Baikal-Amur Mainline: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev tsim kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Baikal-Amur Mainline: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev tsim kho
Baikal-Amur Mainline: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev tsim kho

Video: Baikal-Amur Mainline: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev tsim kho

Video: Baikal-Amur Mainline: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev tsim kho
Video: Песня Байкало-Амурской магистрали - Song Of The Baikal–Amur Mainline (English Lyrics) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) yog ib qho ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia thiab ntiaj teb. Nws nthuav dav thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia thiab Far East. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm BAM - Taiset - Sovetskaya Gavan. Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1938 txog 1984. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hnyav huab cua thiab geological tej yam kev mob. Qhov chaw no tau tsim kho rau 12 xyoo. Thiab kev tsim kho ntawm ntu nyuaj tshaj plaws, North Muya qhov, txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 2003.

Cov kab lus muab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Baikal-Amur Mainline thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm BAM siab heev. Yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm muaj rau kev txav ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tau siv. Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua kom nce nws cov peev txheej. Qhov ntim txhua xyoo ntawm kev thauj mus los yog kwv yees li 12 lab tons.

Baikal-Amur Mainline
Baikal-Amur Mainline

Cov kev sib xyaw thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm Baikal-Amur Mainline yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw.

BAM yam ntxwv

Tag nrho ntev ntawm Baikal-Amur Railway yog 3819 km. Nws tau pw rau sab qaum teb ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway, tawm ntawm nws hauv lub nroog Taishet. Txoj kab hla Lake Baikal los ntawm sab qaum teb. Muaj ceg ntawm txoj kev.

Baikal-Amur Mainline muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia
Baikal-Amur Mainline muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev taw qhia

Tej qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev hla yog roob. BAM hla 7 ridges, 10 tunnels thiab Stanovoye Upland. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog nyob rau ntawm Mururinsky dhau (1323 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem). Ntawm no cov kev tsheb ciav hlau nce mus rau ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, thiab kev txav ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau nce traction, thiab cov tsheb muaj tsawg.

Thaum taug kev, lub tsheb ciav hlau hla 11 tus dej loj, 2230 txuas hniav ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, 200 qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau thiab tshaj rau caum lub nroog thiab lwm qhov chaw.

Track nta

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nruab nrab ntawm Taishet thiab Ust-Kut muaj 2 txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab cua tshuab hluav taws xob. Nruab nrab ntawm Ust-Kut thiab Taksimo - 1 txoj kev thiab tib hom fais fab mov. Ntxiv rau sab hnub tuaj, nws tsis yog hluav taws xob - diesel locomotives siv nyob ntawd. Qhov no qhia txog ntau yam xwm txheej thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Baikal-Amur Mainline. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj: los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

Baikal-Amur Mainline muaj pes tsawg leeg
Baikal-Amur Mainline muaj pes tsawg leeg

Los ntawm qhov sib cais ntawm BAM thiab Trans-Siberian Railway mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj hiav txwvQhov kev ncua deb ntawm BAM yog 500 km tsawg dua raws Trans-Siberian Railway.

Keeb kwm kev tsim kho

txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom loj heev tau phased thiab multidirectional.

Xyoo 1924, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub BAM tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm txoj kev no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev xav kom tau txais kev nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntxhia hauv cov cheeb tsam nyuaj mus txog ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia thiab Far East, kom tau txais txoj kev loj ntxiv rau kev txav mus los thaum muaj kev tsov rog nrog Nyiv.

Hauv xyoo 1930, nws tau thov kom pib tsim qhov project thiab thawj zaug lub npe ntawm txoj kev yav tom ntej tau tshwm sim: Baikal-Amur Mainline.

Nyob rau xyoo 1933, pib txoj kev taug kev, thawj txoj hlua tau tso.

Hauv xyoo 1937, kev tsim kho tau siv ntau dua. Kev tso cov lem pib ntawm qhov txuas ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yav tom ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau txiav txim siab tso BAM txoj kev los ntawm Taischet mus rau Northern Harbor.

Xyoo 1940, tsheb ciav hlau pib ntawm ntu ntawm Urgal thiab Izvestkova.

Tom qab pib ua tsov rog xyoo 1941, cov ntu tsim ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug rhuav tshem thiab siv hauv kev tsim kho tsheb ciav hlau raws tus dej Volga.

In 1943-1945. Ib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tso ntawm Sovetskaya Gavan thiab Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

baikal amur txoj kev loj tsim
baikal amur txoj kev loj tsim

Nyob rau xyoo 50s, ntu Taishet-Lena tau tsim, thiab nkag mus rau cov peev txheej ntawm thaj av no tau txais.

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, twb muaj 1,150 km ntawm txoj kev taug, thiab yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj 4,000 km.

BXyoo 1973, txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj Vostochny tau pib, uas BAM yuav tsum tau mus kom ze.

Xyoo 1974, txoj kev tsim kho tau nrawm nrawm heev. Cov tub rog tshiab ntawm Komsomol detachments tau tuaj txog.

Nyob hauv 70s, ntu uas tau rhuav tshem thaum ntxov 40s tau rov qab los.

Xyoo 1976, ua tsaug rau BAM, coking thee mining tau pib nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Yakutia.

Nyob rau xyoo 70s, kev tsim kho sab hnub tuaj ntawm txoj kev loj (Urgal - Komsomolsk-on-Amur) tau ua tiav.

Thaum ntxov 80s, tus choj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj hla tus Dej Vitim tau tsim.

Nyob rau xyoo 1988, cov tsheb ciav hlau txuas ntxiv mus raws tag nrho cov kab tau pib.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 2 lab tus tib neeg tau koom nrog kev tsim kho.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Baikal-Amur Mainline

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm BAM hauv Lavxias kev lag luam yog siab heev. Ua tsaug rau nws, nws tau dhau los ua kom muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov peev txheej nyuaj-mus cuag tau ntawm Eastern Siberia thiab Far East, thiab txhim kho kev txhim kho ntawm thaj chaw.

BAM tau nce lub peev xwm rau cov khoom thauj mus rau cov tebchaws Esxias (Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Kauslim, Nyiv). Nws txoj kev tsim kho kuj txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm Kuriles thiab Sakhalin.

Txhua xyoo, 8-12 lab tons ntawm cov khoom thauj yog thauj los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab 8 lub tsheb ciav hlau hla nws txhua hnub. Maj mam, qhov ntim ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los yuav nce ntxiv.

Zoo kawg

Yog li, BAM yog txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation. Kev sib xyaw thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm Baikal-Amur Mainline yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau muaj ntau ntu, suav nrog kev sib txuas.

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