Architecture thiab interiors ntawm Enlightenment thiab Hnub Nyoog Tshiab tsis yooj yim cia ib tug neeg indifferent - lawv ua rau cua daj cua dub zoo siab los yog categorical tsis kam. Tab sis txawm niaj hnub no, architects tab tom tig mus rau baroque, faj tim teb chaws, rococo styles, vim hais tias cov neeg nyiam qhov zoo nkauj, nws resonates hauv lawv lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv keeb kwm no. Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas baroque, rococo thiab classicism txawv, lawv tshwm sim thiab dab tsi yog lawv cov yam ntxwv.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv zoo hauv kev kos duab
Style yog daim ntawv ruaj khov ntawm qee yam, hauv peb rooj plaub - ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab, kos duab. Cov qauv zoo yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xav zoo nkauj, kev nkag siab ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm, kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Style yog hom kev xav hauv ntiaj teb ntawm lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab, muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb, yog li txawv eras txuam nrog ib tug tej yam, ruaj khov artistic style.xav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv - baroque, rococo, classicism thiab lwm yam - tsis ploj mus txhua qhov chaw. Muaj ib txwm muaj cov neeg tsim khoom uas pom cov khoom siv kos duab hauv cov lus qhia uas twb muaj lawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau tam sim no theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kos duab, thaum lawv coexistence yog pom. Feem ntau, cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias muaj cov qauv zoo, xws li Gothic lossis Baroque, thiab cov qauv, xws li Empire lossis Symbolism. Txhua tus qauv yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav qhia, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau ib qho lossis lwm qhov sib txawv.
History ntawm Baroque
Thaum kawg ntawm Renaissance, tus qauv tshiab tshwm sim hauv Ltalis. Nws los ua ib tug counterweight rau classicism thiab rationalism. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws qhov tsos yog vim peb yam: cov no yog cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub ntiaj teb cuam tshuam nrog cov kev tshawb pom ntawm thaj chaw zoo, kev tawm tsam kev hloov kho hauv Catholicism thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev txiav txim hauv architecture. Kuj tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm Baroque yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj siab ntawm Ltalis thiab Rome kom tuav lub npe ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv Tebchaws Europe. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov Italian aristocracy tau rhuav tshem lawv cov nyiaj txiag, thiab tsis muaj nyiaj txaus los tsim cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj. Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau txuas ntxiv mus rau amaze cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub teb chaws nrog lawv cov kev nplua nuj, cov ntawv qhia tshiab tau tsim, tsim los ua rau cov neeg xav xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tib neeg lub neej hloov pauv, kev paub txuj ci ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau nce hnyav, tib neeg pib koom nrog ntau yam haujlwm.
Los ntawm ltalis, cov style kis thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "zoo kawg nkaus style" ntawm LouisLub kaum plaub, uas ua ke cov classic kab lig kev cai thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Baroque. Cov style no tau txais ntau yam duab kos duab, tab sis nws tau hais meej tshaj plaws hauv architecture thiab sab hauv tsim.
Cov ntawv nyeem Baroque tau nrov hauv ntau lub tebchaws, thiab cov duab kos duab baroque tau zoo nyob hauv Ltalis thiab Netherlands. Nyob rau hauv Spain thiab nws cov cheeb tsam, qhov style no tau txais tsis tau tsuas yog loj faib, tab sis kuj ntxiv dag zog rau, nws tseem hu ua ultra-baroque. Cov neeg Mev nthuav tawm lawv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv rau Latin America. England, txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tag nrho dim ntawm qhov baroque pomp craze.
Baroque thiab Rococo tau dhau los ua ntau hom kev sib tham nrog classicism. Baroque yog nws qhov tseeb antipode, tab sis tom qab ntawd Rococo sim ua kom rov ua kom rov zoo dua qub hauv Baroque architecture thiab painting, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm classicism. Lub sijhawm Baroque tau dhau los ntawm 16th mus rau 18th caug xyoo thiab tau tso cov cuab yeej cuab tam loj loj uas tseem nyiam cov neeg thiab pom cov neeg ua raws li kev lig kev cai no.
Qhov txawv ntawm
Txhua tus qauv - gothic, baroque, rococo, faj tim teb chaws li lig classicism - muaj nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem qhia. Lub ntsiab epithets haum rau piav txog lub Baroque yog "pomp" thiab "redundancy". Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain hais tias lo lus no feem ntau txhais li "quirky, nquag mus rau overes." Nws qhov txawv feature yog solemnity, stateliness, redundancy. Style yog tsim los qhia txog lub neej tag nrho, kev lom zem ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv lub architecture thiab painting ntawm no era, monumentality thiabdynamism, sib txawv ua si ntawm cov xim thiab lub teeb, contrasts. Artists ntawm lub sij hawm no feem ntau tig mus rau antique motifs rau kev tshoov siab. Baroque ua haujlwm sib zog ua kom pom kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tsis pom kev. Tus kws kos duab nrhiav kev dag ntxias cov neeg saib, los tsim qhov chaw rau nws qhov twg hauv kev muaj tiag tsis muaj. Cov Italian aristocracy xav, los ntawm kev pleev xim, muab lawv cov chav ua kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, yog li lub pob zeb ntawm txhua yam tshwm sim, qhov tawg ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm tus neeg saib kom nws ua pa tawm thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua phooj ywg rau hauv. cov ntsiab lus.
Baroque sab hauv
Baroque painting tau tsim feem ntau los kho lub palazzo ntawm Italian aristocrats. Maj mam, style embraced tag nrho sab hauv. Baroque chav yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntim loj thiab nplai. Cov phab ntsa yog nplua nuj nrog cov duab kos duab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog qhov baroque interiors: lawv ib txwm muaj ntau ntawm gilding, cov ntsiab lus, carvings, stucco moldings nrog paj motifs: vines, nplooj, paj, thiab ntau sculptures ntawm antique ntsiab. Cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm interiors nyob rau hauv cov style no nquag siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Cov rooj tog nyob rau hauv cov interiors yog ib txwm loj, nrog carvings, nplua nuj draperies, nplua nuj fabrics, thiab tapestries. Txhawm rau tsim qhov illusion ntawm qhov chaw, iav feem ntau siv, pleev xim rau thaj chaw uas nthuav dav qhov kev xav ntawm chav.
Baroque architecture
Cov yeeb yam yeeb yam tshwm sim lawv tus kheej mus rau qib sib txawv hauv ntau hom kev kos duab. Baroque thiab rococo, nrog rau classicism, mus txog lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv architecture. Baroque eranto moo rau nws cov vaj tse majestic. Ntawm lawv yog Royal Palace hauv Madrid, Palazzo Carignano hauv Turin, Frauenkirche thiab Zwinger hauv Dresden, Trevi Fountain hauv Rome. Baroque cov tsev yog txawv los ntawm cov ntim loj, lawv siv zog ua kom muaj kev zoo siab rau cov neeg saib, siv txhua kab, caryatids, concave thiab convex facades, thiab complex facade décor rau qhov no. Palaces, ensembles ntawm squares nrog cov qhov dej thiab sculptures, chaw ua si ensembles nrog zoo nkauj pavilions, monastic thiab lub tsev teev ntuj complexes ua lub tsev zoo ntawm lub era. Cov vaj tse Baroque zoo li yuav kim npaum li qhov ua tau, thiab qhov rov ua dua ntawm txhua yam cuam tshuam qhov muag hauv lawv.
History of Rococo
Ntau dhau baroque raug hloov los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab haum rau lub sijhawm tshiab - rococo. Baroque nrhiav kev qhuas tus neeg saib ntawm txhua tus nqi, thiab nws cov lus Fab Kis tau sim ua kom pom qhov saj ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov style no, lossis, raws li qee cov kws tshaj lij hais tias, ib qho kev taw qhia, tshwm sim hauv Fabkis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Louis lub kaum plaub, lub neej tsiv los ntawm loj palaces mus rau lub salons thiab lub tsev ntawm aristocracy. Nrog rau tom ntej Louis, lub neej ua kev lom zem ntau dua, lub aristocracy nrhiav kom tau tag nrho cov kev lom zem nyob rau hauv ib zaug, cia siab tias lub sij hawm tragic. Thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, tus qauv tshiab tshwm sim, rau qhov loj tshaj plaws nws tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.
Special Features
Rococo dhau los ua ib qho kev vam meej ntawm cov kab lis kev cai Baroque, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov tee ntawm classicism hauv nws. Cov kev taw qhia tshiab tau simkov yeej lub inhuman nplai ntawm lub baroque. Qhov kev taw qhia no yog txuam nrog kev tawm mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev npau suav, nws tsis muaj lub siab xav ua rau cov neeg saib poob siab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntawm no lub hom phiaj yog los tsim kev xav ntawm qhov kaj, kev xav, kev zoo siab. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia no yog airiness, abundance ntawm lub teeb, sophistication thiab intricacy.
Rococo sab hauv
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm baroque thiab rococo yog cov vajntxwv, cov nom tswv siab tshaj plaws, yog cov neeg siv khoom thawj zaug, thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj heev, thiab qhov thib ob tau npaj los kho lub neej ntiag tug, nws twb npaj tsis tau. tsuas yog tsim cov nyhuv sab nraud, tab sis kuj ua kom yooj yim rau lub neej. Yog li ntawd, qhov style no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim sab hauv. Lub layout ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub Rococo style twb tsis enfilade, tab sis muaj asymmetric complexes. Sab hauv tsim yog dominated los ntawm cov kab sib npaug, du. Cov chav tau dhau los ua me me, sib txuam ntau dua, cov ceilings twb muaj qhov siab zoo sib xws nrog tib neeg kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv txhua yam muaj kev ntshaw rau lub neej xis nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov rooj tog zaum zoo heev yog tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Cov xim palette dhau los ua softer, kev sib txuas ntawm cov dawb nrog ilv xim liab, lub teeb ntsuab, xiav, lilac feem ntau siv. Chav tsev tau ntim nrog ntau yam khoom siv: vases, textiles, ntau yam duab. Nyob rau hauv no era, lub tswv yim ntawm sab hauv raws li ib tug holistic ensemble tshwm. Lub sijhawm ntawm Louis XV yog lub sijhawm yug los ntawm kev sau ntiag tug, thiab tib neeg tau nthuav tawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lawv cov khoom khaws cia hauv lawv cov interiors.
Rococo hauvarchitecture
Lub sijhawm Rococo, kev tsim kho tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov khoom vaj tsev loj loj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim kho ntiag tug. Yog li ntawd, Rococo feem ntau sawv cev hauv lub tsev villas thiab cov tsev ntawm cov neeg muaj tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, cov style no yog dominated los ntawm cov tsev me me, lub décor siv lub motif ntawm rocaille (ib tug scroll resembling ib lub plhaub) thiab cartouches. Facades, nrog rau sab hauv, yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim pastel. Lub tsev yog txawv los ntawm asymmetry, du kab, sophistication. Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub whim ntawm cov neeg muas zaub thiab lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse. Qhov style no tau mus txog nws qhov kaj ntug loj tshaj plaws hauv architecture ntawm Bavaria. Cov tsev nto moo hauv Rococo style - Petit Trianon hauv Versailles, Sanssouci Palace hauv Potsdam, Spanish Cov kauj ruam hauv Rome.
Zoo sib xws ntawm Rococo thiab Baroque styles
Muab piv ob cov lus qhia hauv kev kos duab, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov: ib qho ua raws li ntawm lwm qhov. Thiab txawm hais tias mus rau qhov sib txawv, tab sis ob qho tib si baroque thiab rococo yog antagonists ntawm classicism. Ob qho tib si yog tsim los ntawm quirkiness, nkhaus kab, paj thiab antique motifs. Ob qho kev qhia tau pom zoo nyob rau sab hauv thiab architecture, hauv kev pleev xim lawv tsis tshua muaj neeg sawv cev dua li lwm yam qauv.
Style sib txawv
Xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Baroque thiab Rococo, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm. Baroque yog lub sijhawm muaj kev cia siab zoo, thiab Rococo yog lub sijhawm ntawm foreboding vau. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog qhov ntsuas. Nyob rau hauv baroque, txhua yam yog grandiose, txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv loj scale. Thiab nyob rau hauv Rococo txhua yam yog me me, ntau elegant. Hloov cov duab puab- figurines, es tsis txhob ntawm cov rooj tog loj - sib dua thiab xis dua. Baroque yog yus muaj los ntawm symmetry, theatricality, Scope, solemnity, splendor. Thiab rau Rococo - subtlety, kev tshav ntuj, intimacy, nuances, gallantry. Txhua yam yog qhov hnyav hauv baroque, tab sis playfulness thiab lightness yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv rococo.
