Lub tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam: txhais, kev lag luam thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Peb txhua tus tau siv sijhawm ntev los siv cov ntsiab lus xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam thiab kev pabcuam. Tab sis vim li cas peb xav txog lawv hauv peb tsab xov xwm? Qhov no yog li cas tus qauv peb-sector zoo li yooj yim. Nws tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1935-1949. Lub tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam tsuas yog suav nrog peb txhais li cas los ntawm kev pabcuam. Nyob ntawm seb qhov twg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg.

Hnub no, ntxiv rau cov thawj, theem nrab thiab qib theem uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm Fisher, Clark thiab Fourastier, Quaternary kuj suav tias yog - cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov theem niaj hnub no, lub npe hu ua kev paub kev lag luam.

Txoj kev xav

Txoj kev xav ntawm cov haujlwm, lossis kev hloov pauv, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930 thiab 1940 los ntawm Alan Fisher, Colin Clark thiab Jean Fourastier. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau faib kev lag luam rau hauv peb txoj haujlwm ntawm kev sivKev Ua Si:

• Pib. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev rho tawm cov khoom siv raw. Nws suav nrog kev ua liaj ua teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj sector yog qee hom kev lag luam. Ntawm lawv yog nuv ntses, mining thiab hav zoov.
• Secondary suav nrog tag nrho lwm yam kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho.
• Tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm kev lag luam yog kev pabcuam, kev kawm thiab kev lag luam ncig tebchaws.

Raws li Fisher-Clarke txoj kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv, nrog rau kev txhim kho hauv zej zog muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsom xam los ntawm thawj qhov chaw mus rau theem nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qib tertiary. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov no yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Nrog rau kev nce hauv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ib tus neeg, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom ua liaj ua teb txo qis, rau cov khoom lag luam nws thawj zaug nce thiab tom qab ntawd pib poob, tab sis rau cov kev pabcuam nws nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev lag luam tertiary yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov teb chaws nplua nuj.

Clark tau txheeb xyuas peb theem hauv kev txhim kho cov xeev. Thawj yog ua liaj ua teb. Nrog nws, productivity loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug qeeb pace. Qhov thib ob yog kev lag luam. Nws yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm theem nrab sector thiab nws qhov siab tshaj plaws kev loj hlob. Qhov thib peb theem yog nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pabcuam. Nws yog nrog nws tias Fourastier txuas nrog kev npau suav ntawm lub paj tshiab ntawm kev kawm thiab kab lis kev cai, tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kov yeej kev txom nyem.

Cov kev lag luam twg suav nrog hauv tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam?

Nws suav nrog cov haujlwm uas tib neeg siv lawv txoj kev paub raulos txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau, efficiency, muaj peev xwm thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev lag luam uas tsim los ntawm tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam tsis muab cov khoom tiav, tab sis muab kev pabcuam. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom tsis yog khoom. Lub tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam siv los suav nrog kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tam sim no tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm raug txiav txim siab cais. Qhov no yog vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev paub txog kev lag luam. Nws yog ib theem tshiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej tom qab kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no feem ntau yog los ntawm quaternary sector.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus kws tshawb fawb tsis xav tias nws tsim nyog los ua kom txhua yam nyuaj thiab siv tus qauv Fisher-Clark tus qauv. Lub tertiary sector suav nrog kev muab kev pabcuam tsis yog rau cov lag luam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev thauj khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas kab tsuag lossis lub koom haum ntawm kev ua si lom zem. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muab kev pabcuam, feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom, xws li kev lag luam hauv tsev noj mov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tseem yog kev cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg thiab pab lawv.

nyuaj rau kev txhais

Qee lub sij hawm nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab seb qhov twg theem nrab xaus thiab qib theem ntawm kev lag luam pib. Qee lub sij hawm tom kawg kuj suav nrog tub ceev xwm, tub rog, tsoomfwv nws tus kheej, cov koom haum pab dawb. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kev faib tshwj xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb cov khoom puas yog qhov pom tseeb lossis tsis. Ib ntawmcov tshuab no yog International Standard Industrial Classification tsim los ntawm UN.

Theory of Progress

Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, kev lag luam qib siab ntawm kev lag luam tau maj mam dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv lub ntiaj teb tsim. Lawv tau dhau los ua kev lag luam tom qab. Cov thawj thiab theem nrab sectors tau poob tag nrho lawv txoj haujlwm. Fourastier tau txheeb xyuas peb theem hauv kev txhim kho cov teb chaws. Hauv lub neej ua ntej kev lag luam, 70% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thawj qhov chaw, 20% nyob rau theem nrab, thiab 10% hauv tertiary. Tom qab ntawd los txog theem ob. Fourasterier hu ua nws industrial.

Nyob rau theem no, kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv thawj sector, 40% nyob rau hauv lub thib ob sector, thiab 20% nyob rau hauv lub tertiary sector. Nws yog txuam nrog sib sib zog nqus automation ntawm ntau lawm. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tertiary sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Hauv cov zej zog tom qab kev lag luam, 70% ntawm cov pej xeem muaj kev lag luam yog ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws, thaum thawj zaug - tsuas yog 10%, nyob rau theem nrab - 20%. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub paub txog ob theem ntxiv ntawm kev txhim kho cuam tshuam nrog kev faib tawm ntawm Quaternary thiab Tsib sectors.

Hnub no, cov kev pabcuam hauv lub tebchaws tau tsim kho ntau tshaj plaws. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nws feem ntau khwv tau ntau dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Maj mam hloov qhov kev tsom xam los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam tawm mus rau kev lag luam, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau kev pabcuam kev lag luam yog qhov zoo rau txhua qhov kev lag luam. Lub tebchaws United Kingdom yog thawj zaug koom nrog qhov kev sib tw no. Tus nqi ntawm cov teb chaws dhau los ua kev lag luam tom qab lub sijhawm tsuas yognce. Lub ntiaj teb no hloov pauv sai dua ob peb xyoos dhau los hauv ib puas.

Teeb meem ntawm tertiary sector ntawm kev lag luam

Cov tuam txhab uas muab kev pabcuam feem ntau ntsib teeb meem uas tsis paub txog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Dab tsi yog tertiary sector? Qhov no feem ntau tsis yog khoom siv. Thiab cov neeg siv khoom muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj nkag siab tias lawv yuav tau txais dab tsi thiab tus nqi yuav yog dab tsi. Ntau lub tuam txhab uas muab kev pab tswv yim tsis muab kev lees paub ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm zoo, tab sis yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau nws. Txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab kev paub ntawm tib neeg.

Cov nqi them ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog kev pabcuam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov nqi. Thiab ntawm no cov tuam txhab ntawm tertiary sector tsis zoo li yuav txuag tau. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev ua kom yooj yim, kev lag luam ntawm cov nplai kom txo tau cov nqi. Tab sis lub tuam txhab uas muab kev pabcuam raug yuam kom nce nqi txhawm rau txhim kho lawv qhov zoo. Lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Yuav xaiv li cas ntawm cov tuam txhab kev sab laj? Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, zoo li lawv muab cov kev pab zoo tib yam. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cov tuam txhab muaj koob npe nrov tshaj plaws uas yog lub npe nrov thiab tsim nyog tau txais kev lees paub feem ntau tuaj yeem nce tus nqi.

Examples

Nws yooj yim dua kom nkag siab tias qhov no yog dab tsi yog tias peb xav txog qhov kev lag luam twg yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam tertiary. Ntawm lawv:

• Kev lom zem.
• tsoom fwv.
• Telecommunications.
• tsev so thiab tsev noj movbusiness
• Tourism.
• Media.
• He althcare.
• Information technology.
• pov tseg pov tseg.
• Kawm.
• Kev twv txiaj.
• Khw muag khoom thiab lag luam wholesale.
• Franchising.
• Kev hloov pauv vaj tse.
• Kev kawm thiab ntau ntxiv

Cov kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag suav nrog kev ua lag luam, kev tuav pov hwm thiab kev tswj hwm kev nqis peev. Professional - accounting, kev cai lij choj thiab kev pabcuam kev lag luam.

Daim ntawv teev cov xeev los ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev pabcuam

Kev kwv yees qhov loj ntawm qhov kev lag luam tertiary tso cai rau koj pom cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg. Xav txog ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm lub tebchaws los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm lawv cov kev pabcuam rau cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws. Tebchaws Meskas los ua ntej. Hauv 2015, tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam tau muab rau 14.083 trillion US dollars. Yog li, Tebchaws Asmeskas yog lub xeev uas muaj kev txhim kho qib siab tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog European Union. Xyoo 2015, cov teb chaws suav nrog, ua ke muab kev pabcuam muaj nqis 13.483 trillion US las. Tuam Tshoj yog nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw. Tus nqi ntawm nws cov tertiary sector hauv 2015 yog $ 5.202 trillion. Ntawm plaub - Nyiv. Kev koom tes ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam rau lub tebchaws GDP hauv xyoo 2015 muaj txog 3.078 trillion las. Ntawm tsib - Brazil. Nws muab kev pabcuam hauv tus nqi ntawm 1.340 trillion hauv xyoo 2015.

In RF

Lub tertiary sector ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam nyob rau hauv 2015 yog lub thib kaum tsib loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws cov nyiaj pab rau lub teb chaws GDP yog 720billion nyiaj US. Nws ua haujlwm 58.1% ntawm cov pej xeem muaj kev lag luam. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub teb chaws tseem tsis tau muaj kev lag luam tom qab.

9% ntawm cov pejxeem ua haujlwm ua liaj ua teb, 32.9% hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, tertiary sector yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Russia tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws. Kwv yees li 58.6% ntawm GDP yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Kev koom tes ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb rau tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws Russia yog 3.9%, kev lag luam - 37.5%.

Kev paub kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv quaternary sector ntawm kev lag luam, qee tus kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no nyiam ua haujlwm ib leeg rau kev tsim, txais thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, kev sab laj, kev kawm, kev npaj nyiaj txiag, blogging, tsim.