Lub Xeev Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias lub nroog. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas muaj coob tus neeg ncig tebchaws xav mus, xav pom txhua qhov khoom pov thawj thiab thaij duab tawm tsam lub nraub qaum ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej.
Keeb kwm kev tsim kho
Txawm hais tias muaj koob meej ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub peev ntawm Russia, los ntawm cov qauv keeb kwm, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow suav tias yog hluas heev. Tab sis ua tsaug rau nws qhov chaw thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb khaws cia hauv nws, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog ntawm Russia.
Lub tswv yim los tsim lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm tau tshwm sim hauv 1872. Tus thawj coj ntawm nws qhov kev siv thiab kev tsim kho lub tsev yog Emperor Alexander II, uas xav ua kom lub cim xeeb ntawm Crimean War. Tias yog vim li cas thawj cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog kev ua tsov rog trophies. Yav dhau los, lub tsev nyob hauv Zemsky Prikaz (Ministry of Regional Development). Qhov project nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm engineer A. A. Semenov thiab artist V. O. Sherwood, thiab tom qab ntawd A. Popov. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev yog lub tsev tsim los ntawm cov qauv uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv architecture ntawm Red Square.
Nws siv sijhawm yuav luag 6 xyoo - txij xyoo 1875 txog 1881. Tom qab ntawd nws siv sijhawm 2 xyoos los tshawb nrhiav cov khoom pov thawj thiab tsim sab hauv, uas cov neeg pleev kob nto moo xws li I. K. Aivazovsky, V. M. Vasnetsov koom, tom qab ntawd I. E. Repin thiab V. A. Serov koom nrog. lawv. Los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws anthropological thiab archaeological sau, nrog rau cov tsev qiv ntawv, tau coj tuaj ntawm no. Hnub qhib yog lub Tsib Hlis 27, 1883.
Txhim kho keeb kwm tsev khaws puav pheej tom qab kiv puag ncig
Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, muaj kev hem thawj loj ntawm kev nyiag khoom, tab sis Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev tau coj tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj los tiv thaiv. Lub sijhawm Soviet tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum no: cov duab puab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm tsov ntxhuav, unicorns, thiab ob-headed eagles (cov cim vaj ntxwv) uas dai rau lub façade ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug rhuav tshem.
Los ntawm 1922 txog 1934 lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ntxiv nrog ntau qhov kev sau: cov khoom los ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral, Novodevichy Convent thiab Kolomenskoye Tsev khaws puav pheej-Estate tau ntxiv. Cov chav ntawm Romanov boyars kuj tau los ua pov thawj.
Nyob rau xyoo 1944, Lub Xeev Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Red Square tau txais lub npe ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm keeb kwm Lavxias thiab keeb kwm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm hom no.
Txoj hmoo xyoo 1990-2000
pib ntawm keeb kwm niaj hnub ntawm lub tsev haujlwm no tau cim los ntawm kev tsim kho loj,vim 1986-1997. kev mus ntsib raug txiav. Tab sis ua tsaug rau qhov no, tam sim no peb tuaj yeem pom lub tsev cia puav pheej raws li nws tau xeeb thaum pib.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev kho sab nraud, sab hauv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kuj tau rov qab los, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom pov thawj tau raug kho dua tshiab, thiab lub elevator rau cov neeg xiam oob khab tau teeb tsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab saib xyuas txhua qhov khoom pov thawj uas tsis tau nthuav tawm tam sim no nyob.
Inside the State Historical Museum on Red Square zoo li lub tsev huab tais. Nws cheeb tsam yog plaub txhiab square meters. Lub ntsiab nkag yog tsob ntoo tsev neeg loj heev, tawm tsam hauv nws qhov loj, uas muaj cov duab ntawm 68 tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 39 lub tsev tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem, uas yuav qhia tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm Russia txij thaum ub los txog rau niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb muaj txhua yam hais txog lub pre-Petrine lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ib qho kev nthuav qhia rau Russia tom qab lub autocrat "txiav lub qhov rais rau cov teb chaws Europe." Lub tsev thib peb tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Peter I mus rau Alexander III, thaum lub thib plaub yog tshwj tseg rau ntau yam kev nthuav qhia ib ntus.
Ntxiv mus, cov rooj sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb, kev qhuab qhia, kev hais kwv txhiaj, nrog rau cov pob tiag feem ntau muaj nyob ntawm no, cov ntawv sau cia thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm tau tshwm sim.
Nyob rau xyoo 1996, kev sau ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm muaj 4,373 txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj thiab ntau dua 15 lab cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, thiab txij li ntawd los nws muajnthuav ntau zaus. Niaj hnub no, ntawm cov khoom pov thawj nto moo tshaj plaws yog Svyatoslav's Izbornik, Thwj Tim, lub nkoj yim-meter carved nrog axes rov qab rau lub sijhawm prehistoric, walrus tusk nrog tsab ntawv, Kazan Niam ntawm Vajtswv icon, saber ntawm Emperor Bonaparte, armor uas muaj. ciaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Alexander Nevsky thiab ntau ntxiv, nrog rau cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm nto moo thiab legendary tsars, tub rog thiab pej xeem cov nuj nqis (Peter I, Nicholas II thiab V. I. Lenin).
Lenin Mausoleum
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lenin hauv Moscow ntawm Red Square yog lwm qhov nyiam thiab nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub mummy ntawm V. I. Lenin tseem khaws cia rau ntawd. Nws tau nyob ib sab ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb hauv Senate Ntauwd txij li xyoo 1930. Thawj Mausoleum yog ib ntus. Nws tau tsim 6 hnub tom qab kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Ilyich - Lub ib hlis ntuj 27, 1924, thiab twb nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj, ib tug tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm A. V. Shchusev. Tom qab 6 xyoo, raws li qhov project ntawm tib tus kws kes duab vajtse, lub qhov ntxa zeb tau txhim tsa, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no.
Cov qhua sawv ntawm Lenin Mausoleum tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930, thiab lub hauv paus - hauv xyoo 1938. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, lub cev tau hloov mus rau Tyumen ib ntus, qhov chaw khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Los ntawm 1953 txog 1961, lub cev ntawm I. V. Stalin kuj tseem nyob hauv Moscow crypt, ces lub monument tau raug hu ua "Mausoleum of V. I. Lenin thiab I. V. Stalin."
Xyoo 1983-1984 nws hloov me ntsis, tab sis qhov tsos tseem yuav luag zoo ib yam.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lenin hauv Moscow ntawm Red Square yog qhov chaw thib ob tom qab Kremlin. Kawg nwskho dua tshiab nrog ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus tau ua nyob rau hauv 2013.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Hloov Kho yog nyob ntawm Tverskaya Street, 21. Nws nthuav tawm qhia txog txhua yam xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim hauv Lavxias Federation dhau 150 xyoo dhau los: kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ua qhev, kev hloov pauv, txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke., Great Patriotic War, thawj lub davhlau ntawm Soviet cosmonaut Y. Gagarin thiab lwm yam.
Txog xyoo 1917, English Club tau nyob hauv lub tsev no, thiab tom qab ntawd Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Hloov Kho tau raug teeb tsa hauv lub tsev loj. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, ntawm Red Square nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj-Kaum ib hlis, cov txheej xwm txiav txim siab ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig tau tshwm sim: shelling ntawm junkers uas tau entrenched lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin los ntawm lub revolutionary rog. Cov kab thaiv tau tsim rau txhua txoj kev nyob ze, vim yog kev sib ntaus sib tua, 240 tus neeg raug faus rau hauv qhov ntxa loj ze ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin. Ib qho kev nthuav tawm ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej tau mob siab rau cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no.
Expositions ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno keeb kwm ntawm Russia
Nyob rau xyoo 1998, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Hloov Kho tau hloov kho rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia. Txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm niaj hnub no tau sib cais los ntawm lub sijhawm: thawj zaug pib zaj dab neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab autocracy thiab serfdom, thiab tseem tham txog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kev hloov kho thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua tub rog thiab kev txiav txim, hauv tsoomfwv hauv nroog.
Cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev, uas yog lub tsev sau los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub USSR (los ntawm lub Civil War mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm Perestroika). Cov no yog ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tuakhoom plig, riam phom thiab banners.
Nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia muaj hnub nyoog 100 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, ntau dua 1.3 lab cov khoom pov thawj tau sau ntawm no. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv peb pem teb, kuj muaj ib tug lecture hall thiab buffet. Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pom cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm ntau tus neeg nom tswv (Stalin thiab lwm tus).
Museums ntawm Red Square
Tim neeg ncig tebchaws tsuas muaj 3 teev mus xyuas Lenin Mausoleum: lub sijhawm no yog los ntawm 10.00 txog 13.00 rau txhua hnub ua haujlwm thiab hnub so.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow qhib txij hnub Monday txog Thursday - txij 10.00 txog 18.00; Hnub Friday thiab Hnub Saturday - los ntawm 10.00 txog 21.00; Hnub Sunday - txij 10.00 txog 18.00.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txhua hnub ntawm lub lim tiam, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, txij 11.00 txog 19.00; Thursday - los ntawm 12.00 txog 21.00.
Daim pib nqi
Ib qho chaw nrov tshaj plaws hauv Moscow yog Red Square. Tsev khaws puav pheej uas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov nqi pib (qee zaum txawm tias dawb) yog qhov yuav tsum pom rau txhua tus neeg nyiam keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev.
Daim pib nqi mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam: 250 rubles. - tag nrho daim pib thiab 100 rubles. - rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov nyiaj laus.
Nkag mus rau Lenin Mausoleum yog dawb.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow muaj cov nqi pib hauv qab no: 350 rubles. - cov neeg laus, 100 rubles. - rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nyiaj laus.
