National Park "Lavxias teb sab Arctic" (Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam)

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Russia North yog ib thaj chaw nyuaj mus cuag thiab kawm me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tas yuav nyiam nrog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj. Cov av tiv thaiv ntawm Karelia, Obonezhye, Vologda xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev saib xyuas. Lub National Park "Lavxias teb sab Arctic" yog tsim los khaws lub ntuj thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab North.

Muaj "Lavxias teb sab Arctic"

Txhawm rau kom paub txog lub peev xwm ntawm Russia hauv Arctic, khaws cia qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm sab qaum teb thiab ua kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, xyoo 1999 cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho Lavxias teb sab Arctic National Park. Nws tau npaj los ua ke cov complexes ntawm Victoria Island, hauv Barents Hiav Txwv, ntawm Franz Josef Land thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Novaya Zemlya. Tom qab 10 xyoo, V. V. Putin tau hais kom tsim lub tebchaws Lavxias teb sab Arctic. Lub tiaj ua si suav nrog ntau cov Islands tuaj tiv thaiv, cov uas Fr. Gemskerk, Fr. Loshkin, aw. Northern, Orange Islands. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Arctic" yog hais txog 1.5 lab hectares: feem ntau ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv cov dej cheeb tsam (kwv yees li 790 txhiab hectares).

Franz Josef Land Reserve

Ib qho ntawm thaj chaw qaum teb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog Franz Josef Land, lub koog pov txwv yeej txuas nrog "Russian Arctic". Cov av ntawm cov archipelago tau raug suav hais tias yog kev tiv thaiv txij li xyoo 1994, thaum Franz Josef Land lub xeev xwm cia tau tsim. Lub ciam teb, uas yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Arctic", yog tsim los khaws cia lub pristine xwm, daws teeb meem ib puag ncig, thiab rov tsim dua cov peev txheej. Ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov tsiaj hauv zos los ntawm tib neeg lub zog.

Polar bears nyob rau thaj av ntawm lub koog pov txwv, uas qhov xwm txheej tau tsim ib qho chaw zoo rau ntawm no rau yug me nyuam.

Walrus rookeries nyob thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov cia. Ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Appolonov thiab Stolichki, koj tuaj yeem pom tsis tshua muaj Atlantic walruses ntawm rookery. Noog muaj ntau heev nyob ntawm no.

Unique microclimate

"Lavxias teb sab Arctic" (ib lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws hauv cheeb tsam Arkhangelsk), muaj qhov tshwj xeeb microclimate. Qhov chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws raug ntxuav los ntawm ob lub hiav txwv Arctic: Barents thiab Kara. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Barents Hiav Txwv yeej ib txwm tsis muaj dej khov, thaum lub Hiav Txwv Kara, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis khov rau lub caij ntuj sov ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj dej. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsim kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb microclimate nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si, uas muaj ntau yam fauna uas tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam Arctic.

fauna

"Russian Arctic" yog lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws uas muaj cov neeg nyob ruaj khov tsawg heev. Tsuas muaj 11 hom tsiaj xwb, tab sis lawv txhua tus tshwj xeeb. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia: lub Atlantic walrus thiab cov mos lwj Novaya Zemlya, bowhead whale thiab polar dais, narwhal thiab minke minke. Lub tiaj ua si ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv Kara-Barents polar bears. Arctic hma liab (ntawm toj qhuav) thiab lemmings (ze dej lub cev) nyob hauv thaj chaw tundra ntawm lub tiaj ua si.

"Lavxias teb sab Arctic" yog qhov chaw nyob tseem ceeb rau tus hneev nti bowhead, nws cov pejxeem Svalbard.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj no tau nyob rau ntawm qhov kev ploj tuag. Tam sim no cov pejxeem coob zuj zus tuaj. Marine mammals xws li bearded seal, harp seal, ringed seal, Atlantic walrus, seal, narwhal muaj nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv.

Avifauna

Lub avifauna ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia North. Cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw yog qhov zoo rau kev nyob ruaj khov thiab ua zes raws caij nyoog. Muaj zaub mov txaus ntawm no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm sov so, muaj ntau qhov chaw rau kev npaj zes, muaj suab tsis muaj predators. Terrestrial yog tundra partridge thiab snowy owl. Guillemots, polar guillemots, me auks, hom kittiwakes, dawb gulls, burgomasters thiab lwm hom noog zes ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov Islands tuaj.

Nrog txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm avifauna, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg sib txawv tsis tshua nyob ua ke. Me auks nyob hauv ntug hiav txwvthaj chaw thiab tsis txhob cia lawv txawm rau lub caij ntuj no quarters. Guillemots, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsuas yog zes ntawm ntug dej, thiab siv sijhawm so hauv hiav txwv, zoo li gulls thiab kittiwakes. Glaucous raptors thiab skuas nyob ze ze ze ntawm cov noog hiav txwv loj uas ua zaub mov rau lawv.

Russia Arctic National Park (Arkhangelsk) kuj zoo nkauj rau cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Lawv tuaj txog ntawm cov teb chaws yav qab teb thaum pib lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub caij sib tw. Tag nrho cov passerines, tshwj tsis yog cov daus bunting, yog migratory. Horned lark, Lapland plantain, wheatear, kais seev cev zes nyob rau hauv qhuav nyom thiab nyob rau hauv polar willows. Cov duck tsev neeg kuj muaj nyob rau hauv "Lavxias teb sab Arctic", muaj 12 hom ntawm lawv. Ua ke nrog lwm cov noog dej tshiab, lawv zes thiab noj ntawm cov pas dej arctic thiab cov kwj deg. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, cov cheeb tsam tau ntxiv nrog cov menyuam qaib tsiv mus rau qhov chaw sov dua.

Cultural and historical cuab yeej cuab tam

Russia Arctic National Park yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Cov khoom txuas nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm Arctic yog nyob ntawm no. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 11-12 centuries, nuv ntses yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si, muaj ib tug yos hav zoov rau walruses vim lawv fangs, hma liab vim lawv tshwj xeeb fur, noog nrog tsawg tis. Tus thawj European navigator mus txog Novaya Zemlya yog tus neeg Askiv Hugh Willoughby. Nws lub nkoj tau tawm hauv xyoo 1553 mus nrhiav txoj kev sab qaum teb los ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Tau mus txog rau sab qab teb ntawm Novaya Zemlya thiab nres ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Varzina, tag nrho cov neeg coob tuag nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis meej, tej zaum los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Nto moo Dutch navigator WillimBarents thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th mus txog Novaya Zemlya. Nws caij nkoj nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv qaum teb ntawm Novaya Zemlya, caij ntuj no ntawm cov kob nrog cov neeg coob. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev rov qab, tus neeg tsav nkoj poob mob tuag tes tuag taw nrog scurvy. Cov neeg coob tau rov qab los tsev nrog kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig.

Thawj tus neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias uas mus rau Novaya Zemlya yog Fyodor Rozmyslov. Nws tau siv sijhawm li ib xyoos ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm, thaum nws sau ntawv, piav qhia txog thaj chaw thiab nws cov yam ntxwv, ua raws li kev soj ntsuam huab cua thiab kev ua haujlwm geodetic. Nws cov neeg coob mus txog lub qhov ncauj ntawm Matochkin Shar thiab raug yuam kom rov qab mus rau Arkhangelsk. Thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries, Novaya Zemlya archipelago pib mus xyuas ntau zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv 1909, Vladimir Rusanov, ib tug Lavxias teb sab navigator, ua thawj txhim khu kev qha cartographic piav qhia ntawm Novaya Zemlya. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub tiaj ua si tam sim no.

Ecotourism tab tom txhim kho ntawm no.

Txhua tus tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub tiaj ua si "Lavxias teb sab Arctic". Cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj caij nkoj los ntawm Murmansk, thiab thaum caij nkoj mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov Islands tuaj.