thawj lub dav hlau tsim tawm, tsim los ntawm Kamov Design Bureau, coj mus rau saum ntuj thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1953, tab sis keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub dav hlau legendary nyob rau hauv Ka hom pib ntau dhau los.
Red Engineer
Nikolai Ilyich Kamov, tau txais kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev lag luam (kawm tiav nrog ib qho khoom plig) thiab ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Tomsk Technological Institute, tau txais kev txawj ntse ntawm Junkers concession cog (Moscow) thiab Dobrolet central aircraft rhiav. Mob siab rau aviation, ib tug tub hluas hnub nyoog 25 xyoo tau pom thiab caw tuaj rau nws lub chaw ua haujlwm sim tsim qauv rau kev tsim cov dav hlau dav hlau los ntawm D. P. Grigorovich. Nws nyob ntawm no uas Kamov tau los ua kev txaus siab rau gyroplanes - teb-tis dav hlau. Thiab los ntawm 1929, nrog kev koom tes nrog N. Skrzhinsky, thawj Soviet tshuab ntawm hom no, Red Engineer (KASKR-1), tau tsim thiab tsim.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Nikolai Ilyich coj ib tug tsim pab pawg ntawm TsAGI (Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute). Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Air Force ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas koom pheej nyob rau hauvKev coj noj coj ua thiab kev koom tes ncaj qha ntawm Kamov tau tsim ob lub rooj zaum gyroplane A-7. Cov dav hlau no tsis yog siv rau kev ua tub rog kev txawj ntse nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Txij li thaum xyoo 1940, Kamov tau ua thawj lub dav hlau dav hlau tsim chaw ua haujlwm hauv USSR, uas, ob peb xyoos tom qab, tau raug hu ua nws.
From "Nqaij qaib" rau "Killer Whale"
Txhua lub nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm Kamov Design Bureau yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev vibration thiab zoo heev aerobatic zoo. Txawm tias kaj ntug ntawm kev lag luam nyoob hoom qav taub hauv tsev, Nikolai Ilyich yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib leeg-rotor thiab longitudinal twin-rotor nyoob hoom qav taub tsim, nyiam cov cav tov nrog coaxial kev npaj ntawm rotor hniav. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas tsis tuaj yeem lees paub ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li no, nws tau taw qhia:
- aerodynamic symmetry;
- kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tswj hwm channel;
- kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev tawm mus thiab tsaws thiab kev tawm mus;
- sib piv yooj yim thiab nkag tau ntawm kev cob qhia kev tsav tsheb.
Kamov cov neeg tsim nyoob hoom qav taub tau ua pov thawj rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tias kev ntseeg siab thiab zoo ntawm txhua tus qauv ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm thawj Ka-15 (" qaib " raws li NATO kev faib tawm) mus rau niaj hnub Ka-62 ("Kasatka). ") thiab Ka-226T ("Hooligan") tsis yog qis dua rau cov analogues txawv teb chaws. Cov dav hlau no tuav ntau tshaj nees nkaum lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Thawj thawj zaug nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm domestic civil aviation nyob rau hauv 1994, Lavxias teb sab Ka-32 rotorcraft tau txais ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm validity raws li cov qauv. United States Aviation Regulations.
Yog tsis muaj exaggeration, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub tuam txhab Kamov muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv pej xeem, tshwj xeeb thiab tub rog nyoob hoom qav taub.
Helicopter Ka-226T. Creation keeb kwm
Raws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam, ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb thauj neeg caij nyoob hoom qav taub hauv lub tebchaws yog nqa los ntawm cov tsheb sib tw. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau hauv ntu no yog ntau dua 600 units. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tuam txhab "Kamov" tau pib tsim lub nyoob hoom qav taub tshiab, ua ke hauv nws cov qauv tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv dhau los Ka-26 thiab Ka-126. Tab sis, tsis zoo li lawv, nruab nrog ob chav fais fab uas muab qib tsim nyog ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Thawj qhov kev sim davhlau ntawm Ka-226 lub nyoob hoom qav taub tshiab tau tshwm sim thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1994. Serial zus tau tej cov qauv no yog tsim los ntawm Kumertau Aviation Production Enterprise (Bashkortostan) thiab NPO Strela (Orenburg). Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntxiv thiab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom, kev hloov kho ntawm Ka-226T tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv 2015, tus qauv tshiab tau dhau qhov yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj thiab muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Ka-226T nyoob hoom qav taub yog cov tub ceev xwm thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm: Ministry of Emergency Situations, cov thawj coj ntawm lub peev, RAO UES, Gazprom. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev lis kev cai hauv Xeev, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Ciam Teb Kev Pabcuam thiab lwm lub koom haum tau nthuav tawm kev txaus siab loj.
Tsim nta
Cov xwm txheej txheej txheem rau Ka-226T, nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, yuav tsum ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw siab mus txog qhov siab, hauv huab cua kub thiab av noo, saum hiav txwv nto yam tsis muaj kev txo qis hauv davhlau thiab kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm kev hloov kho yooj yim yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Hloov cov roj turbine xyaw Allison 250 (Rolls-Royce), Ka-226T yog nruab nrog muaj zog dua GTE Arrius 2G1 nrog rau kev tswj hluav taws xob, Fabkis lub tuam txhab Turbomeca, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev thauj khoom hnyav thiab kev them nyiaj ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub.. Lub qab nthab ua haujlwm tau nce mus rau 7.5 km, thiab qhov ceev - txog 250 km / h. Qhov siab tshaj plaws takeoff hnyav ntawm lub tshuab yog 3.6 tons, lub payload mass yog 1.45 tons, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib qhov project tab tom tsim kom nquag plias los hloov cov fais fab nroj tsuag nrog Lavxias teb sab sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg JSC "ODK-Klimov", lub domestic turboshaft engine ntawm lub 5th tiam VK-800V yog raug kuaj. Seb nws yuav muaj peev xwm txaus sib tw technically thiab kev lag luam nrog Fabkis tus khub, lub sijhawm yuav qhia.
Cov ntaub ntawv polymer sib xyaw tshiab (PCM lossis cov khoom sib xyaw) yog siv rau hauv kev tsim ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus los, cov khoom siv hauv qab, lub tshuab kiv cua. Daim duab ntawm Ka-226T ntau lub hom phiaj nyoob hoom qav taub hais txog kev tsim qauv niaj hnub ntawm nws sab nrauv.
Main parameters
Cov yam ntxwv sib piv ntawm Lavxias teb sab nyoob hoom qav taub Ka-226T thiab Ka-226qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj (raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Helicopters tuav).
| Aircraft | Ka-226 | Ka-226T |
| Main rotor (inch, m) | 13 | 13 |
| Length (m) | 8, 1 | 8, 1 |
| siab (m) | 4, 185 | 4, 185 |
| Nyob qhov hnyav (kwv yees, kg) | 3100 | 3200 |
| Nyob qhov hnyav (reloading, nrog rau sab nraud sling, kg) | 3400 | 3800 |
| Max payload (kg) | 1200 | 1500 |
| Power Plants | Allison M-250 | Arrius 2G1 |
| Max zog (hp) | 2450 | 2580 |
| Tswj lub cav thauj khoom (kg / hp) | 3,8 | 2, 75 |
| Speed (cruising / siab tshaj, km / h) | 195/210 | 220/250 |
| Ceiling (static/dynamic, km) | 2, 6/4, 2 | 4, 1/5, 7 |
| Ntau tshaj (km) | 520 | 520 |
| Suspended cabin dimensions (LWH/Volume, m3) | 2, 351, 541, 4/5, 4 | |
| Tus nqi (lab rub tawm) | 175 | 245 |
Cov neeg caij nyoob hoom qav taub yog 1-2 tus neeg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb nqa, nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, nce mus txog 9.manufacturers, lub tshuab tsis xav tau hangar cia. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ka-226T ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav lub nyoob hoom qav taub hauv cov nroog loj los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov loj me: lub fuselage thiab empennage tsis protrude tshaj qhov chaw swept los ntawm rotor hniav. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub tshuab yog los ntawm -50˚С txog +55˚С (ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txheeb ze av). Hauv daim duab, lub nyoob hoom qav taub Ka-226T qhia tau hais tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ya davhlau hauv qhov nyuaj ntawm cov toj siab.
System thiab khoom siv
Kev ntsuas thiab kev siv dav hlau thiab cov cuab yeej siv ntawm lub dav hlau tau dhau los ua kom zoo dua qub. Qhov tshiab tshaj plaws avionics complex Ka-226T tso cai rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau los txiav txim siab lub davhlau tsis thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab raws li kev nyeem ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub nkoj hauv cov xwm txheej tsis txaus thiab tsis pom kev. Qhov loj iav cheeb tsam ntawm lub cab canopy guarantees ib qho zoo heev saib ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud. Tus tsav lub rooj zaum yog nruab nrog lub rooj zaum xis ntawm lub zog-absorbing tsim (tsim los ntawm NPO Zvezda npe tom qab GI Severin (Tomilino nroog, Moscow cheeb tsam), paub txog nws txoj kev txhim kho hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej rau qhov siab thiab qhov chaw ya davhlau). Qhov chaw ntawm lub dashboard, levers thiab tswj vaj huam sib luag ntawm Ka-226T (daim duab hauv qab no) yog qhov txawv ntawm ergonomics xav txog qhov me tshaj plaws.
Cov khoom tsis-retractable tsaws ntawm lub dav hlau yog ua los ntawm plaub-kem nrog nce zog nqus ntawm cov nqi qis thiab hydraulic nreslub ntsiab chassis system. Lub kiv cua yog nruab nrog electrothermal, thiab lub qhov rais cockpit yog nruab nrog cua-thermal anti-icing systems.
Fais fab mov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob yog muab los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha 27 V, hloov hluav taws xob 200 V, 115 V thiab 36 V (ntau zaus 400 Hz). Modernized KAU-165M ua ke units yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov helicopter tswj raws.
Txoj kev hloov kho
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, uas tsim nyog tau hais hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm Ka-226T nyoob hoom qav taub, yog qhov muaj peev xwm thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv tsim. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom ntawm JSC "Kamov" muaj ntau yam kev siv. Ib lub tshuab muaj peev xwm daws tau ntau yam haujlwm. Nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg tshaj li ib nrab teev los rov nruab thiab npaj lub nyoob hoom qav taub txoj cai ntawm qhov chaw tawm mus rau lub luag haujlwm sib xws. Ua li no, nws txaus los hloov ib qho module nrog lwm tus.
Ib hom kev cawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim rau cov chav nyob ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situations. Lub winch nrog lub peev xwm nqa txog li 300 kg, nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, yog ntsia rau ntawm lub nkoj. Qhov tseeb siab ntawm qhov zoo li qub hovering ntawm lub rotorcraft lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm lub nkoj nyoob hoom qav taub. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub module yog lub thawv dav nrog cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev. Lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub suab nrov tshaj tawm thiab tuaj yeem nqa mus txog 9 tus neeg.
Lub nyoob hoom qav taub muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob: kev tshem tawm kev huv thiab rov ua kom rov zoo. Ua ntej, tshwj tsis yog rau lub tog raj kheej cov pa oxygen thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam,muaj peev xwm nqa tau ob tug neeg raug mob los ntawm lub nkoj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine, thiab cov rooj zaum reclining yog muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub Ka-226T (Flying Resuscitation) qhia hauv daim duab tso cai rau ob tus kws kho mob muab kev pab tsim nyog rau ib tus neeg mob ncaj qha thaum lub davhlau.
Tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm, hluav taws kub thiab cov neeg caij tsheb yog xav tau los ntawm lub xeev thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Tseem muaj lub platform rau thauj cov khoom loj.
Tshwj xeeb rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Gazprom, kev hloov kho ntawm Ka-226TG tau tsim los ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm Far North. A series ntawm Ka-226TM deck-based tsheb (nrog folding rotor hniav thiab ntxiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion) rau cov ntug dej hiav txwv guard units ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Lavxias Federation kuj tau tso tawm.
Kev tsim khoom thiab xa tawm
Kev tsim khoom ntawm Kamov rotorcraft tshiab tau txiav txim siab tsim tawm ntawm KumAPP hauv Bashkortostan, thiab txij li xyoo 2015, serial ntau lawm ntawm tus qauv tau tsim tawm ntawm no. Cov kws tshaj lij tau hais txog kev txhawj xeeb loj txog seb cov khoom puas tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Kev sim davhlau ntawm Ka-226T hauv Is Nrias teb, Iran thiab Kazakhstan tshem tawm txhua qhov kev ntshai. Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev koom tes hauv kev tsim kho nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Lavxias Federation, kos npe rau xyoo 2015, muab qhov project, tsis muaj exaggeration, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, Lavxias teb sab Helicopters tuav lub luag haujlwm los npaj cov khoom siv rotorcraft nrog tsab ntawv "T" rau cov tub rog ntawm peb cov neeg Esxias sab qab teb nrog rau lub sijhawm.kev pabcuam thiab kev pabcuam. Thiab tseem tsim kev sib koom ua ke hauv Is Nrias teb.
Raws li txoj haujlwm no, thawj 60 lub nyoob hoom qav taub yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke hauv Russia ntawm aviation cog hauv Kumertau thiab Ulan-Ude aircraft cog, thiab tom ntej no 140 ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab ntawm HAL site hauv Tumakuru (Bangalore, Is Nrias teb). Tus nqi ntawm lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, muaj peev xwm tsim tau txog li 35 khoom ib xyoos twg, kwv yees li ntawm 40 billion rubles. Thawj lub nyoob hoom qav taub Indian yuav tsum yob tawm ntawm txoj kab sib dhos ntawm Tumakuru xyoo 2018.
Nyob tsis zoo
Lavxias teb sab nyoob hoom qav taub Ka-226T, zoo li txhua lub dav hlau, muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv nws qhov tsim. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb muaj xws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov kab siab ntawm cov rotors, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj thiab cov qib ntawm cov alarm vibration ntawm lub davhlau ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 160 km / h.
Ib qho tshwm sim ncaj ncees yog qhov "sagging" ntawm lub ntsiab tsaws iav, raws li qhov nruj ntawm cov shock absorbers tawm ntau yam xav tau. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj xws li cov khoom lag luam tuaj txawv teb chaws, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj no tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tiag tiag thaum muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Muaj qee qhov kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm lub ntsiab gearbox VR-226, uas muaj cov peev txheej tsawg heev. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov los ntawm chav tsev txhim khu kev qha BP-226N.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau cia siab tias kev tswj hwm ntawm JSC "Kamov" yuav txuas ntxiv teb sai sai rau cov ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txogteeb meem thiab shortcomings thiab raws sij hawm hloov kho cov khoom siv technology.
Kev cia siab thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev txhim kho
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Technodinamika thiab Lavxias Helicopters tuav tau siv los tsim cov roj hluav taws xob tshiab tshaj plaws rau lub dav hlau rotary-tis. Nws yuav tsum tsis suav nrog cov pa xau ntawm cov roj thaum muaj xwm txheej. Lub kaw lus tau tsim los rau ntau tus qauv tshwj xeeb, suav nrog Lavxias Ka-226T nyoob hoom qav taub.
Tus Thawj Coj General ntawm Lavxias Helicopters tuav lub tuam txhab, thaum mus xyuas Kumertau aviation enterprise, tau sau tseg tias kev lag luam nyoob hoom qav taub hauv tsev yog tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov coaxial rotorcraft. Raws li Boginsky, nws yog lub tswv yim no uas zoo li qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum tsim cov tsheb tsis muaj neeg siv.
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm OJSC "Kamov" Sergey Mikheev hauv kev xam phaj rau TV channel "Zvezda" tau qhia nws lub zeem muag ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam nyoob hoom qav taub. Ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, nws tau hu ua kev nce hauv kev ceev ntawm rotorcraft (tsawg kawg ob zaug), kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ua tiav ntau dua ntawm txhua hom kev ya davhlau, kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub.
