South Azerbaijan: qhov chaw, keeb kwm kev loj hlob, nthuav qhov tseeb, duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan paub txog nws cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los. Cov pej xeem hauv zos feem ntau koom nrog kev cog paj paj thiab lwm yam qoob loo textile, tshuaj yej thiab txiv ntoo, nrog rau horticulture thiab nyuj yug menyuam.

Qhov twg. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

South Azerbaijan nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Iran niaj hnub nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Nws lub nroog loj yog Urmia, Tabriz, Mahabad, Merend, Merage thiab Ardabil. Hauv lwm txoj kev, thaj av no tseem hu ua Iranian Azerbaijan. Qhov no ntawm lub qub Persia nyob ib cheeb tsam ntawm 176,512 km2. Kwv yees li 7 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam no tag nrho. Tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm South Azerbaijan yog Azerbaijani lossis Kurds.

Tam sim no muaj ntau lub xeev Iranian hauv thaj chaw no:

• Western Azerbaijan;
• Ardabil;
• Zanjan;
• East Azerbaijan.

Unofficial peevSouth Azerbaijan suav hais tias yog lub nroog Tabriz.

thaj chaw thaj chaw

Feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan yog nyob hauv roob. Kuj tseem muaj 17 tus dej ntws los ntawm no. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, thaj av no ciam teb rau Caucasian Azerbaijan. Sab qab teb ntawm qhov kawg yog lub nroog Lekoran. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws mus rau Iranian lub nroog ntawm Ardabil tsuas yog 70 km ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan muaj ciam teb nrog Armenia.

Rau sab hnub poob, thaj chaw no ciam teb rau Iraq thiab Turkey. Hauv South Azerbaijan, cov roob feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm Armenian Highlands. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw no yog Kurdistan Toj siab (nyob rau sab hnub poob) thiab Talysh (nyob rau sab hnub tuaj). Tsis tas li ntawd, sab hnub tuaj ntawm Zagros Range stretches ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb los ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan.

Tectonic kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no yeej ib txwm hnyav heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm av qeeg, ntawm lwm yam, ob peb picturesque intermountain bass tau tsim ntawm no. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws xws li toj roob hauv pes yog Urmia kev nyuaj siab nrog lub pas dej ntsev ntawm tib lub npe.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan, tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas tsuas yog txaus siab rau hauv Web, muaj qhov pits:

• Hoy Merend;
• Araks dej hav;
• Bozkush;
• Seblan.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan yog Karadag thiab Mishudag, ciam teb rau Araks River, nrog rau Sebelan thiab Bozkush kev nyuaj siab. Ntawm lwm yam, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw no muaj ob lub roob hluav taws muaj zog:

• Sebelan - qhov siab 4812 m;
• Kheremdag -qhov siab 3710 m.

Ntuj nyob rau thaj chaw no yeej zoo nkauj heev. Koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov no los ntawm saib cov duab ntawm South Azerbaijan uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.

dej thiab pas dej

Tus dej loj ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan yog Araks - txoj cai ntawm Kura. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm txoj kev dej no yog nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nce mus txog, lub Araks hla lub teb chaws ntawm Armenia. Qhov dej tseem ceeb ntawm Azerbaijan no tau hais nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Greek thaj chaw qub Hecatius ntawm Miletus (VI xyoo pua BC). Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov Armenians hu ua Yeraskh thiab txuas cov hlab ntsha no nrog lub npe ntawm tus huab tais ancient Aramais Yerast. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm Araks yog 1072 km, thiab thaj tsam ntawm nws lub phiab yog 102 km2. Cov hlab ntsha dej no feem ntau ntws los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes. Hauv Azerbaijani, nws lub npe suab zoo li Araz. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov nthuav tias Soviet-Iranian hydroelectric complex tau tsim rau ntawm tus dej no hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Lwm cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb ntawm South Azerbaijan yog Gezel Uzan. Tus dej no ntws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av ntawd thiab muaj ob txoj kev - Aydigyumus thiab Garangu.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, ntawm thaj chaw Iranian Azerbaijan muaj ob lub pas dej loj ntxiv - Akgel thiab Urmia. Cov yav tas kuj tau hais hauv Avesta. Hauv phau ntawv Zoroastrian no tau piav qhia tias yog "lub pas dej tob nrog cov dej qab ntsev" Chechasht. Lub reservoir nyob rau hauv lub Kurdish roob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1275 m. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm nws catchment cheeb tsam yog 50 txhiab km2. Ntawm lub pas dej no, ntawm lwm yam, muaj 102 Islands, qhov loj tshaj plawsntawm cov uas npog nrog cov hav zoov pistachio.

teb chaws nyab xeeb

Iranian Azerbaijan feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua sab av loj. Kub lub caij ntuj sov no hloov nrog lub caij ntuj no txias. Iran yog ib lub xeev uas muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm ntuj ya raws. South Azerbaijan yog qhov kev zam zoo rau qhov kev hwm no. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo los nag tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 300-900 mm. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov pej xeem hauv zos muaj lub cib fim los ua kev ua liaj ua teb yam tsis muaj irrigation. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw no, kev nyab xeeb yog subtropical kiag li.

Vim li cas thiaj hu tias

Nws yog thaj av no kom txog rau thaum 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau hu ua Azerbaijan. Nws daig nrog nws keeb kwm. Qhov ntau sab qaum teb Caucasian thaj chaw ua Azerbaijan tsuas yog tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lawv raug hu ua txawv me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, cov cheeb tsam no, raws li paub, yog lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan. Lub tom kawg tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1918 thiab tau txais lub npe no feem ntau yog vim li cas haiv neeg.

Hnub no Azerbaijan yog hu ua lub tebchaws Caucasian. Tseeb tiag, ntawm no tam sim no muaj ib lub xeev lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb, uas muaj nws tus kheej ciam teb. South Azerbaijan (los yog Iranian) suav hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li thaj chaw keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw.

Qhov tseeb, lo lus qub "Azerbaijan" los ntawm Persian Mad-i-Aturpatkan (Âzarâbâdagân). Lub npe no tau muab rau lub xeev Media, qhov twg, tom qab ntxeem tau ntawm Alexander lub Great, lub xeem Achaemenid. Satrap Atropat (Aturpatak). Nws nyob ntawm thaj chaw no uas South Azerbaijan feem ntau nyob niaj hnub no.

Nws paub tias thaum ub nyob rau thaj av no muaj ntau lub tuam tsev Zoroastrian tua hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub npe "Azerbaijan" pib txhais txawv me ntsis. Cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam no suav hais tias lawv lub tebchaws yog "qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws los saum ntuj los." Nyob rau hauv Persian, nws suab zoo li "Ador Bad Agan", uas yog heev consonant nrog lo lus "Azerbaijan".

Zoroastrian lub sijhawm

Thaum pib, thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan, nrog rau Caucasian, yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Manna. Tom qab ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm, nws tau nyob ntawm Scythian lub nceeg vaj. Txawm tias tom qab ntawd, cov cheeb tsam no tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub xeev Median tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd lub tebchaws Achaemenid. Iranian Azerbaijan tau raug hu ua nyob rau hnub ntawd Cov Xov Xwm Me.

Tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Atropate dynasty, cov cheeb tsam no tau los ua ib feem ntawm Parthian lub nceeg vaj, thiab tom qab ntawd lub tebchaws Sasanian. Cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Media Minor nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd feem ntau yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm ob lub tebchaws. Ib feem ntawm South Azerbaijan mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lake Urmia tau koom nrog Greater Armenia thaum lub sijhawm no. hauv 4c. e. Vajntxwv ntawm cov tebchaws no, Urnair, ua raws li tus qauv ntawm Trdat III, hloov siab los ntseeg Vajtswv.

lub sijhawm Islam

Hauv 642, Lesser Media (Adurbadgan) tau los ua ib feem ntawm Arab Caliphate. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman no, nws tau mus rau Caliphate ntawm Sajids nrog nws lub peev hauv Tabriz. Ob centuries tom qab ntawd, thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan tau subdued los ntawm Seljuk Turks thiab ua ib feem ntawm lawv.ntawm nws lub teb chaws Ottoman. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg tom kawg, Adurbadgan tau txiav txim rau qee lub sijhawm los ntawm Atabeks los ntawm Ildegizids dynasty, qub vassals ntawm Seljuks.

Nyob rau xyoo 1220 cov Tatar-Mongols tau txeeb Lesser Media thiab rhuav tshem nws. Tsib xyoos tom qab, lub peev ntawm South Azerbaijan, Tabriz, raug ntes los ntawm Khorezmshah Jalal-ad-Din, muab xaus rau Ildegizid dynasty. Tom qab lub Mongol Empire poob lawm, cov av no mus rau Hulagu Khan. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV. Iranian Azerbaijan tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman ntawm Jalairids, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Safavids, uas tau rov qab sib sau ua ke ntawm Iran. Isfahan tau los ua lub peev ntawm Adurbagan nyob rau hnub ntawd.

Azerbaijani ethnos

Pib pib los ntawm kev kav ntawm Jalairids thiab Safavids, thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan pib muaj neeg coob coob los ntawm cov neeg Turkic. Muaj assimilated cov pej xeem Persian hauv zos, lawv tau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm Azerbaijani ethnos. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib haiv neeg tshiab pib tsim tsis yog nyob rau hauv Adurbadgan nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Transcaucasia. Ntawm no cov Turks assimilated Iranians thiab Dagestanis (Albanians).

Tom qab ntawd, cov pab pawg neeg Azerbaijani cov tub rog, cov neeg Shiites siab tawv, tiv thaiv Iran los ntawm Turks. Lub sijhawm dhau los, Adurbadgan tau dhau los ua lub xeev nplua nuj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev no. Cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Shah lub zwm txwv feem ntau yog tsa tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm thaj av no.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub XIX - thaum ntxov XX nyob rau hauv

Lub Kaum Hli 1827, thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Caucasian, Azerbaijani lub nroog Tabriz raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm General Paskevich. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, tom qab kos npe ntawm Turkmenchay kev thaj yeeb, cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm ntawm cov cheeb tsam no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li kev pom zoo, North Azerbaijantau annexed rau Russia. Lub sab qab teb tseem nyob hauv qab ntawm Gajar shahs ntawm Iran. Ciam teb nyob rau hnub ntawd hla tus dej Araks.

Nyob rau hauv 19-20 centuries, South Azerbaijan ib ntus poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Turks lossis Russians. Xyoo 1880, kev tawm tsam Kurdish tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Cov neeg ntxeev siab, sim tsim lawv tus kheej lub xeev, yuav luag coj Tabriz. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ntxeev siab thaum kawg tau kov yeej. Tom qab 25 xyoos ntxiv, Tabriz tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm Iranian kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1911. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau pab lub sijhawm ntawd Shah ntawm Iran txwv kev tawm tsam.

Tom qab ntawd, lub tebchaws tsis muaj zog thaum kawg tau los ua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Russia thiab Turkey. Sab Qab Teb Azerbaijan, tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv Tabriz thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Turkish los ntawm Kurdistan lawv tau ntes los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, zoo li sab qaum teb Azerbaijan, poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Russians.

Xyoo 1914, nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm Germans thiab Turks, cov tub rog tsarist raug yuam kom tawm hauv thaj chaw Iranian Azerbaijan niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Lavxias tau rov qab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd thiab nyob ntawm no mus txog xyoo 1917. Txij thaum pib mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm xyoo 1918, cov cheeb tsam no tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Turks.

Rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov pejxeem ntawm Azerbaijan tsis tau txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej li ib pawg neeg sib cais. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av no hu lawv tus kheej "Turks" lossis "Muslims". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Azerbaijani lus", "Azerbaijani neeg" tau qhia los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nyob sab Europe tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 19th.

Thawj Qaib ntxhw thiab tom qab ntawd Russia tau pab cov neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Iran thiab sab qab teb ntawm Caucasus los txiav txim siab txog tus kheej raws li ib pawg neeg. Thaum pib, Azerbaijani haiv neeg tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no raws li kev tawm tsam rau Persian siab nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm Pahlavi dynasty. Cov Turks tau pib txhawb kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum ntxov xyoo 20th. Xyoo 1941, South Azerbaijan tau nyob los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 77 kev faib tawm tshwj xeeb ntawm haiv neeg Azerbaijani tau qhia rau thaj av. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, nquag yias-Azerbaijani propaganda yog, tau kawg, ua los ntawm Soviet cov neeg sawv cev xa los ntawm Baku.

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1945, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab los ntawm USSR, lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Azerbaijan tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nrog nws tus kheej tsoom fwv, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ib pab tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, Moscow txoj kev sim los tswj hwm qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Iran hnub no thaum kawg ua tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1946, nyob rau hauv lub siab los ntawm lub tebchaws United States thiab Great Britain, Russia raug yuam kom thim nws cov tub rog los ntawm South Azerbaijan. Sab laug yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm Moscow, DRA, ntawm chav kawm, tsis kav ntev heev. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws thaj chaw tau rov muab rau Iran.

Iranian thiab Caucasian haiv neeg

Thaum pib, yav qab teb thiab Caucasian Azerbaijan tau nyob los ntawm cov haiv neeg yuav luag zoo ib yam ntawm cov pejxeem. Tom qab Eastern Transcaucasia mus rau Russia, qhov xwm txheej hloov me ntsis. Cov Azerbaijanis uas tseem nyob hauv Iran txuas ntxiv nyob hauv qab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev coj noj coj ua Islamic. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg no tau tsim rau ntau xyoo caum nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm Europeanized Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai (txawm hais tias 99% ntawm cov pejxeem tseem yog Muslims).

Txij thaum xyoo 1990, ntau tus nom tswvOb leeg Azerbaijans tau hais tawm rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov av sib faib. Hauv 1995, piv txwv li, South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement (DNSA) tau tsim.

Nyob hauv Iran, cov neeg Persians ntev ntev tau sim txhawm rau txwv txhua haiv neeg Azerbaijani kev xav. Tab sis cov tub rog tawm tsam kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm ob cheeb tsam ib txwm nyob hauv qhov chaw no. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2006, muaj kev kub ntxhov loj hauv lub tebchaws txog qhov no. Xyoo 2013, ib pab pawg neeg sawv cev hauv Iranian parliament tau npaj tsab cai lij choj muab lub teb chaws txoj cai los hais txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm North thiab South Azerbaijan.

Keeb kwm ntawm cheeb tsam: nthuav qhov tseeb

Azerbaijan raug suav hais tias yog Northern. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws qub Soviet tsuas yog 86,600 km ². Thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan, uas suav hais tias tsuas yog thaj chaw thaj chaw, yog 100 txhiab km ^{2. Tib lub sijhawm, tsawg dua 10 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv lub xeev Caucasian. Ntau tshaj 7 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv Iranian Azerbaijan.}

Kev nkag mus ntawm cov tub rog Soviet mus rau thaj chaw ntawm South Azerbaijan nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau cuam tshuam feem ntau nrog cov kev xav ntawm fascist ntawm Shah ntawm Iran thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lub USSR tom qab ntawd tso siab rau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm xyoo 1921 uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tebchaws. Kev nkag ntawm cov tub rog mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Iranian Azerbaijan tau tso cai los ntawm Tshooj 6 ntawm nws. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd cov neeg Askiv tau nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg Amelikas. Yog li, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Iran tau dhau los ua cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov cuab yeej raug xa mus rau USSR los ntawmphooj ywg.

Nyob rau xyoo 20 thiab 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Iran tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv South Azerbaijan, txawv ntawm cov siv hauv lwm qhov hauv lub xeev. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov nyiaj hauv lub tebchaws no tsuas yog luam tawm xwb.

Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv xyoo 2006 hauv thaj chaw thaj chaw no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov duab tas luav hauv Azerbaijani lus hauv Iranian xov xwm. Kev tawm tsam tom qab ntawd tau tshwm sim thoob plaws sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws. Tom qab 10 hnub, lawv hloov mus ua kev tawm tsam. Thaum lawv tawm tsam, 4 tus neeg tuag thiab 330 raug ntes. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias thaum Lub Xya Hli 2007, kwv yees li 800 tus neeg tawm tsam ntawm lub teb chaws awakening ntawm South Azerbaijan tau raug kaw hauv Iranian tsev loj cuj.

Caucasian Azerbaijan tsis suav tias yog Azerbaijan thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Qee cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias lub tebchaws tshiab Soviet tau txais nws lub npe tsuas yog vim tias tsoomfwv ntawm USSR tau npaj los sib sau tag nrho cov tebchaws uas nyob hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib haiv neeg. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws yuav yog qhov tseeb dua hu rau niaj hnub Caucasian Azerbaijan Arran.

Kab lis kev cai ntawm South Azerbaijan: nthuav qhov tseeb

Raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm Herodotus, cov Medes, uas ib zaug nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Iran, tau txeeb lub tebchaws no hla lub roob hla sab hnub poob ntawm Caspian, thaum ub tau muab faib ua 6 pawg. Ib haiv neeg no hu ua "magicians". Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias pawg neeg no yog ib pab pov thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd cov pov thawj, tsis yog cov Medes xwb, thiab cov Pawxia, los ntawm nws.

Tightly related ntawmCov khawv koob ib txwm khaws cia rau hauv kev sib tham nrog nroog kev vam meej - Urartu, Assyria thiab Babylon, thiab, tau kawg, tau kawm ntau yam los ntawm lawv. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov pov thawj no ib zaug ntsia rau cov neeg sab hnub tuaj thiab tawm tsam kev sib kis ntawm Zoroastrianism. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, txoj kev ntseeg no tau nrov thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav txog kev kav Ildegizids yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Southern Azerbaijan. Tom qab lub zog ntawm Seljuk lub teb chaws Ottoman, lawv cov qub vassals nquag patronized lub zos poets thiab architects. Piv txwv li, xws li cov kws sau paj huam oriental paub zoo li Zahir Faryabi, Anvari Abivardi, Nizami Ganjavi nyiam kev txhawb nqa ntawm Ildegizids.

Cov Safavids kuj tau txhawb nqa kev kawm txuj ci thiab txuj ci hauv South Azerbaijan, pib los ntawm Shah Ismail I. Nyob rau hauv lub palaces ntawm cov thawj coj, muaj txawm lub Tsev ntawm Phau Ntawv, qhov uas cov ntawv sau tsis tshua muaj khaws cia. Cov tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb yog nplua nuj nyob rau hnub ntawd hauv Tabriz thiab Ardabil.

Safavid Shah Abbas II sim ib zaug los nqa cov khoom siv rau luam ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kav tsis muaj nyiaj txaus rau qhov no, hmoov tsis. Xyoo 1828, cov tub rog Lavxias tau nyob hauv Ardabil thiab tshem tawm 166 phau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub nroog no, uas tau xa mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm St. Petersburg.

Ntxiv rau cov kws sau paj huam, thaum lub sijhawm Safavid, tag nrho tiam ntawm calligraphers-miniaturists loj hlob hauv Iranian Azerbaijan: Seyid Ali Tabrizi, Ali Rza Tabrizi, Mir Abdulbagi Tabrizi. Thaum lub sij hawm no dynasty, lub ntiaj teb nto moo ashyglar ntawm sab qab tebAzerbaijan Gurbani. Twb tau tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, lub anonymous dastan "Gurbani" tau tsim, nrog rau cov ntu ntawm tus kws sau paj huam biography thiab nws cov paj huam.

Kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm ntawm South Azerbaijan nyob rau xyoo 19th-20th

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, tom qab qhov xaus ntawm Turkmenchay Treaty, qhov chaw ntawm Azerbaijan tau faib ua ntau txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, uas tau nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Russians, kev kawm secular pib nquag txhim kho (cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm madrasah raug kaw tib lub sijhawm).

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Azerbaijan, Iranian cov tub ceev xwm tau xyaum tsis tau xyuam xim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm madrasah, uas muab kev kawm theem nrab thiab qib siab, tseem muaj nyob ntawm no. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, txawm tias ntau lub tsev kawm txuj ci tshiab tau qhib hauv South Azerbaijan. Tab sis qhov qhab nia rau qhov no tsis yog rau cov neeg kav Qajars, tab sis rau ntau tus neeg txawj ntse. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1887, Mirza Hasan Rushdiya, lub npe hu ua "leej txiv ntawm Iranian kev kawm", qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Tabriz nrog kev qhia raws li tus qauv tshiab, uas hu ua "Dabestan".

Nyob rau xyoo 1858, lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm raug muab tso rau hauv South Azerbaijan. Ces cov ntawv xov xwm "Azerbaijan" tau luam tawm ntawm no thawj zaug. Xyoo 1880, Tabriz tsab pib luam tawm hauv Tabriz. Xyoo 1884, cov ntawv xov xwm Medeniyet tau luam tawm hauv Iranian Azerbaijan.

Nkauj hnub no

Tam sim no, hauv South Azerbaijan, kev xav hauv tebchaws, zoo li ob peb xyoos dhau los, muaj zog heev. Ntxiv mus, cov kev nom kev tswv ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no qhib kev tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev xav rau kev txiav txim siab tus kheej. Piv txwv li, lub Tsib Hlis 2017Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm National Resistance Organization of Azerbaijan (ANRO) thov kom Donald Trump tsis txhob xav txog Iranian Azerbaijani li Iranians txhua.

Qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm hauv South Azerbaijan nrog Iranian cov tub ceev xwm nrog lawv cov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm yog tshwm sim, piv txwv li, los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis tau muab lub sijhawm los txais kev kawm hauv lawv hom lus, txawm tias muaj kev sib raug zoo. clause nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus Constitution. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv zos niaj hnub no nyiam tsis nyob hauv Iran, tab sis mus rau hauv Tehran lossis qub tebchaws Soviet. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 10 lab tus tib neeg tau tawm hauv South Azerbaijan nyob rau peb lub xyoos dhau los.