Sib tsoo cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog ib txwm ua nrog cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, craftsmen siv ntau hom ntaub ntawv rau tej hauj lwm. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws tseem yog rau tus neeg ua haujlwm xaiv los ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej tsim nyog rau cov khoom ua tiav. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev daws qhov no yog tias koj paub qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev ua haujlwm, txhua hom ntaub ntawv thiab lawv lub hom phiaj.
Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv?
Cov cuab yeej no yog ob feem khoom:
- Steel bar. Notches yog siv rau nws nto raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ntau yam kev xaiv. Hom kev txiav cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog cov duab plaub, daim duab peb sab thiab puag ncig.
- Ntoo lossis yas kov. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub nplhaib clamping uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tawg, nws yog mounted rau ib tug tapered shank. Tsim kom yooj yim siv cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias tus kov tawg, nws yooj yim los hloov nws. Rau kev tsim ib feem, beech, birch thiab pressed ntawv yog siv. Nws qhov ntev yuav tsum yog ib thiab ib nrab zaug ntev dua li cov ntaub ntawv shank.
Lub cuab yeej yuav muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Standard lengths yog 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 thiab 14 cm. Txoj kab uas hla: 12, 16, 20, 23, 25 thiab 28 mm.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Txhua hom ntaub ntawv muaj rau cov cuab yeej txiav. Lawv yog siv los tsim qhov xav tau qhov ntev thiab cov duab hauv cov khoom siv machined. Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm los ntawm txheej txheej los ntawm txheej sib tsoo ntawm qhov chaw.
khoom
Cov cuab yeej no siv zog heev, cov cuab yeej zoo hlau:
- Hom ШХ15 lossis 13Х. Qhov no yog alloy chromium steel.
- U10A lossis U13A. Cov qhab nia no tau txhim kho zoo dua qub.
Cov ntaub ntawv raug ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom tawv, ua rau muaj qhov tawv ntawm 54-58 HRC. Cov qib no yog siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Rau cov ntoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv, cov cuab yeej siv, cov hlau uas yog softer.
Ib qho cuab yeej txiav
No notch (tseem hu ua yooj yim) muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thaum ua ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua cov khoom nqaim. Lawv yog cov zoo rau sharpening ntoo saws. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau mos, ntoo thiab yas.
Cross section khoom
Muab ob npaug rau txiav cov ntaub ntawvyog cov cuab yeej siv dav dav. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom no, ntxiv rau cov seem tseem ceeb, muaj ib qho ntxiv. Cov seem tseem ceeb yog npaj rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntu pabcuam yog rau kev sib tsoo rau hauv cov chips. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog ob npaug (pabcuam) thais yog siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau tawv thiab alloys.
Cov ntaub ntawv rau hlau. Hom
GOST 1465-59 - Cov no yog cov qauv uas siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv rooj zaum. Nyob ntawm qhov luaj li cas ntawm notches thiab lawv tus naj npawb ntawm 10 mm nto, cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Baston. Cov cuab yeej nrog ib qho loj me me. Muaj txog li 5-12 daim ib 10 hli cov ntaub ntawv nto. Qhov me me ntawm cov notches, qhov loj ntawm cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, ntau cov khoom raug tshem tawm thaum ua cov khoom.
- Tus kheej. Sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom nrog ib tug nruab nrab notch. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav yog txog 25 daim.
- Velvet. Cov no yog cov cuab yeej txiav zoo tshaj plaws. Muaj 80 tus hniav ib 10 hli nto.
Rau qhov yooj yim, thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, hom ntaub ntawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov lej: bastard - No. 1, tus kheej - No. 2, velvet - No. 3-6.
Kev faib cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov duab
Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm muaj cov duab sib txawv. Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov khoom zoo li no, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tau muab. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm qhov profile (cross section). Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- flat;
- square;
- trihedral;
- ncig;
- semicircular;
- special;
- riam los yog hacksaw;
- pob zeb diamond-shaped;
- oval file.
Yuav ua li cas cov cuab yeej yog, luv luv piav qhia saum toj no. Lawv yog dab tsi?
Destination
Cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tus yog siv los ua haujlwm nrog cov convex thiab tiaj tus sab nrauv lossis sab hauv. Square yog siv los ua haujlwm nrog square thiab lub qhov thiab cov grooves. Xws li cov cuab yeej tseem hu ua bar. Nws qhov ntev yog 35-50 cm. Nws yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg mob uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov txheej hlau ntau tshaj 1 hli. Ib daim duab peb sab yog siv thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ces kaum sab hauv, grooves, qhov thiab grooves. Round yog tsim nyog rau ua ntaub ntawv concave nto. Siv rau puag ncig thiab oval qhov.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev ua cov ces kaum, inclined thiab jagged nto. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau muaj kev xaiv ntawm nqaim grooves thiab grooves. Cov cuab yeej Bastard tau nruab nrog cov hniav loj tshaj plaws thiab tau tsim los rau kev kho qhov chaw pib, vim lawv tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov txheej loj ntawm nws (0.05-0.1 hli). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov tseeb tsawg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog kho roughly. Cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib txheej nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 0.02-0.06 hli raug tshem tawm. Velvet yog siv nyob rau hauv theem kawg ntawm kev sib tsoo. Cov txheej nyias nyias (0.01-0.03 hli) raug tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom sawn. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov tseeb machining, uas yog 0.01-0.005mm.
Rasp
Ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv hlau, cov ntaub qhwv yog siv rau kev ua cov hlau thiab lwm qhov chaw, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov thais. Lawv cov hniav loj thiab muaj cov duab ntawm cov pyramids, tom qab uas muaj cov grooves tshwj xeeb. Cov seem ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog muab tso rau hauv kab, nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub axis. Rasps yog siv thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv mos: txhuas thiab duralumin. Ua los ntawm steel qib U7A, U10A. Lawv hardness yog 35-40 HRC. Qhov ntev ntawm cov twj paj nruag: los ntawm 25 mus rau 35 cm. Muaj plaub hom rasps: blunt-nosed flat, ntse-nosed ca, round, semi-circular. Cov peev txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej yog tshuaj thiab tsim cov khoom tin.
koob cov ntaub ntawv
Needle cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tsawg tshaj plaws. Tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej no, steel qib U12 thiab U12A nrog hardness ntawm 54-60 HRC yog siv. Nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, cov ntaub ntawv koob yog:
- paj (blunt thiab taw tes);
- square;
- trihedral;
- ncig thiab ib nrab puag ncig;
- oval;
- pob zeb diamond-shaped;
- groove and hacksaw.
Nws tsis tsim nyog rau tus kws tsim khoom hauv tsev kom muaj txhua yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yog txaus kom muaj peb lub ntsiab - tiaj tus, daim duab peb sab thiab puag ncig. Nws kuj yog ntshaw kom muaj ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv koob thiab ob peb rasps. Nrog cov cuab yeej no, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yooj yim rau kev sib tsoo hlau.
