Kev sib tw zoo meej thiab tsis zoo: cov ntsiab lus, yam ntxwv, cov qauv tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:52

Kev sib tw zoo meej thiab tsis zoo tag nrho, lawv cov qauv, qauv, cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tau ua rau lub siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam rau ntau pua xyoo.

Kev sib tw, raws li koj paub, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam. Nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom, qhov tom kawg muaj kev ywj pheej xaiv tsis pub dhau, thaum txhua tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum ua pov thawj rau nws tias nws qhov kev xaiv yog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws.

kev sib tw.

Qhov yog tias tau ntev ntev cov neeg thov txim ntawm lub npe hu ua lag luam dawb tau sib cav tias nws yog nws uas tuaj yeem daws txhua yam teeb meem kev lag luam ntawm no lossis lub zej zog, txiav txim siab vector ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm xws li ib tug economic qauv, lawv pom ntshiabkev sib tw uas loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov tib neeg yuav koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab kev koom tes ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv rau tag nrho cov ntim ntawm kev tsim khoom yuav yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv ib leeg tuaj yeem muaj kev txiav txim siab rau nqe tsim.

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam sib tw zoo kawg nkaus qhia qhov tsis muaj nqi tseem ceeb rau kev tshaj tawm thiab kev tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam rau lwm lub khw. Txhua qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nqi thiab cov khoom zoo. Txhua lub tuam txhab txhua lub sijhawm muaj sijhawm tawm hauv kev lag luam yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lawv tus kheej.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li keeb kwm tau qhia, kev lag luam huv tau dhau los ua ntau qhov kev tsis pom tseeb dua li qhov tseeb. Tham txog qhov tseeb tias kev sib tw zoo meej thiab tsis zoo tag nrho yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua lag luam, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm tib neeg, tau hloov mus ua tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li kev xav zoo. Kev sib tw tsis zoo, raws li nws tau nthuav tawm, ua si thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm noob neej.

Cov qauv hauv qab no ntawm kev sib tw tsis zoo tam sim no paub:

1. Kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab loj monopoly. Cov qauv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam qhov chaw, thaum qhov no los yog cov sector tau muab faib los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj, txhua tus muaj txhua lub sijhawm,los ua ib tus neeg muag khoom hauv ib lub tebchaws. Nws yog cov qauv no uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm "kev sib tw zoo thiab tsis zoo". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias peb coj tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam tag nrho, ces ntawm no tsis yog ib qho chaw tsim khoom muaj kev txiav txim siab qib uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov khaub ncaws ncaws pob thiab cov khoom lag luam.

2. Oligopoly. Cov qauv no xav tias kev ua lag luam rau qee yam khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam tau muab faib rau qee cov tuam txhab loj, uas, feem ntau, muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Raws li cov nqi hauv oligopoly, cov tuam txhab pom zoo rau kev tsim cov tswv yim, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsis yog cov khoom tseem ceeb yuav txawv. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.

3. Kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, thaum muaj ib tus neeg ua si hauv kev ua lag luam no, uas txiav txim siab tus nqi, qhov zoo, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Tsis muaj lwm lub tuam txhab raug tso cai hauv qhov chaw lag luam no, cov chaw tsim khoom siv tsis xav tau kev tshaj tawm. Ib qho piv txwv yog OAO Gazprom.