Cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab ib hom tub rog sib cais ntawm Lavxias Federation suav nrog cov tub rog dav hlau. Lawv suav nrog hauv qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Lub Xeev, thiab tshaj tawm ncaj qha mus rau Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog. Lub armament ntawm cov tub rog muaj ntau haiv neeg, xws li riam thiab rab yaj phom mus rau nws tus kheej-propelled tsheb thiab aircraft. Rau kev tsaws, siv ntau yam av, dej lossis huab cua thauj. Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog qhov arsenal ntawm cov khoom no, lawv lub hom phiaj thiab cov qauv.
Purpose
Txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2016, Colonel-General Serdyukov tau ua tus saib xyuas lub tsev nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Airborne Forces yog los teb tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab, nqa tawm kev tawm tsam sib sib zog nqus, ntes cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab tshem tawm qee qhov txuas txuas. Cov tub rog hauv dav hlau yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, yog ib qho cuab yeej siv tau zoo rau kev ua tub rog tawm tsam.
Tsuas yog cov neeg sib tw uas ua tau raws li kev xaiv siab, suav nrog tsis yog xwblub cev daim ntawv, tab sis kuj puas siab puas ntsws stability. Lub armament ntawm Airborne Forces, nrog rau kev tsim cov qauv nws tus kheej, tau tsim rov qab rau hauv peb caug xyoo dhau los. Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, tsib lub koom haum tau xa mus, txhua tus suav txog 10 txhiab tus neeg. Hnub kawg ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog dav hlau ntawm Lavxias Federation yog Tsib Hlis 12, 1992.
Historic moments
Thawj cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog tau tshwm sim nrog rau kev tsim cov tub rog sib raug zoo hauv USSR (1930). Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug me me detachment, uas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug dog dig motorized phom faib. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias thawj qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev tsaws ib pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm parachute tau xyaum ua ib xyoos dhau los. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm lub Tajik lub nroog ntawm Garam, ib tug detachment ntawm Red Army cov tub rog tsaws los ntawm huab cua thiab ntse tso tawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb.
Tom qab ob peb xyoos, ib pab tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus teb tshwj xeeb tau tsim. Xyoo 1938, nws tau hloov lub npe 201st Airborne Detachment. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Airborne Forces nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tau tshwm sim sai heev thiab sai heev. Thawj parachute tsaws ntawm lub koom haum tshiab tau xyaum nyob rau hauv Kiev tub rog koog tsev kawm ntawv (1935). Ib xyoos tom qab, qhov kev tshwm sim tau rov ua dua nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv loj dua ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia hauv Belarus. Caw cov neeg soj ntsuam, suav nrog cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws, xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog thiab kev txawj ntawm cov tub rog.
Txij xyoo 1939, cov chav nyob tau raug pov tseg ntawm cov lus txib tseem ceeb. Lawv tau muab cov dej num ntawm kev xa ntau yam kev tawm tsam tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab, ua raws li kev sib koom tes nrog lwm hom tub rog. Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tuaSoviet paratroopers tau txais kev paub hauv xyoo 1939 (kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Khalkhin Gol). Tom qab ntawd, cov chav no ua tau zoo hauv kev ua tsov rog Finnish, Afghanistan, qhov kub ntawm Bessarabia thiab Northern Bukovina.
Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, riam phom ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej, tau siv los tawm tsam Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1941, tsib lub koom haum ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab tau xa mus rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd tib cov tub rog tau tsim. Tsis ntev ua ntej pib qhov kev tawm tsam, ib qho tshwj xeeb "Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog" tau tsim, txhua lub koom haum uas koom nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam suav nrog tsis yog cov cuab yeej siv riam phom me xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov phom loj nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam amphibious.
Cov pawg tub rog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev yeej ntawm Nazi invaders. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog tau tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov riam phom hnyav, thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog lawv lub luag haujlwm tau pom meej meej underestimated. Lawv tau ua ntau yam, ob qho tib si thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam, thiab tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab tam sim ntawd thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov tub rog tub rog nyob ib puag ncig. Qhov kev xyaum no, hmoov tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev poob siab thiab kev pheej hmoo tsis ncaj ncees, nrog rau kev cob qhia tsis zoo ntawm cov tub rog.
Ib lub tuam txhab ntawm Airborne Forces, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab armament uas tsis yog nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws, koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow nrog kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Cov tub rog ntawm Vyazma thiab thaum lub sijhawm hla ntawm Dnieper kuj pom lawv tus kheej ci ntsa iab.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv
AutumnNyob rau hauv 1944, lub Soviet airborne pab tub rog tau hloov mus ua ib tug tib neeg tiv thaiv tub rog. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog hauv dav hlau tau koom nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm Prague, Budapest thiab ntau lub nroog. Twb tau tom qab yeej, xyoo 1946, cov tub rog tsaws tau qhia rau hauv av rog, subordinate rau Minister of Defense ntawm USSR.
Xyoo 1956, cov pab pawg hauv nqe lus nug tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Hungarian kev tawm tsam, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub tebchaws ntawm yav dhau los kev sib raug zoo camp - Czechoslovakia. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tawm tsam hauv Tsov Rog Txias tau pib ntawm ob lub zog loj - USSR thiab Asmeskas. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog tau nquag tsim, coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis yog kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nrog kev cia siab ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua phem. Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntxiv dag zog lub zog ntawm cov units. Arsenal suav nrog:
- Lub teeb armored tsheb.
- Artillery systems.
- kev thauj tshwj xeeb.
- Tub rog thauj aviation.
dav-lub cev dav hlau muaj peev xwm thauj tsis tau tsuas yog pab pawg neeg coob, tab sis kuj muaj tsheb sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Thaum xyoo 80s lig, cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov tub rog no tau ua kom muaj peev xwm dhia tau 75 feem pua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev khiav ib zaug xwb.
Lwm yam kev hloov pauv
Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib hom tshiab ntawm huab cua assault units (DShCh) tau tsim, uas xyaum tsis txawv ntawm lub ntsiab "cov neeg tseem ceeb", tab sis ua raws li cov lus txib.cov pab tub rog loj. Xws li kev txav los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog vim cov phiaj xwm tactical tau npaj los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thaum muaj kev ua tsov rog puv ntoob. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev sib cav sib ceg yog kev tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv nrog kev pab los ntawm cov av loj heev tsaws tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab.
Nyob rau xyoo 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union suav nrog 14 pawg neeg tua rog, nrog rau 20 battalions thiab 22 cais cov tub rog ntawm DShCh. Lub armament ntawm Lavxias teb sab Airborne Forces, raws li zoo raws li cov chav nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, nquag thiab ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Afghan ua tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv uas cov tub rog Soviet koom nyob rau hauv 1979. Hauv qhov kev tawm tsam no, cov tub rog tub rog yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam feem ntau nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua-guerrilla, yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau npaj nrog kev pab ntawm cov tsheb, cov tsheb tub rog lossis cov nyoob hoom qav taub.
Ntse
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej siv ntawm Lavxias Airborne Forces feem ntau tau ua haujlwm saib xyuas ntawm ntau qhov chaw ciam teb thiab chaw kuaj xyuas hauv "qhov kub kub". Raws li txoj cai, cov dej num tau muab rau lawv lub hom phiaj hauv kev koom tes nrog cov tub rog hauv av. Yog tias peb tham txog Afghanistan, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias ntawm no qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog hauv dav hlau tau ua los ntawm kev muab cov tub rog nrog cov phom loj thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled.
Restructuring
cuaj caum xyoo dhau los ua qhov kev sim loj tsis yog rau Tub Rog Tub Rog xwb. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd twb dhau lawm, ntau pab tub rog units tau reorganized thiabkaw. Tus naj npawb ntawm paratroopers raug txo kom tsawg, tag nrho cov seem ntxiv tuaj nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub hauv av Forces ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov aviation units tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov qauv dav dav ntawm Lavxias Air Force.
Cov kev hloov pauv li no tau txo qis kev ua tau zoo thiab kev txav mus los ntawm pab pawg huab cua. Xyoo 1993, cov tub rog suav nrog suav nrog rau 6 pawg, tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog huab cua thiab ob txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1994, lawv tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb regiment (Special Forces No. 45), uas yog nyob rau hauv Kubinka ze Moscow. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog hauv huab cua ntawm Russia tau txuas nrog ob lub phiaj xwm Chechen, Ossetian, Georgian tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb kuj tau koom nrog hauv cov koom haum saib xyuas kev thaj yeeb (Yugoslavia, Kyrgyzstan).
Kev sib xyaw thiab qauv
Cov qauv ntawm cov tub rog hauv dav hlau suav nrog ob peb lub ntsiab:
- Air units.
- Assault squads.
- Roob pawg tsom mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj chaw roob.
Tam sim no, plaub qhov kev faib puv puv siv riam phom ntawm Lavxias Airborne Forces. Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg:
- Guards Air Assault Division 76, xa tawm hauv Pskov.
- 98th Guards Airborne Unit nyob hauv Ivanovo.
- roob Novorossiysk Airborne Assault Division No. 7.
- 106th Guards Airborne Unit nyob hauv Tula.
Regiments thiab brigades:
- Separate Guards Airborne Brigade nyob hauv Ulan-Ude.
- Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau xa tawm hauv Lavxias lub peevtus lej 45.
- Separate Guards Unit No. 56 stationed in Kamyshin.
- Assault Brigade No. 31 hauv Ulyanovsk.
- Sib cais huab cua sib cais hauv Ussuriysk (No. 83).
- 38th Separate Guards Signal Regiment hauv cheeb tsam Moscow (lub zos ntawm Medvezhye Ozera).
Npaj ntaub ntawv
Hauv xyoo 2013, kev tsim ntawm 345th Assault Airborne Brigade hauv Voronezh tau tshaj tawm. Tsis ntev, kev tsim tau raug ncua mus rau 2017-2018. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis lees paub uas qhia tias lwm pab tub rog dav hlau tau xa mus rau ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau npaj kom hloov pauv mus rau nws lub hauv paus, uas nyob hauv Novorossiysk.
Ntxiv rau cov chav sib ntaus sib tua, Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias Federation suav nrog ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau hom tub rog. Ib lub tsev kawm uas nrov tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav tom qab yog Ryazan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab. Cov npe no kuj suav nrog Tula thiab Ulyanovsk Suvorov cov tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau cov tub rog tub rog hauv Omsk.
Armament and tub rog khoom ntawm Airborne Forces
Lavxias teb sab airborne units siv tsis tau tsuas yog ua ke nrog caj npab, tab sis kuj tshwj xeeb mos mos txwv tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov hom ntawm cov tub rog. Feem ntau ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm riam phom thiab tsheb tau tsim rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawm Soviet Union. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv tsim rau yav tom ntej, feem ntau tsis ntev los no.
Tus neeg pom zoo tshaj plaws thiab nquag siv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm Lavxias Airborne Forces yog BMD-1/2 lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov nocov khoom siv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, yog npaj rau tsaws los ntawm parachute thiab tsaws txoj kev. Cov tshuab tsis siv lawm, tab sis lawv ntseeg tau thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Dab tsi tshiab?
Niaj hnub nimno armament ntawm Lavxias Airborne Force yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub raws li BMD. Ntawm lawv:
- Qhov kev hloov pauv thib plaub, tau txais los ntawm xyoo 2004. Lub tshuab yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv series, muaj 30 tus qauv luam thiab 12 units nrog ib tug ntxiv Performance index "M" nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam.
- BTR-82A armored neeg ua haujlwm nqa (12 hloov kho).
- Crawler armored neeg ua haujlwm nqa BTR-D. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov riam phom ntawm Airborne Forces ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, qhov no yog lub tsheb ntau tshaj (tshaj 700 daim). Nws tau saws rov qab rau xyoo 1974 thiab suav tias yog siv tsis tau. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov ntawm "tus ncej" los ntawm BTR-MDM. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha no, txoj kev loj hlob mus qeeb heev.
- "Plhaub". Qhov no yog ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug armored neeg ua hauj lwm nqa ntawm ib tug peculiar configuration, txog 30 ntawm uas yog loj-tsim.
- Cov npe ntawm cov riam phom ntawm Lavxias Airborne Forces txuas ntxiv nrog kev tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 2S-25 tus kheej-propelled unit hom, zoo ib yam li Robot installation (BTR-RD), Metis anti-tank missile systems.
- ATGM "Bassoon", "Cornet", "Kev sib tw".
cov khoom siv nqa tau thiab nqa tau
Ntawm no, cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab muaj tseeb hauv qab no yuav tsum raug sau tseg:
- Tus kheej-propelled artillery installation "Nona". Cov riam phom tau nthuav tawm ntau dua 350 daim, thiab txawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab.
- Model D-30. Cov cuab yeej no yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau tshajntau dua 150 units, "lub tuam txhab" yog tsim los ntawm cov analogues zoo xws li "Nona-M1" thiab "Tray".
- Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv huab cua suav nrog cov tshuab foob pob hluav taws "Verba", "Igla", "Strela".
Nuances
Ntxiv rau cov riam phom no, Lavxias Airborne Forces ua haujlwm ntawm Skrezhet (BTR-3D) phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, nrog rau cov phom tua tus kheej ntawm ZU-23-2 hom. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, kev faib ntawm cov tub rog lub hwj chim ntawm ib zaug zoo lub teb chaws pib. Cov txheej txheem no tsis dhau thiab cov tub rog hauv huab cua. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov chav no tau hloov kho thiab tsim tsuas yog hauv 1992. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm RSFSR qub thiab ntau qhov chaw nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws tom qab-Soviet. Lub cim tau pom zoo xyoo 2004.
