"Pinocchio", "Hurricane", "Smerch", "Typhoon": ntau lub foob pob hluav taws. Nqe lus piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Vim vim muaj kev sib cav tsis tu ncua hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, TV cov ntxaij vab tshaus tau tshaj tawm xov xwm tshaj tawm los ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov chaw kub. Thiab feem ntau muaj cov lus ceeb toom ceeb toom ntawm kev ua phem, thaum lub sij hawm uas muaj ntau lub foob pob hluav taws (MLRS) tau koom nrog. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tus neeg uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov tub rog lossis tub rog taug kev hauv ntau yam ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tub rog, yog li hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm yooj yim kom ntxaws txog cov tshuab tuag xws li:

• Heavy tank-based flamethrower system (TOS) - Pinocchio ntau lub foob pob hluav taws (tsis tshua siv, tab sis muaj riam phom zoo heev).
• Grad ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob (MLRS) yog siv riam phom loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj.
• Ntawm thiab txhim kho "tus muam" MLRS "Grad" - ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob (MLRS) "Tornado-G" (uas cov xov xwm thiabCov neeg zoo tib yam feem ntau hu ua "Typhoon" vim yog lub chassis siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm "Typhoon" tsheb).
• Hurricane multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) yog riam phom muaj zog nrog ntau qhov ntev uas tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem yuav luag txhua lub hom phiaj.
• Unparalleled nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug tshwj xeeb, awe-inspiring thiab tag nrho annihilation ntau lub foob pob ua ntxaij foob pob hluav taws (MLRS) "Smerch".

"Pinocchio" los ntawm zaj dab neeg tsis zoo

Nyob rau hauv 1971 nyob deb, nyob rau hauv USSR, engineers los ntawm "Design Bureau of Transport Engineering", nyob rau hauv Omsk, nthuav qhia lwm masterpiece ntawm tub rog lub hwj chim. Nws yog ib tug hnyav flamethrower system ntawm volley hluav taws "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Kev tsim thiab kev txhim kho tom qab ntawm qhov chaw flamethrower tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv nqe lus "sab saum toj zais cia". Txoj kev loj hlob tau kav 9 xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv 1980 lub sib ntaus sib tua complex, uas yog ib tug tandem ntawm lub T-72 tank thiab ib tug launcher nrog 24 cov lus qhia, thaum kawg tau pom zoo thiab xa mus rau lub Armed Forces ntawm lub Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio": daim ntawv thov

TOSZO "Pinocchio" yog siv rau kev tua hluav taws thiab kev puas tsuaj loj:

• tsheb yeeb ncuab (tsis suav nrog tsheb tub rog);
• tsev siab thiab lwm qhov chaw tsim kho;
• ntau yam kev tiv thaiv;
• manpower.

MLRS (TOS) "Pinocchio": piav qhia

Raws li ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob "Grad" thiab "Uragan", TOSZO "Pinocchio" yog thawj zaug siv hauv Afghan thiab kev tsov rog Chechen thib ob. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2014, cov tub rog ntawm Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan thiab Azerbaijan muaj cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua.

Lub "Pinocchio" salvo hluav taws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Qhov hnyav ntawm CBT nrog rau tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus sib tua yog li 46 tons.
• Qhov ntev ntawm Pinocchio yog 6.86 meters, qhov dav yog 3.46 meters, qhov siab yog 2.6 meters.
• Lub caliber ntawm projectiles yog 220 millimeters (22 cm).
• Kev tua hluav taws siv lub foob pob hluav taws uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau ib zaug raug rho tawm haujlwm.
• Kev tua ntev tshaj plaws yog 13.6 mais.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj tom qab tua ib lub volley yog 4 hectares.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi thiab cov lus qhia - 24 daim.
• Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntaus pob yog nqa ncaj qha los ntawm lub cockpit uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, uas muaj lub laser rangefinder thiab pom, yob sensor thiab ballistic computer.
• Shells ua kom tiav ROSZO tom qab volleys yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev thauj mus los (TZM) tshuab qauv 9T234-2, nrog lub crane thiab loader.
• Pinocchio khiav los ntawm 3 tus neeg.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov yam ntxwv, tsuas yog ib lub pob ntawm "Pinocchio" tuaj yeem tig 4 hectares mus rau hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus. Lub zog txaus ntshai, puas yog?

nag xob nag cua "Hail"

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, USSR txoj cai tswj hwmkev tsim tawm ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj NPO "Splav" tau pib ua lwm txoj haujlwm zais cia thiab pib tsim ib qho tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntawd MLRS hu ua "Grad". Kev taw qhia txog kev hloov kho tau siv sijhawm 3 xyoos, thiab MLRS tau nkag mus rau qib ntawm Soviet Army xyoo 1963, tab sis nws txoj kev txhim kho tsis tau nres, nws txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1988.

"Grad" daim ntawv thov

Zoo li Uragan MLRS, Grad ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tso tawm tau pom zoo li no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm tias nws "hnub nyoog laus", nws tseem tau siv dav rau niaj hnub no. "Hail" yog siv los cuam tshuam lub tshuab zoo heev rau:

• roj teeb phom loj;
• txhua yam khoom siv tub rog, suav nrog cov armored;
• manpower;
• command posts;
• tub rog muaj chaw;
• tiv thaiv dav hlau systems.

Dhau li ntawm Pawg Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias Federation, Grad ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tau ua haujlwm nrog yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov tsheb sib tw loj tshaj plaws ntawm hom no yog nyob hauv Asmeskas, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Nyab Laj, Bulgaria, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Egypt, Is Nrias teb, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. Ukraine ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws kuj muaj 90 Grad units.

MLRS "Grad": piav qhia

Grad Multiple Launch Rocket Systemnta muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm Grad MLRS, npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab nruab nrog txhua lub plhaub, yog 13.7 tons.
• MLRS ntev - 7.35 meters, dav - 2.4 meters, qhov siab - 3.09 meters.
• Lub caliber ntawm plhaub yog 122 millimeters (tsuas yog tshaj 12 cm).
• Kev tua hluav taws, siv cov foob pob hluav taws 122 hli, nrog rau cov foob pob tawg tawg, tshuaj lom neeg, incendiary thiab pa taws ua rog.
• Qhov kev tua ntawm Grad MLRS yog los ntawm 4 txog 42 mais.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj tom qab tua ib lub pob tawg yog 14.5 hectares.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi thiab cov lus qhia - 40 daim.
• Ib pob volley raug rho tawm hauv 20 vib nas this.
• Full reloading of Grad MLRS kav txog 7 feeb.
• Lub foob pob hluav taws raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis pub dhau 3.5 feeb.
• MLRS reloading tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev siv lub tsheb thauj khoom xwb.
• Kev pom yog siv los ntawm kev siv phom panorama.
• Nkauj ntseeg 3 tug.

"Grad" yog ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub sijhawm tau txais cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov tub rog. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, nws tau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog Afghan, nyob rau hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm Azerbaijan thiab Nagorno-Karabakh, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Chechen tsov rog, thaum lub sij hawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Libya, South Ossetia thiab Syria, thiab nyob rau hauv lub pej xeem tsov rog nyob rau hauv Donbass (Ukraine), uas tawg tawm hauv 2014 xyoo.

Nco ntsoov! Tornado tuaj txog

"Tornado-G" (raws li tau hais los saum toj no, MLRS no qee zaum yuam kev hu ua "Typhoon", yog li ob lub npe tau muab rau ntawm no kom yooj yim) - ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob tua hluav taws xob, uas yog qhov hloov kho tshiab ntawm MLRS " Grad". Cov kws tsim qauv tsim ntawm cov nroj tsuag Splav tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov hybrid muaj zog no, kev loj hlob pib xyoo 1990 thiab kav ntev li 8 xyoo. Thawj zaug, lub peev xwm thiab lub zog ntawm lub dav hlau tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1998 ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia ze Orenburg, tom qab ntawd. uas nws tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho qhov no MLRS. Rau qhov kawg tshwm sim, cov neeg tsim khoom nyob rau 5 xyoo tom ntej no tau txhim kho "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") volley hluav taws system tau teev npe hauv arsenal ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation hauv 2013. Tam sim no, lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog Lavxias Federation. "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") - ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, uas tsis muaj qhov sib piv nyob qhov twg.

"Tornado": daim ntawv thov

MLRS yog siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua los tsoo lub hom phiaj xws li:

• Artillery;
• txhua yam yeeb ncuab tsheb;
• tub rog thiab chaw ua haujlwm;
• tiv thaiv dav hlau systems.

MLRS "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon"): piav qhia

"Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") yog ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tua hluav taws, uas, vim muaj lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv, ntau dua thiab cov kev taw qhia hauv satellite, tau tshaj nws lub npe "laus dua.sister" - MLRS "Grad" - 3 zaug.

Features:

• Qhov hnyav ntawm MLRS tag nrho yog 15.1 tons.
• Length "Tornado-G" - 7.35 meters, dav - 2.4 meters, qhov siab - 3 meters.
• Lub caliber ntawm projectiles yog 122 millimeters (12.2 cm).
• Lub "Tornado-G" MLRS yog universal nyob rau hauv qhov ntawd, ntxiv rau cov plhaub tseem ceeb los ntawm "Grad" MLRS, nws muaj peev xwm siv cov mos txwv tshiab tiam tshiab nrog cov cua kub uas tuaj yeem ntim nrog cov khoom tawg, ib yam nkaus. as high-explosive fragmentation shells.
• Kev tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj nce mus txog 100 mais.
• Thaj chaw siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tom qab tua ib qho salvo yog 14.5 hectares.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi thiab cov lus qhia - 40 daim.
• Pom tau siv ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm hydraulic.
• Ib tug volley raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv 20 vib nas this.
• Lub tshuab tuag tau npaj mus hauv 6 feeb.
• Kev tua hluav taws yog ua los ntawm kev teeb tsa chaw taws teeb (RC) thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob tag nrho nyob hauv lub cockpit.
• Crew - 2 tus neeg.

Ntshai "Horricane"

Raws li nws tshwm sim nrog MLRS feem ntau, keeb kwm ntawm "Hurricane" pib hauv USSR, lossis zoo li, xyoo 1957. Cov "txiv" ntawm MLRS "Hurricane" yog Ganichev Alexander Nikitovich thiab Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Ntxiv mus, thawj tus tsim lub system nws tus kheej, thiab qhov thib ob tsim lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua.

"Hurricane": daim ntawv thov

MLRS "Hurricane" yog tsim los tsoo lub hom phiaj xws li:

• roj teeb phom loj;
• txhua yam khoom siv yeeb ncuab, suav nrog cov armored;
• ncig zog;
• txhua yam khoom tsev;
• tiv thaiv dav hlau missile systems;
• tactical missiles.

MLRS "Hurricane": piav qhia

Thawj zaug "Hurricane" tau siv hauv kev ua tsov rog Afghan. Lawv hais tias cov Mujahideen ntshai MLRS no mus rau qhov tsaus muag thiab txawm muab nws lub npe hu ua "shaitan-pipe".

Tsis tas li ntawd, "Hurricane" ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tso tawm, cov yam ntxwv uas txhawb kev hwm ntawm cov tub rog, tau muaj kev sib cav hauv South Africa. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau cov tub rog ntawm African sab av loj los txhim kho hauv MLRS.

Tam sim no, MLRS no tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tebchaws xws li: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech koom pheej, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

Lub "Hurricane" salvo hluav taws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Qhov hnyav ntawm MLRS tag nrho nruab thiab hauv kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua yog 20 tons.
• nag xob nag cua ntev 9.63 meters, dav 2.8 meters, thiab siab 3.225 meters.
• Lub caliber ntawm plhaub yog 220 millimeters (22 cm). Nws tuaj yeem siv lub plhaub nrog lub pob zeb loj-explosive warhead, nrog cov tawg tawg tawg ntau.cov ntsiab lus, nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm mines.
• Kev tua hluav taws yog 8-35 mais.
• Thaj chaw siab tshaj plaws cuam tshuam tom qab tua ib lub volley yog 29 hectares.
• Tus lej ntawm cov nqi thiab cov lus qhia - 16 daim, cov lus qhia lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem tig 240 degrees.
• Ib tug volley raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv 30 vib nas this.
• A tag nrho rov qab ntawm Uragan MLRS kav li 15 feeb.
• tsheb sib ntaus sib tua mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv 3 feeb xwb.
• MLRS reloading yog ua tau tsuas yog thaum cuam tshuam nrog TK-machine.
• Kev tua yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub rooj tsav xwm txav tau yooj yim, lossis ncaj qha los ntawm lub cockpit.
• Cov neeg coob yog 6 tus neeg.

Zoo li Smerch ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, Uragan ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig tub rog, nrog rau thaum tus yeeb ncuab siv riam phom nuclear, bacteriological lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub complex tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, tsis hais lub caij nyoog thiab qhov kub thiab txias. "Horricane" tuaj yeem koom nrog kev ua phem tsis tu ncua ob qho tib si hauv qhov txias (-40 ° C) thiab kub kub (+ 50 ° C). Uragan MLRS tuaj yeem xa mus rau nws qhov chaw los ntawm dej, cua lossis tsheb ciav hlau.

Tornado Tuag

Lub "Smerch" ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, uas nws tus yam ntxwv tshaj tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm MLRS nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1986 thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog cov tub rog rog ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv 1989. Lub tshuab muaj zog tuag rau hnub no tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv ib qho twgib lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb no.

"Tornado": daim ntawv thov

Qhov MLRS no tsis tshua siv, feem ntau yog rau kev rhuav tshem tag nrho:

• roj teeb phom ntawm txhua hom;
• txhua yam khoom siv tub rog;
• manpower;
• chaw sib txuas lus thiab cov lus txib;
• chaw tsim kho, suav nrog tub rog thiab kev lag luam;
• tiv thaiv dav hlau systems.

MLRS "Smerch": piav qhia

MLRS "Smerch" yog nyob rau hauv tub rog ntawm Russia, Ukraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, Tuam Tshoj, Georgia, Kuwait.

Lub Smerch salvo hluav taws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Qhov hnyav ntawm MLRS tag nrho nruab thiab hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua yog 43.7 tons.
• Tornado ntev - 12.1 meters, dav - 3.05 meters, qhov siab - 3.59 meters.
• Lub caliber ntawm plhaub yog impressive - 300 millimeters.
• Rau kev tua, pawg foob pob hluav taws yog siv nrog lub tsev tswj hwm ua haujlwm thiab lub cav ntxiv uas kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus nqi ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub hom phiaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub plhaub tuaj yeem sib txawv: los ntawm kev tawg mus rau thermobaric.
• Smerch MLRS firing range - ntawm 20 txog 120 mais.
• Thaj chaw siab tshaj plaws cuam tshuam tom qab tua ib lub volley yog 67.2 hectares.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi thiab cov lus qhia - 12 daim.
• Ib tug volley raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv 38 vib nas this.
• Ua tiav cov khoom siv rov qab ntawm MLRS "Smerch" nrog cov plhaub kav ntevtxog 20 feeb.
• Smerch npaj txhij rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov siab kawg ntawm 3 feeb.
• MLRS reloading yog nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum cuam tshuam nrog TK-tshuab nruab nrog lub crane thiab lub charger.
• Cov neeg coob yog 3 tus neeg.

MLRS "Smerch" yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kub thiab txias, nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plhaub raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm Smerch MLRS poob nruj nreem, yog li yooj yim rhuav tshem lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev thiab cov tsheb armored. Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nkaum ntawm "Smerch", MLRS hlawv tawm thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam hauv nws lub vojvoog ntawm kev ua. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog lub zog ntawm lub foob pob nuclear, tab sis tseem, leej twg yog tus tswv Tornado yog tus tswv lub ntiaj teb.lub tswv yim ntawm "kev thaj yeeb hauv ntiaj teb" yog npau suav. Thiab tsuav yog muaj MLRS, unattainable…