Commandant's airfield: qhov chaw, piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1910, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Wings club tau tso lub tshav dav hlau rau ntawm Commandant's field. Nws yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog thawj tus pej xeem Lavxias vim qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim nws tsuas yog rau cov pej xeem thiab cov koom haum xwb.

Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm lub tshav dav hlau: qhov chaw, piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

Qhov chaw nyob tshiab ntawm St. Petersburg yog qhov tob hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. Nws pib nws keeb kwm txij li lub sijhawm Peter the Great.

Npe keeb kwm

Los ntawm Peter I, cov thawj coj ntawm Petus thiab Paul Fortress pib txais cov av nyob rau hauv cov chaw no. Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw pib hu ua "Komendantskaya Dacha". Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov mus rau "Commandant's field."

Ntau lub sijhawm ntev thaj chaw no tau muaj npe tias yog lub tsev pheeb suab tom qab lub caij ntuj sov. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nws yog ib tug sparsely populated av. Ntawm daim duab qhia hnub xyoo 1831, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm lub teb yog cim nrog cov zaub thiab cov hav zoov. Tib lub tsev yog Komendantskaya dacha, uas cov tswv, nrog rau cov av uas nyob ib sab, xauj tawm.

Qhov chawPushkin's duels

Tus thawj tswj hwm tus dacha nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Russia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev sib tw ntawm Pushkin thiab Dantes tau tshwm sim ntawm no xyoo 1837. Ob tus neeg koom hauv qhov kev nyuaj siab no tau paub thaj chaw no zoo. Yog li, Pushkin, nyob rau hauv cov av uas nyob ib sab mus rau Commandant's Field, nyob rau hauv lub Black River, xauj ib dacha rau ob lub caij ntuj sov. Dantes, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nrog nws cov tub rog nyob hauv Lub Zos Tshiab, kuj nyob ze. Ob leeg duelists paub tias thaum lub caij ntuj no yuav tsis muaj cov neeg sab nraud nyob rau hauv cov chaw deb, uas yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm kev xaiv qhov chaw ntawm duel.

Hnub yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab aviation

Tus thawj tub ceev xwm teb hauv keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Russia yog qhov chaw yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab aviation. Lub Imperial All-Lavxias teb sab Club, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1908, pib siv thaj av ntawm lub teb txij li thaum 1910, thaum thawj lub limtiam Lavxias teb sab aviation tau tuav ntawm no. Rau lub sijhawm luv luv, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, fenced tawm, hangars, stands, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob ze ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm lub tshav dav hlau, cov tuam tsev ntiav dav hlau tau tsim. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig thiab nationalization, lawv tau los ua Krasny Pilot cog.

Txawm li cas los xij, thawj hnub so aviation tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau nto moo. 1910-24-09, Lev Matsievich poob tawm ntawm lub cockpit ntawm lub dav hlau, raws li nws tsis hnav lub rooj zaum. Nws raug faus nrog kev hwm zoo. Lub nroog xovxwm hu nws thawj tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Lavxias teb sab aviation. Ib daim phiaj nco tau raug tsa rau ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, tau teeb tsa nrog cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm pej xeem. Lub cim nco txog obelisk ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Matsievich txoj kev tuag tau khaws cia rau peb hnub.sij hawm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem vaj ntawm Aerodromnaya Street ntawm Komendantsky Aerodrome municipal koog tsev kawm ntawv.

thawj kauj ruam ntawm Lavxias teb sab aviation

Txawm hais tias tsis ua tiav thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm tau txuas ntxiv mus koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm Lavxias aviation. Yog li thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1910, thawj lub davhlau rau Gatchina tau tsim los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv 1911, aviators ua thawj lub dav hlau mus rau Moscow. Tom qab ntawd, kev xa ntawv huab cua tsis tu ncua tau nqa tawm los ntawm qhov no, los ntawm kev xa ntawv xa mus rau Moscow.

Tus thawj tub rog lub tshav dav hlau kuj yog ib lub chaw cob qhia tsav dav hlau. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1912, lub tsev kawm ntawv aviation ntawm All-Lavxias ya davhlau tau qhib rau nws thaj chaw. Nws kuj yog qhov chaw sim rau cov dav hlau sib sau ua ke hauv tsev, uas tau tsim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom ntiag tug.

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, lub tshav dav hlau Commandant tau siv los ua tub rog dav hlau.

Nws thaj chaw, oddly txaus, tau siv tsis yog rau kev txaus siab ntawm aviation. Yog li, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1913, cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb, tsheb laij teb thiab cov plows loj tau sim rau ntawm nws.

History of the Soviet lub sij hawm

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig xyoo 1917, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Dav Hlau txuas ntxiv siv rau nws lub hom phiaj. Ntawm no, Lavxias teb sab designers Ya. M. Gakkel, I. I. Sikorsky thiab lwm tus neeg sim lawv cov khoom, Rhiav tau nruab nyob ze, qhov chaw lawv sib sau ua ke thiab sim aircraft ntawm txawv teb chaws hloov. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tau nqa tawmkev sim thiab cov dav hlau hauv tsev, uas tau tsim nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag Lavxias-B altic. Namely: Legends - "Lavxias teb sab Knight" thiab "Ilya Muromets". Tus tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws S. V. Ilyushin pib nws txoj kev taug kev los ntawm Commandant Airfield. Nws thawj zaug ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tus tsav dav hlau.

Xyoo 1921, lub tshav dav hlau tau ua haujlwm ua lub platform uas cov dav hlau tau tawm mus los tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv Kronstadt. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1920, ib pab tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau nyob ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tub rog-theoretical ntawm Red Army Air Force tau tsim tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 30s mus rau 50s, lub tshav dav hlau tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev sim ntawm USSR Air Force. Yog li, nyob rau xyoo 1930, tus tsim qauv dav hlau N. Polikarpov tau ua qhov kev sim dav hlau ntawm "Kuv" series ntawm Commandant airfield.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tshav dav hlau, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm chav kuaj roj-dynamic tau sim thawj cov cuaj luaj Soviet. Xyoo 1931, Zeppelin airship tau tsaws nruab nrab, ya mus rau North Ncej.

Lub sijhawm ua tsov rog thiab lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog

Cov dej num tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau daws los ntawm Commandant airfield thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub siege ntawm Leningrad. Nws nyob ntawm no tias Il-2 thiab Douglas thauj dav hlau tsaws, uas xa zaub mov mus rau lub nroog uas raug kaw. Lawv kuj tau coj Leningraders mus rau thaj av loj. Lub tshav dav hlau kuj tau ua lub hauv paus rau aviation units.

Tom qab tsov rog kawg, mus txog rau xyoo 1959, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm lub tshav dav hlau yog lub hauv paus ntawm Len VO thauj aviation. Cov kev pabcuam thiab kev kawm rau lawv kuj nyob ntawm no. A. F. Mozhaisky thiabTub rog Academy ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Lus. Txij li thaum xyoo 1963, tsis tau ya davhlau los ntawm Commandant airfield.

keeb kwm niaj hnub

Nyob rau xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm lub tshav dav hlau yog ib thaj chaw loj, uas tau nyob hauv cov tsev khaws khoom thiab ntau lub tsev rau tsev neeg. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tau tso tseg thiab tau ploj mus, cov qauv tawg. Qhov chaw khoob tau dhau los ua swampy, overgrown nrog reeds thiab shrubs.

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, thaj chaw pib ua kom muaj zog. Thawj cov tsev nyob tau raug tso tawm hauv xyoo 1973. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kheej cov haujlwm tsuas yog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov tsev qiv nyiaj. Lub network tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev tshiab yog qhov hu ua lub tsev-nkoj. Lawv saib hwm tsuas yog rau qee lub sijhawm tom qab ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd lawv cov facades, feem ntau yog them nrog cov xim uas tsis resistant rau Leningrad huab cua, poob rau hauv lub xeev deplorable, tev tawm thiab tev tawm. Vim li no, thaj chaw ntawm cov tsev tshiab tau pib zoo li thaj chaw slum.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho nquag ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm Commandant airfield ua rau nws muaj peev xwm daws tau qee yam hauv xyoo 70s qhov teeb meem ceev ntawm kev hloov chaw nyob hauv zej zog thiab muab cov tsev neeg Soviet nrog cov tsev sib cais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv faded rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Thaj chaw ntawm Commandant airfield tau muab qhov tshiab saib los ntawm ntau lub tsev siab siab uas tau pib ua tom qab. Cov skyscrapers no yuav tsum tau tsim rov qab rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet. Tom qab ntawd tsuas yog ib lub skyscraper tau tsim, 70 meters ntawm Lengydroproekt. Nws yogyog thawj lub tsev siab nyob hauv cheeb tsam Primorsky.

Qhov kev tsim kho uas tau cheb St. Petersburg thaum lig 20th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 21st kuj tuaj rau lub tshav dav hlau Komendantsky. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv nws tau tsim nrog cov tsev nyob niaj hnub. Kuj tseem muaj qhov chaw rau ntau lub khw thiab chaw lom zem.

Lub tshav dav hlau commandant tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw xis nyob thiab muaj koob npe ntawm St. Petersburg.

Cheeb Tsam Nroog

Tam sim no, Commandant's airfield is a municipal entity. Muaj nyob rau hauv Primorsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau 2018, cov pejxeem yog 90,658 tus neeg. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, lub tshav dav hlau Komendantsky txuas nrog Dolgoye Lake. Nyob rau sab qab teb nws ciam teb rau ntawm Dub Dej. Nyob rau sab qaum teb yog nyob MO Kolomyagi. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Komendantsky airfield yog nyob ib sab ntawm Vyborgsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg.

Xyoo 1982, Pioneerskaya metro chaw nres tsheb tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw no. Txog tam sim no, "Leningrad North-Western Cog" tau ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw Moscow.

Nco txog kev ua zoo dhau los

Txawm li cas los xij, kev nco txog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov chaw no tau tshwm sim hauv cov npe. Cheeb Tsam Komendantsky airfield - keeb kwm koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Lub nroog muaj Aerodromnaya thiab Parashutnaya txoj kev, Aviaconstructors thiab Testers venues, Matsievich thiab Sikorsky squares, Polikarpov thiab Kotelnikov alleys. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv tus lej 66 hauv cheeb tsam Komendantsky municipallub tshav dav hlau tau tsim thiab lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Icarus tab tom ua haujlwm, uas muaj kev nthuav tawm uas qhia txog keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov chaw no.

Nyob rau hauv nco txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet aviation nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 2018 nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si muaj npe tom qab. General Seleznev solemnly qhib lub monument "Rau thawj pilots ntawm Russia, heroic aviators ntawm lub Commandant airfield." Lub monument zoo li ob lub dav hlau U-2 "pob txha" tawm. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov cim keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab aviation, cov duab zoo nkauj tau txais hauv nco txog ntawm Commandant airfield.