Hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, qhov chaw no (museion) yog ib txwm ua rau cov Muses thiab feem ntau nyob hauv cov hav zoov dawb huv lossis cov tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv mythology ntawm cov Greeks, cov muses yog cov patrons ntawm kos duab, paj huam, science - li no lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub dawb ceev qhov chaw, qhov twg lawv yuav tsum tau revered nyob rau hauv txhua txhua txoj kev. Lo lus "tsev cia puav pheej" tshwm nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance nyob teb chaws Europe. Nyob ntawd, cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov tsev thiab cov tsev tsim los khaws cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab tsim los ntawm noob neej.
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej kos duab yog dab tsi?
Tsev khaws puav pheej sib txawv: keeb kwm thiab txuj ci, kev sau ntawv thiab mob siab rau qee pawg neeg lossis lub tebchaws, cov zej zog lossis cov tib neeg. Art tsev cia puav pheej nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus. Ntawm no, raws li txoj cai, tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab raug nthuav tawm - zoo thiab zoo nkauj: paintings thiab sculptures, engravings thiab drawings, tapestries thiab ntaub pua plag, ceramics thiab fabrics. Hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej niaj hnub no, tsis yog tsuas yog khaws cia thiab tso saib cov khoom pov thawj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lawv txoj kev kawm,as well as the restoration of monuments of high artistic nqi.
Art Museums of Russia (Rus)
Keeb kwm me ntsis. Tsev khaws puav pheej ua haujlwm muaj ntau txhiab xyoo txuas ntxiv hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub cathedrals thiab monasteries ntawm ib co nroog, nplua nuj fabrics, jewelers 'cov khoom, cov phau ntawv (sau ntawv) nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj hli muaj nuj nqis ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, adorned nrog gems, tau khaws cia thiab khaws cia. Thiab cov khoom uas nplua nuj tshaj plaws tau khaws cia rau hauv lub sacristies ntawm pawg ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Trinity-Sergius Lavra (Sergiev Posad) muaj ib tug sau ntawm paintings thiab siv arts. Thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov nplua nuj thiab nthuav tshaj plaws sau ntawm Armory nyob rau hauv Moscow Kremlin pib tsim. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub tsev khaws puav pheej kos duab ntawm Russia yog los ntawm nws. Lub Armory yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej qub tshaj plaws, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1806, tab sis muaj nyob ntev ua ntej ntawd. Tam sim no nws yog ib feem ntawm Kremlin tsev cia puav pheej.
Kunstkamera thiab private collections
Thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tseem tuaj yeem suav tias yog Kunstkamera hauv St. Petersburg, tsim los ntawm kev pib ntawm Tsar Peter hauv 1714. Nws qhib tau tshwm sim hauv 1719. Muaj tseeb, Kunstkamera tsis yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo nkauj. Ntxiv nrog rau cov duab kos duab, ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm nyob rau ntawd, uas Peter tau txais thaum nws mus txawv tebchaws, lossis pom hauv thaj chaw Lavxias. Cov khoom ntiag tug loj tshaj plaws tau khaws cia hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace, Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof thiab Pavlovsk (tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, tag nrho cov vaj tse thiab cov vaj tsev no tau suav nrog hauv tebchaws thiab.hloov mus rau hauv art tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Russia). Yog li ntawd, lub tsev khaws puav pheej-kwv yees Arkhangelskoye, Kuskovo thiab lwm tus tau tshwm sim.
Hermitage
Art tsev cia puav pheej hauv Russia yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1764, loj collections ntawm paintings tau txais, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm lub Hermitage nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem saib cov duab kos duab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd: kev nkag mus rau Hermitage, raws li qhov tseeb, rau ntau cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj kev txwv ntau. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 (nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab), ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawj ntse, uas tau tawm tsam rau kev tshaj tawm thiab qhib lub koom haum, nkag mus rau lub treasures ntawm lub Hermitage thiab ib co private collections (Pryanishnikov, Tretyakov, Ostroukhov).) tau qhib.
Art tsev cia puav pheej hauv tebchaws Russia: daim ntawv
- Kev qhib ntawm Tretyakov Gallery, thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lavxias kos duab hauv Moscow hauv xyoo pua 19th, tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Tus tsim yog tus tub lag luam Tretyakov, uas tau nqa tawm los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Wanderers thiab tsim ib phau ntawv loj ntawm kev kos duab. Nws saib nws cov hauj lwm raws li ib tug collector raws li ib tug thoob plaws lub teb chaws enterprise muaj los ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia. Thiab lub gallery nws tus kheej tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv kev pleev xim thiab lwm yam kev kos duab.
- Art tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Russia tau qhib tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub peev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Cov npe tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm Radishchev Saratov Art Tsev khaws puav pheej,qhib xyoo 1885.
- In 1895-9898 Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm National Art qhib, uas kuj tau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm pej xeem.
- 1912 - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts hauv Moscow (tam sim no Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej).
- Tom qab xyoo 1917 kiv puag ncig, tag nrho cov tsev khaws puav pheej me thiab loj hauv tebchaws Russia tau dhau los ua cov khoom ntiag tug. Cov lus hais tias "Art belongs rau tib neeg" yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub neej ntawm tib neeg, thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej tau dhau los ua qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej rau kev qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov npe ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej hauv tebchaws Russia tau ntxiv los ntawm cov npe tshiab. Cov no suav nrog lub teb chaws qhov chaw thiab tsev cia puav pheej hauv Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, thiab B altic xeev. Muaj cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm pej xeem kos duab hauv Palekh, Mstera, cov tsev khaws khoom ntiag tug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee tus kws kos duab. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev kawm no yog kev kawm zoo nkauj ntawm cov tib neeg, kev kawm, kev kho dua tshiab thiab khaws cia cov khoom qub uas tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm kos duab.
