SAU "Hummel": piav qhia, yam ntxwv, tua ntau yam thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Tus German Wehrmacht rau lub sijhawm ntev tau siv cov riam phom hnyav hnyav rau ntau hom kev sib tw. Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws tau mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj, cov thawj coj tau ntsib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov platforms rau kev thauj cov phom rau tus kheej. Hummel yog ib qho kev txhim kho siab tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, sib txuas ua kom muaj zog, ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj hluav taws xob.

Howitzer tau ua

Qhov kev paub ntawm Blitzkrieg tau pom tias kev npaj ceev faj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua feem ntau ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Tanks tsis tshua muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tsoo, txav deb ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov phom loj vim lawv cov kev txav mus los. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem nrog cov tub rog infantry tau daws los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm armored thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom sai sai npaj hnyav howitzers thiab artillery installation nyob rau hauv lub hom kev tawm tsam sai.

Hummel rab phom self-propelled tau txiav txim siab muab tso rau ntawm lub chassis taug qab, uas ua rau nws tus kheej-propelled, muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau Germanlub tank. Ntawm no lwm qhov teeb meem tshwm sim - cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog sib txawv heev uas ib lub tswv yim universal tsis txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub tshuab tsim los rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tau tsim.

Interim solution

Hauv xyoo 1941, German cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog tau muab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim tus kheej-propelled howitzers rau ntau lub tuam txhab. Ntawm lawv:

• Rheinmetall.
• Krupp.
• Daimler-Benz.
• Skoda.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim khoom tau hais tawm kev npau taws heev vim yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov hu ua "kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab". Lub Wehrmacht xav tau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv tsuas yog ob hom - artillery mounts nruab nrog 105 mm cannon thiab 150 mm howitzer.

Lub npe ua ntej yog vim qhov tseeb tias yav tom ntej nws tau npaj los tsim cov phom sib txawv ntawm tus kheej, tsim tsis yog los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov khoom seem ntawm lwm lub tsheb, tab sis yog cov chav ua haujlwm puv puv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsim kho tau xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li lub sijhawm kawg thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.

Tsim

Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Hummel tank destroyer yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau mounting phom IFH-18 (105 mm) thiab SFH-18 (150 mm). Rau qhov no, lub chassis ntawm PZ. KPF-2/4 tso tsheb hlau luam tau siv. Feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub cev muaj zoglub compartment nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub stern, thiab sab compartment yog nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm lub combat unit.

Chassis armor tsis tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Kev tiv thaiv tau muab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim los tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm caj npab me me thiab shrapnel. Nws tau npaj kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev teeb tsa, tsis hais qhov chaw ntawm rab phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los lav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov roj cia ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog lub hauv paus tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws kuj tau xav tias cov neeg coob ntawm Hummel self-propelled phom yuav yog rau tus neeg tua phom rau 105 hli thiab 7 rau rab phom 150 hli. Tag nrho cov khoom tshiab thiab cov khoom sib dhos tau npaj los tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm uas siv cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv tshuab yuav tsum khaws cia kom tsawg.

Txoj kev txwv hauv kev txhim kho

Lub howitzer hauv nqe lus nug tau tsim los ua ke nrog lwm qhov haujlwm hu ua Vespa. Cov neeg tsim qauv twb nyob rau theem pib tau ntsib cov kev txwv hauv cov txheej txheem xaiv. Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub chassis hauv nqe lus nug yog qhov xav tau thiab paub zoo txog thaj chaw teeb meem txog kev hloov pauv thaum ntxov. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txwv tsis pub muaj mos txwv. Ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom "Hummel" nws tsuas yog 18 lub plhaub. Yog li ntawd, yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm cov kev txhim kho tshiab tau tsim ua raws li hom armored cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj khoom thauj cov nqi. Tab sis nws tau dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej zoo li no mus rau hauv tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yam tsis tau mus xyuas lub rooj cob qhia lossis hangar.

Kev muab lub teeb thiab hnyav nws tus kheej-propelled phom rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pib thawj zaugib nrab xyoo 1943. Cov kev tsis ntseeg uas twb muaj lawm hais txog qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm "kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab" tau muab tshem tawm tom qab kev siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov roj teeb ntawm lub tank. Lawv cov chav tau txais kev txhawb nqa phom loj zoo heev. Tom qab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tub rog txoj haujlwm ntawm Wehrmacht yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis lees txais kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov haujlwm no. Tsuas yog ob peb tus qauv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tus kheej rab phom ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no tau tsim.

Tsim nta

Tus thawj ntawm tus Hummel hu ua Geschutzwagen. Nws tau nruab rau ntawm lub chassis ntawm PZKPF tank nrog 150 hli SFH-18 cannon. Txhawm rau tsim qhov kev tsim no, xaiv cov cuab yeej siv armored tsheb tau siv. Sab nrauv ntawm cov chav khiav haujlwm sib raug rau JV Ausf. F lub tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv suav nrog cov khoom ntawm PzKpfw tank ntau li ntau tau. III Ausf.

Ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, ib qho kev hloov kho lub cev, muaj cov log tsheb hauv cov iav khiav, cov kab ntsig kab laug sab, taug qab tensioners thiab cov zoo li tau sau tseg. Los ntawm lub tank thib ob, rab phom nws tus kheej tau txais lub zog Maybach nrog rau chav sib kis (ib hom SSG-77). Cov khoom siv ntawm lub tsheb los ntawm lub tshuab no kuj siv cov tswj tswj thiab lub tshuab nres.

Tshwj xeeb rau German tus kheej-propelled rab phom "Hummel", cov neeg tsim qauv tau tsim cov ncej tshiab uas hloov lub zog traction los ntawm lub cav, cov kav dej, cov roj lim, cov roj inertial, lub caij ntuj no iav thiab roj kab. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev sim phom tus kheej-propelled tau nyob hauvtom qab compartment, tau qhib rau saum. Nws tiv thaiv cov neeg coob uas tiv thaiv los ntawm lub kaus mom lub kaus mom saum lub log.

Lub cev muaj zog thaiv tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab tus tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau teeb tsa rau pem hauv ntej. Ob lub compartments no tau cais tawm ntawm ib leeg. Kev nkag mus rau hauv tau ua los ntawm ob lub kaus mom. Ntxiv riam phom (tshwj tsis yog cov phom loj) - MG-34 lossis MG-42 rab phom tshuab. Cov neeg coob tau siv rab yaj phom thiab rab phom tshuab ua riam phom tiv thaiv.

Lwm yam khoom siv

Hummel tus kheej-propelled phom, daim duab uas qhia hauv qab no, kuj tau nruab nrog lub cav txhim khu kev qha HL-120TRM thiab SSG-77 kis tau tus mob. Tib lub sijhawm, cov node uas twb muaj lawm tsis tau lees tias lub tshuab muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb.

Cov khoom siv ntawm lub xov tooj cua thiab cov khoom xa tawm sib raug rau cov neeg tua phom loj. Feem ntau, cov chaw xov tooj cua tau ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov chav no, nrog rau cov neeg pom zoo li Funksprechgerat f FuSprG 0 thiab Bordsprechgerat BoSprG. Cov receivers ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntau zaus thiab tau nruab nrog 30-watt transmitter.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov phom tus kheej "Hummel"

Cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hauv nqe lus nug:

• Variety - tus kheej-propelled howitzer.
• Length/dav/height - 7170/2970/2810 mm.
• Cov cuab yeej cuab tam - los ntawm 10 mus rau 30 hli.
• Txoj kev txav ntawm ib qhov chaw nres tsheb roj yog mus txog 215 mais ntawm txoj kev loj.
• siab tshaj plaws yog 40 km/h.
• Cov neeg coob coob yog 6/7 tus neeg.
• Armament - phom 105los yog 150 mm thiab ob peb MG-42 tshuab rab phom.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Cov neeg German tau tswj hwm los tsim 115 rab phom tus kheej ntawm Hummel-M1-16 hom phom tus kheej. Tsuas yog li tsib caug lub tsheb raug xa mus rau chav sib ntaus sib tua. Lwm cov khoom siv tau tso rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Tag nrho cov ntim ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv tub rog suav nrog 724 units, uas tau ua pov thawj tias ua tau zoo heev. Kaum daim ntawv luam tau hloov los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab cov tsheb seem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm armored. Tiag tiag cov phom self-propelled "Hummel" M-1-16 tuaj yeem hu ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm tus kheej-propelled artillery installation ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Panzer faib tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov 1943, tom qab uas cov thawj coj tau pom zoo ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm tshiab, hu ua KStN 431 f. G. (Frei-Gliederung).

Notation

Nyob rau sab ntawm cov tsheb hauv nqe lus nug, tsis yog tus lej peb-tus lej ntawm A txog F tau siv, tab sis txuas ntxiv cov npe, mus txog rau cov tsiaj ntawv G thiab O. Feem ntau cov cim tau muab tso rau ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab cov cuab yeej stern. daim hlau ntawm cov cabins. Yog tias peb kov ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov cim, peb tuaj yeem sau cov hauv qab no:

• 1 – thawj lub tuam txhab.
• 5 - platoon thib tsib.
• 8 yog lub tsheb thib yim.

Txawm li cas los xij, xws li cov npe ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua phom tua tus kheej yog qhov tsawg heev.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua phem, cov cim faib tau siv rau cov tsheb tub rog ntawm Nazis hauv qee kis. Feem ntau, cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej tau tso cov cim tshwj xeeb ntsig txog cov npe poj niam, menyuam yaus thiab lwm tus txheeb ze.

Zoo kawg

Thaum cov phom tua tus kheej hauv nqe lus nug tau tsim ntau lawm, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hloov kho cov cuab yeej ntawm lawv tus kheej. Lawv tau tsom mus rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv grilles, qhov chaw ntawm cov kav dej tso tawm, kev teeb tsa cov khoom seem thiab lwm yam me me uas twv yuav raug hu ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev txhim kho cov tsheb sib tw hauv nqe lus nug.