchensky yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob monuments ntawm Moscow Kremlin, ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm Moscow thiab Pskov architecture nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub Great Russian princes thiab tsars. Thaum nws keeb kwm nws tau hloov pauv ntau yam. Lub 6-tiered iconostasis thaum ub, suav nrog yuav luag ib puas lub cim, thiab pawg ntawm cov duab kos duab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qee lub cim ntawm kab kev ua koob tsheej yog tus poj Andrei Rublev, thiab cov cim ntawm kab deesis tau pleev xim los ntawm Theophanes Greek.

Arkhangelsk Cathedral

Lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, tau tsim 500 xyoo dhau los, tab sis nws keeb kwm pib xav tias yog xyoo 1247-1248. Nws tau los ua thawj lub ntxa ntawm cov tub huabtais loj ntawm Lavxias. Muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj thiab 47 lub ntxa tombstones hauv necropolis. Cov phab ntsa thiab cov ncej ntawm Archangel Cathedral tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Moscow.

Ordination Church

Lub tsev tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov yawg koob thiab cov nroog tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm thaum ntxov Moscow architecture nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Pskov architecture. Ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me nyob nruab nrab ntawm Faceted Chamber thiab Assumption Cathedral. Lub iconostasis ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, pleev xim los ntawm Nazariy Istomin, yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis. Lub painting ntawm cov phab ntsa tau ua raws li medieval canons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Lub tuam tsev hosts exhibitions ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntoo duab puab. Cov monuments zoo sib xws, uas muaj tsawg tsawg hnub no, tau sau hauv ntau lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Russia.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Lub Neej ntawm 17th caug xyoo

Nyob hauv Patriarch's Chambers, lub qub palace ntawm cov yawg suab Lavxias, uas tau tsim rau Nikon. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej hluas no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1962, thiab kev nthuav tawm yog raws li cov khoom pov thawjArmory. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntawm tib lub sij hawm, uas nws tham txog, keeb kwm interiors yog recreated. Thawj chav qhia txog cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm Patriarch Nikon thiab lwm lub taub hau ntawm pawg ntseeg. Sakkos, cov neeg ua haujlwm, hoods yog keeb kwm thiab kos duab muaj nqis.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm cov rooj tog qub txeeg qub teg, lub kaus mom, lub hauv siab, saib, checkers, nyiaj chess. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: goblets, kub thiab nyiaj tais diav, khob, kua txob shakers, ntsev shakers.

nthuav dav cov txiv neej thiab poj niam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub: buckles, nyees khawm, cufflinks, tsej, rings, rings. Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog headdresses, tsev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub kim.

Ntawm no tso tawm cov ntawv sau ua ke, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom me me, cov ntxaij vab tshaus muaj yeeb yuj, xaus. Ntawm lawv muaj ib daim ntawv luam tshwj xeeb rau Tsarevich Alexei - Karion Istomin's Primer.

Tseem muaj chaw rau kev lom zem huab tais. Cov no yog cov khoom yos hav zoov: ntxiab, horns nrog kub notches, phom nrog kaus ntxhw thiab niam-ntawm-pearl decorations, elegant hmoov flasks, hneev nrog xub ua los ntawm cypress, birch, cedar,

Palaeontological Tsev khaws puav pheej

Lub ntiaj teb lub chaw kawm thiab kev kawm nkaus xwb yog ib feem ntawm RAS lub koom haum ntawm tib lub npe thiab suav tias yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws.

Nws tau tsim tsa hauv Moscow hauv xyoo 1937. Xyoo 1954, nws tau raug kaw vim qhov tsis tuaj yeem tso tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj rau ntawm thaj chaw me me: tag nrho cov chav tsev nyob txog 700 square meters. m faib nyob rau hauvArena ntawm suav Orlov ntawm Bolshaya Kaluga, tam sim no Leninsky Prospekt. Yuav tsum muaj ib lub tsev cais. Nws txoj kev tsim kho pib tsuas yog xyoo 1972 hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog. Nws yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo los tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 1987, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Dinosaur tshiab tau qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg tuaj saib thawj zaug.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov organic hauv ntiaj teb. Thaj chaw yog li 5000 sq. m. Txog 5,000 qhov khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm hauv rau lub tsev. Txhua lub tsev tau mob siab rau qee theem hauv kev txhim kho cov organic hauv ntiaj teb.

• Introductory Hall. Kev ncig xyuas pib nrog ib zaj dab neeg txog paleontology, nws cov ntu thiab kev loj hlob. Cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev yog lub pob txha ntawm ib tug mammoth pom nyob rau hauv Siberia xyoo 1842. Kuj tseem muaj cov vaj huam sib luag ceramic uas qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub neej ntawm hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob ntawm lub tsev, portraits ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub sij hawm uas kawm txog kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no organic yog nthuav tawm. Ntawm lawv yog cov neeg nto moo xws li Darwin thiab Lomonosov. Tus sau cov duab uas ua los ntawm cov tooj liab forged yog tus kws kos duab A. Chernov.
• Lub tsev thib ob tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm Precambrian thiab Paleozoic thaum ntxov. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem kawm txog thawj cov kab mob uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb: cov nroj tsuag thiab invertebrates. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog artistic thiab monumental tej hauj lwm depicting cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub flora thiab fauna ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd: pob zeb carving, ceramic panels, ceramic sculptures.

• Nyob rau hauv peb chav, cov neeg tuaj saib yuav paub txog lub geological yav dhau los ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow thiab thaj chaw nyob ze, uas rau ntau labxyoo nyob hauv dej. Ntawm no yog cov seem ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv: algae, invertebrates, ntses.

  

• Cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev thib plaub yog rau Paleozoic lig thiab Mesozoic thaum ntxov. Severo-Dvinskaya Gallery tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm no nrog ib pab pawg pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles thiab cov dinocephals loj, uas tau sau los ntawm xibfwb Amalitsky. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu hauv cov txheej txheem ntoo carving thiab pleev xim rau ceramic reliefs. Lub tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tsob ntoo phylogenetic ntawm vertebrates ua los ntawm forged tooj liab thiab ib tug chandelier nrog dluab ntawm ancient vertebrates ncua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
• Lub tsev thib tsib yuav paub cov qhua nrog lub ntiaj teb organic ntawm ib nrab ntawm Mesozoic thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm pangolins ntawm lub sijhawm no. Ntawm no yog ib phau ntawm cov noog thiab dinosaurs los ntawm lub sijhawm Jurassic thiab Cretaceous. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb yog diplodocus, cam khwb cia ntawm lub cev pob txha uas tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1910 rau Nicholas II los ntawm Asmeskas E. Carnegie hauv kev hwm ntawm 300 xyoo ntawm Romanov dynasty.
• Lub tsev thib rau yog mob siab rau lub sijhawm Cenozoic, keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm flora thiab fauna tau nthuav tawm ntawm no. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog cov pob txha ntawm cov loj heev indricotherium rhinoceros, gomphotherium mastodon, bighorn mos lwj, qhov tsua bears.

Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog hauv Moscow

Nws keeb kwm pib xyoo 1919, thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam mus tas li "Lub Neej ntawm Tub Rog Liab thiab Navy" tau tsim.

Keeb kwm ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog qhov tshwm sim hauv 15,000 cov khoom pov thawj, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv 24 chav, npog thaj tsam ntawm 5,000 square meters. m. Cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tso rau hauv lub sijhawm raws sijhawm: keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias mus txog rau xyoo 1917, xyoo ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, Cov Tub Rog Liab ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Soviet Union, xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, xyoo tom qab tsov rog. lub Soviet Armed Forces. Cov ntaub ntawv, khoom plig, duab, riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej ua tub rog, ib qho kev sau ntawm banners, cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog, tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog tau nthuav tawm.

Lwm cov tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv Moscow

Cov npe ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm mus rau. Ntawm lawv yog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Niaj Hnub Nyoog, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1917 thiab mob siab rau rau Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tiv Thaiv Moscow tau pib muaj nyob rau xyoo 1981 nrog kev nthuav qhia rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Moscow.

Lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tub rog hauv Moscow yog Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Lub memorial complex tau qhib rau ntawm Poklonnaya Hill nyob rau hauv 1995 nyob rau lub ntees ntawm lub 50th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej.

Moscow keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1896 los ntawm Lub Nroog Duma. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow City Economy, thiab thawj qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov chaw yog Krestovsky dej yees. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow ua ke nrog ntau lub tuam tsev: archaeology, vaj tse kab lis kev cai, keeb kwm ntawm Lefortovo, English courtyard.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow Archaeology tau qhib ua ib ceg ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow rau lub sijhawm 850th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev xyoo 1997. Rau nws, ib tug undergroundpavilion ntawm qhov tob ntawm 7 meters ntawm qhov chaw ntawm archaeological ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm reconstruction ntawm Manezhnaya Square nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Lub Tsev Kawm Lus Askiv kuj tseem yog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Moscow thiab yog ib lub tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog. Ntawm cov expositions: "Medieval Moscow los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm txawv teb chaws", "Keeb kwm ntawm Anglo-Lavxias teb sab kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub 15th-12th Centuries", "History ntawm Chambers ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Askiv". Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj kev nthuav qhia mus tas li "Mus saib Elizabeth II hauv 1994 mus rau Chambers ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Qub hauv Moscow".