Yuav poob siab. Teem caij ntawm dov blackouts

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:01

Hnub no, cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv hluav taws xob tau tswj hwm los ntawm ntau txoj cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv qib siab. Tshwj xeeb, cov kev cai muab cov txheej txheem rau kev txwv kev xa khoom. Cia peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav ntxiv hauv qab no.

Txoj cai tswj hwm

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, cov kev cai ntawm Tshooj VI ntawm Civil Code siv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom muag thiab kev muag khoom. Txoj cai tom ntej no yog Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob". Nyob rau hauv txoj cai no, cov teeb meem ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau hais tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no tau hais hauv Art. 38. Raws li cov kev cai, Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias pom zoo cov txheej txheem raws li ib feem lossis ua tiav kev txwv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov khw muag khoom thiab cov lag luam wholesale. Tsab xov xwm tseem qhia txog qib ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj kev ua txhaum cai los ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm lawv cov luag num, nrog rau yog tias tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov kev ntsuas ceev kom tshem tawm lossis tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov. Cov cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam - lwm txoj cai uas tswj hwmteeb meem ntsig txog kev muab hluav taws xob. Lawv tau pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv tsab cai No. 530.

Basic requirements of law

Cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua tiav ntawm cov luag num them nyiaj rau lub zog thiab muab:

• Yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej (tsis pub tsawg dua 10 hnub) ceeb toom txog qhov kev pom zoo qhia txog kev txwv ib nrab lossis ua tiav ntawm hom kev siv hluav taws xob. Daim ntawv ceeb toom muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom cov nuj nqis, hnub xav tau ntawm kev xa khoom kaw.
• Kev txwv tsis pub ua txhaum cai ntawm lwm tus neeg siv khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev txwv txwv ntawm hom xa khoom thiab nws qib.
• Yuav tsum tau qhia txog kev kaw ib nrab ntawm kev noj ua ntej kev txiav tawm tiav.
• Lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua txhaum txoj cai txwv, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg siv lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
• Kev ruaj ntseg rau cov luag haujlwm them nyiaj rau cov neeg muag khoom los ntawm pawg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsim los ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag ntawm cov qib sib xws.
• Kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation, suav nrog kev them nyiaj rau kev them nqi hluav taws xob, ua raws li txoj cai.
• Kev tsis lees paub ntawm kev txwv ntawm kev noj zaub mov ua ntej lub sijhawm tas sijhawm ntawm kev siv tau ntawm cov kev cai muab los ntawm cov peev nyiaj ntawm cov qib sib xws.

Yuav poob ntsej muaghluav taws xob

Lawv tshwm sim vim tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg muag khoom los muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog cov khoom tag nrho. Hauv qhov no, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab lub peev xwm ntawm tus muag khoom. Rolling blackouts tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ceev thiab tseem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj nuj nqis siab.

Kev xyaum ntiaj teb

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias dov blackouts feem ntau tsis tshwm sim hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Yog tias lawv tshwm sim, lawv yog cov hauv zos hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo. Rau cov teb chaws tsim, los ntawm qhov sib piv, dov blackouts yog suav tias yog ib qho kev coj ua. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog vim qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom tsim thiab muab khoom thiab cov kev xav tau uas twb muaj lawm.

Txoj Cai

Raws li kev txiav txim plaub ntug qhia, dov blackouts yog ib qho teeb meem ceev heev rau ntau lub lag luam. Qhov xwm txheej yog qhov hnyav dua los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev cai lij choj hauv tebchaws tsis pom zoo rau cov kev coj ua ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, vim lawv ua rau cov haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov koom haum. Raws li tau hais los saum no, Civil Code tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum muab khoom rau kev xa khoom qis yog tsim nyob rau hauv Art. 547. Txoj Cai Txhaum Cai muab kev rau txim rau kev cuam tshuam tsis raug cai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thiab kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem, nrog rau lwm yam tsis zoo, suav nrog kev tuag ntawm cov pej xeem. Kev txhaum txhaum cai yog muab rau hauv Art. 251. Nyob rau hauv Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 35, kom meejcov luag num thiab txoj cai ntawm ob tus neeg siv khoom thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug txhais. Nrog rau qhov no, txoj cai lij choj tsim cov kev cai ntawm kev lav phib xaub rau cov neeg siv. Cov kev ua saum toj no txwv tsis pub dov blackouts rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis muaj nuj nqis rau lub tuam txhab muab khoom.

Yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem

Raws li txoj cai, yog tias tus neeg siv khoom muaj nuj nqis, lub tuam txhab muab khoom yuav tsum nrhiav kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg siv. Tshwj xeeb, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb rau kev txwv ib nrab lossis ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv, ua lwm yam kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv dov blackouts. Cov txheej txheem rau ncua kev muab khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv Tsoom Fwv Tsab Cai No 530. Ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai dav dav yog dov hluav taws xob vim muaj xwm txheej ceev. Hauv Lavxias Federation, cov tuam txhab muab khoom sim tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90s thiab thaum ntxov 2000s. dov blackouts tau ua ib ntus vim yog cov nuj nqis loj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tag nrho lwm cov kev txwv tau qhia tsuas yog vim muaj xwm txheej ceev.

Kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg

Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 25, 2000, qhov hluav taws xob dov tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow thiab nws cov cheeb tsam, nrog rau qee qhov chaw nyob ze. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev sib txuas lus kev tsheb ciav hlau raug nres, ntau dua 1,500 tus neeg raug kaw hauv lub elevator, kaum tawm txhiab.cov pej xeem tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub subway. Tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub substation, uas yog ib feem ntawm Moscow lub zog nplhaib. Qhov kev sib tsoo tau tshwm sim rau ntau qhov laj thawj. Ntawm lawv, hnav thiab tsim kua muag ntawm cov khoom siv, huab cua kub, muaj peev xwm cia tsis txaus. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv, kev tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv tsis siv neeg. Nyob rau hauv 2009, lub yim hli ntuj 17, muaj ib tug dov blackout nyob rau hauv Siberia. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej ceev ntawm Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev huam yuaj, muaj neeg raug tsim txom, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Tomsk thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus raug txwv, thiab lub voj voog ntawm kev lag luam raug cuam tshuam. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim hauv lwm lub tebchaws thiab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau Fabkis xyoo 2009, cov khoom ntawm Provence tau nres. Kwv yees li 2 lab tus tib neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev sib tsoo loj ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob loj.

Rolling outage schedule

Nws tau qhia thaum lub tebchaws tsoomfwv tsis kam lossis nrhiav tsis tau txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Lub sij hawm dov blackout yog li qhia hauv Ukraine. Kev xa khoom tau nres ib ntus txij li 9 txog 11 teev sawv ntxov, los ntawm 20 txog 22 teev. Hauv ntau thaj chaw, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg muag khoom tsis ua raws li lub sijhawm no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub sijhawm kaw tau ntev dua li 2 teev. Kev txwv tsis pub noj yog koom tes nrog cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm txhua cheeb tsam. Tom qab ceeb toom qhov kev pabcuam xa tawm, tom qab 10-15 feeb, kev kaw haujlwm tshwm sim. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2014, thawj qhov kev txwv kev xa khoom pib hauv Ukraine. Nws yogKev ua txhaum cai tau ua nyob rau hauv Kharkov, Kremenchug, Kyiv. Xws li kev tswj hwm yog tsim nyog los npog qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom. Txij li thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014, kev txwv tau cuam tshuam rau tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine. Hauv particular, ib tug dov blackout tau ua nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk, Poltava, Cherkasy, Sumy, Chernihiv thiab ntau lwm cheeb tsam. Cov stocks ntawm thermal fais fab nroj tsuag muaj thee tsawg tsawg reserves, thiab kuj muaj tsawg heev hydro resources. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, kev noj ntau ntxiv, thiab cov tuam txhab muab khoom tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev xav tau ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis, kuj nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub tense qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Ukraine, muaj ib ntus dov blackouts nyob rau hauv Crimea. Ua ntej koom nrog Russia, ceg av qab teb tau muab los ntawm Ukrainian tuam txhab. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, cov khoom siv tau txwv.