Gorely Volcano hauv Kamchatka: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Kamchatka, ntawm Gorelinsky Dole, muaj lub roob hluav taws Gorely. Nws yog ib feem ntawm South Kamchatka Park. Nws lub npe thib ob yog Gorelyaya Sopka. Qhov no tshwj xeeb monument nyob 75 km ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

History

Yuav luag plaub caug txhiab xyoo dhau los, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub roob hluav taws tam sim no, muaj lub roob hluav taws zoo li lub roob hluav taws loj loj, uas hu ua Pra-Gorely. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm nws lub hauv paus tau tshaj peb caug kilometers. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhov hnyav, nws qhov ua siab tshaj ib feem tau poob rau lub sijhawm, thiab 10 x 14 km caldera tau tsim. Nws yog framed los ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub roob hluav taws thaum ub, uas yog lub pob zeb me me.

Volcanic eruptions txuas ntxiv los ntawm qab ntawm lub caldera los ntawm cov saw hlau tsim craters. Lawv muab tso rau ib leeg, thiab maj mam loj hlob cones merged. Yog li, ib qho elongated niaj hnub massif tau tsim, uas yog them nrog slag, xuab zeb thiab txheej ntawm solidified lava.

Volcanic eruptions txuas ntxiv tom qab. Cov kws tshawb fawb zaum kawg tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1986. Lub plume ntawm tshauv ces stretched ntawm Gorely mus rau Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky los ntawm Avacha Bay. Nws yog qhov pom txawv txawv heev: ib kem ntawm cov pa taws dub ncab tawm hauv av mus rau hauv nroog.

Hnub no, lub roob hluav taws Gorely (Kamchatka) muaj "lub tsev qub", uas npog thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 650 km. Nws txuas mus rau sab saud ntawm tus dej ntws Paratunka Zhirovaya, Vulkannaya thiab Asacha roob hluav taws.

Kev piav qhia ntawm lub roob hluav taws

Lub roob hluav taws nquag Gorely, nws qhov siab yog 1829 m, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm ceg av qab teb. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ob lub tsev: ib tug ancient shield-shaped qauv, sab saum toj ntawm uas yog crowned nrog ib tug kaum peb-kilometer caldera, thiab ib tug niaj hnub, uas yog ib tug complex stratovolcano.

Lub tsev niaj hnub, 150 sq. km, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caldera. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lavas ntawm balsate thiab andesite-balsate hom. Lub tsev no zoo ib yam li Hawaii hom volcanism, txawm li cas los xij, nws sab saum toj yog ua los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm craters, thiab ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj muaj peb caug cinder cones nrog solidified lava.

Array structure

Lub roob, ntev li peb kilometers, yog tsim los ntawm ib tug saw ntawm kaum ib craters. Tag nrho cov no yog Gorely volcano. Nws lub npe tag nrho qhia txog cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm lub roob hluav taws - Gorely Ridge.

Qhov array no tau tsim los ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm roob hluav taws kub. Qhov dav dav ntawm cov pob zeb no yog tsev rau ntau lub pas dej, cov roj kub kub fumaroles thiab ze li tsib caug cinder cones.

Crater East

Muaj ntau lub qhov tsua zoo li yog cov uas nyob rau yav dhau los,eruptions tshwm sim, niaj hnub no muaj cov kua qaub pas dej. East Crater yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Nws hauv qab ib nrab ib kilometer loj yog nyob ntawm lub pas dej xiav tob. Nws yog surrounded by sheer ob puas-meter pob tsuas. Nws yog ib nrab npog los ntawm cov dej khov ntab.

Ib yam ntawm lub qhov tsua no yog nws lub peev xwm los hloov nws "tus cwj pwm" thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub roob hluav taws. Thaum cov dej hauv lub pas dej tseem xiav, lub ntiaj teb sab hauv yog nyob ntsiag to. Thaum lub roob hluav taws los rau hauv lub xeev ua ntej, lub pas dej "boils tam sim ntawd", hloov nws cov duab thiab xim.

Crater Active

Gorely Volcano muaj lwm qhov zoo nkauj heev. Nws hu ua Active. Nws hauv qab yog ntim nrog lub pas dej acidic ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv nplua nuj xim, thiab nws cov ntug dej ntws nrog fumaroles. Qhov no crater muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug funnel, txoj kab uas hla yog 250 meters. Qhov tob ntawm qhov crater yog 200 meters.

Kev nqis los rau hauv nws yog qhov txaus ntshai, vim tias nws cov phab ntsa tawg, thiab huab cua yog saturated nrog sulfurous lom gases.

Crater Western

Lub hauv qab ntawm lub qhov tsua no yog npog los ntawm cov dej khov uas ua rau muaj dej ntws. Nws ntws mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm caldera, tsim ob peb lub pas dej me me.

Lub tog raj kheej

Lub pob zeb no nrog lub npe txawv txawv kuj nthuav. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb txoj kab nqes ntawm lub roob hluav taws thiab muaj qhov sib npaug tsis tu ncua. Nws txoj kab uas hla mus txog 40 m.

Crater zes

Ntawm no yog tag nrho "tsev neeg". Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub crater ancient muaj ob tug hluas: lub nqaim crater Shchel, uas tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm nws elongated zoo, thiab sib sib zog nqus.

Nkauj kho siabBurgundy lavas, tawg caldera hauv qab npog nrog dub volcanic xuab zeb - Gorely volcano tsim lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug txaus ntshai, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuj ceeb tias zoo nkauj qhov chaw nrog nws cov qauv.

Plateau

Lub toj siab ntawm lub roob hluav taws zoo li tsis tshua muaj kev txaus siab. Nws yog xyaum devoid ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qhov tshwj xeeb tsuas yog cov nyom tundra tsawg. Ntawm no, cov lava qub ntws los rau saum npoo, xim liab, uas tau tawg nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm.

Daim duab no ua rau ntau tus neeg ncig tebchaws xav txog Mars tsis meej. Zoo li qhov no tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb.

Caves

Ntau tshaj li ob txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov kua lava ntws zoo heev, tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo, tsim pob zeb thoob plaws teb uas nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub roob hluav taws. Cov txheej sab sauv ntawm lava muaj sij hawm los ua kom khov thaum lub sij hawm ntws, thaum cov sab hauv txuas ntxiv mus.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntuj tsim, lub qhov tsua lava ntawm Gorely volcano paub niaj hnub no tau tsim. Lub lis piam ncig saib yog npaj los ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, yog li txhua tus tuaj yeem pom cov qauv tshwj xeeb no.

Muaj kaum plaub qhov tsua nyob ze ntawm lub roob hluav taws Gorely. Lawv muaj cov dej khov "pem teb" thiab domed vaults. Lawv qhov ntev yog li ntawm kaum rau rau ib puas thiab plaub caug meters. Tsuas yog rau ntawm lawv tam sim no muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Eruptions

Lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los thiab ib nrabGorely volcano erupted xwb xya zaug. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsuas yog tsis muaj zog eruptions raug kaw, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tso tawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm gases, xuab zeb thiab tshauv. Cov haujlwm kawg yog thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2010. Nws provoked ib tug poob nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm cov pas dej, av vibrations thiab vapor emissions. Lawv pom txawm nyob rau hauv Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Yuav luag txhua nees nkaum xyoo, Gorely qhia txog nws lub zog thiab lub zog zoo kawg nkaus, ua rau cov lava kub hnyiab ntws mus rau saum npoo, uas ncav cuag qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj kaum kilometers. Thiab txawm tias lub sijhawm nyob ntsiag to ntawm qhov kev loj hlob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm fumarole heev.

Climbing Gorely Volcano

Ib hnub mus rau lub roob hluav taws Gorely yog ib qho yooj yim tab sis tsis muaj kev lom zem nyob rau hnub so. Nws yuav muab ntau qhov kev xav thiab cov duab zoo heev. Kev taug kev los ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky yog tsim los rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi txhua hnub. Txawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg muaj lub cev sib txawv tuaj yeem koom nrog.

Koj tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej nce toj thiab kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb kom nce. Los ntawm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem nce lub roob hluav taws Gorely ntawm koj tus kheej. Los ntawm Petropavlovsk los ntawm tsheb koj tuaj yeem mus rau Gorely volcano caldera (txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli).

ncig saib yuav siv sijhawm ib hnub. Lub ascent nws tus kheej, nrog rau qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, yuav siv sijhawm txog rau teev. Txoj kev mus rau caldera yuav siv sij hawm 3 mus rau 4 teev. Nws nyob ntawm qhov muaj daus thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev taug.

Nyob rau hauv huab cua ntshiab, los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub roob hluav taws Gorely, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem tuaj yeemNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pom ob peb lub roob hluav taws uas ploj lawm thiab nquag: Mutnovsky, Zhirovsky, Asacha, Vilyuchinsky, Opala, nyob rau sab qab teb - Priyomysh, Khodutka, Ilyinsky, Zheltovsky nyob rau sab qaum teb - Arik, Aag, Avachinsky, Koryaksky, ces - ib pab pawg ntawm Zhupanovsky Dzhupanovsky., Tolmachevsky Dol volcanoes.

Tourist Tips

1. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj mus ncig rau lub roob hluav taws Gorely, saib xyuas ntoo ua ntej. Koj yuav nrhiav tsis tau lawv hauv zos. Koj tuaj yeem hloov tau ntoo nrog lub qhov cub roj.
2. Ceev faj thaum xaiv lub tsev pheeb suab - nws yuav tsum ruaj khov. Cov cua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub roob hluav taws muaj zog heev.
3. Xwm nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog ib qho yooj yim heev, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev txaus siab rau cov paj hauv zos, thaij duab, tab sis tsis txhob plam lawv, thiab ob peb cov nyom nrog nyom yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ua hluav taws.