Yuav kom nkag siab zoo txog cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom meej tias cov peev txheej ntuj no muaj dab tsi, qhov ua rau nws zoo kawg li.
Ntseeg ntawm Russia Plain
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov chaw Lavxias nyob qhov twg. Lub East European Plain nyob rau sab av loj ntawm Eurasia thiab nyob qib thib ob hauv ntiaj teb raws li thaj chaw tom qab Amazonian Plain. Lub npe thib ob ntawm East European Plain yog Lavxias. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Russia. Nws yog nyob rau thaj chaw no uas feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem yog concentrated thiab cov nroog loj tshaj plaws nyob.
Qhov ntev ntawm thaj av qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb yog yuav luag 2.5 txhiab km, thiab sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob - txog 3 txhiab km. Yuav luag tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain muaj lub tiaj tiaj tiaj nrog txoj kab nqes me ntsis - tsis pub ntau tshaj 5.qib. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub tiaj yuav luag tag nrog East European Platform. Kev txav ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb tsis xav tau ntawm no thiab, vim li ntawd, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim (xws li av qeeg).
Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm lub tiaj yog li 200 m saum toj no hiav txwv. Nws nce mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Bugulma-Belebeevskaya toj siab - 479 m. Lub tiaj tiaj Lavxias tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: sab qaum teb, nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb. Ntawm nws thaj chaw muaj ntau lub roob: Central Lavxias teb sab Plain, Smolensk-Moscow Upland - thiab lowlands: lub Polesskaya, Oka-Don Plain, thiab lwm yam.
Minerals ntawm Russia Plain
Russia Plain muaj nyiaj nplua nuj. Muaj txhua yam minerals ntawm no: ore, non-metallic, combustible. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob los ntawm kev rho tawm cov hlau ore, roj thiab roj.
1. Ore
Iron ore ntawm Kursk magnetic anomaly. Cov nyiaj khaws cia: Lebedinskoye, Mikhailovskoye, Stoilenskoye, Yakovlevskoye. Cov ore ntawm cov mined deposits yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau siab ntawm 41.5%.
2. Nonmetallic
- Bauxites. Deposits: Vislovskoye. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alumina hauv pob zeb nce mus txog 70%.
- Chalk, marl, nplua-grained xuab zeb. Deposits: Volskoye, Tashlinskoye, Dyatkovskoye thiab lwm yam.
- Brown thee. Cov pas dej: Donetsk, Podmoskovny, Pechora.
- pob zeb diamond. Deposits ntawm thaj av Arkhangelsk.
3. Flammable
- Roj thiabgas. Cov cheeb tsam roj thiab roj: Timan-Pechora thiab Volga-Ural.
- Oil shale. Deposits: Kashpirovskoe, Obschesyrtskoe.
Cov peev txheej minerals ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain yog mined nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Av, dej thiab huab cua yog qias neeg.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm East European Plain
Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev ua haujlwm: kev txhim kho cov pob zeb hauv av, kev tsim kho nroog, txoj kev, emissions los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj, lawv siv cov dej loj loj, cov khoom khaws cia uas ua. tsis muaj sij hawm yuav rov ntxiv, thiab kuj muaj kuab paug.
Hauv qab no peb xav txog txhua yam teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm Lavxias Plain. Lub rooj yuav qhia tias muaj teeb meem dab tsi, lawv nyob qhov twg. Muaj txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam tau nthuav tawm.
| Problem | Yog vim li cas | Localization | Yuav ua cas hem | Txoj kev daws teeb meem |
| Soil pollution | Kev txhim kho ntawm KMA |
Belgorod cheeb tsam Kursk cheeb tsam |
Kev cog qoob loo poob qis | Kev cog qoob loo los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov av dub thiab overburden |
| Industrial construction | cheeb tsam: Belgorod, Kursk, Orenburg, Volgograd, Astrakhan | pov tseg kom raug, rov ua dua cov av depleted | ||
| Kev tsim kho tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev loj | Txhua thaj chaw | |||
| Kev txhim kho ntawm cov av nplaum, phosphorites, pob zeb ntsev, shale, bauxite | cheeb tsam: Moscow, Tula, Astrakhan, Bryansk, Saratov thiab lwm yam. | |||
| Hydrosphere pollution | Kev txhim kho ntawm KMA | Kursk cheeb tsam, Belgorod cheeb tsam | Kev txo qis hauv av theem | Dej huv, nce qib dej hauv av |
| Pumping av | cheeb tsam Moscow, cheeb tsam Orenburg. etc. | Qhov tshwm sim ntawm karst landforms, deformation ntawm qhov chaw vim kev tawg ntawm pob zeb, landslides, sinkholes | ||
| Ammospheric pollution | Kev txhim kho ntawm KMA | Kursk cheeb tsam, Belgorod cheeb tsam | huab cua muaj kuab paug nrog cov pa phem, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov hlau hnyav | Nco thaj tsam hav zoov, thaj chaw ntsuab |
| Cov tuam txhab lag luam loj | cheeb tsam: Moscow, Ivanovo, Orenburg, Astrakhan thiab lwm yam. | Khauj ntawm tsev cog khoom gases | Txhim kho cov lim dej zoo ntawm cov kav dej ntawm kev lag luam | |
| Lub nroog loj | Txhua lub chaw loj | Txuag kev thauj mus los, nce thaj chaw ntsuab, chaw ua si | ||
| Txuag hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu | Yos hav zoov thiab pej xeem kev loj hlob | Txhua thaj chaw | Tsiaj txhu poob qis, cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ploj |
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm Russia Plain
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm East European Plain yog temperateteb chaws Europe. Continentality nce thaum koj tsiv mus rau hauv av. Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm lub tiaj hauv lub hli txias tshaj plaws (Lub Ib Hlis) yog -8 degrees nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab -12 degrees nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Lub hli sov tshaj plaws (Lub Xya Hli), qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob yog +18 degrees, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj +21 degrees.
Cov nag lossis daus loj tshaj plaws hauv lub caij sov - txog 60-70% ntawm cov nyiaj txhua xyoo. Dej nag ntau ntog saum toj siab tshaj li qhov chaw qis. Cov dej nag txhua xyoo nyob rau sab hnub poob yog 800 hli hauv ib xyoos, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - 600 hli.
Muaj ntau thaj chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Plain: steppes thiab semi-deserts, hav zoov-steppes, deciduous forests, mixed forests, taiga, tundra (thaum tsiv los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb).
Cov peev txheej hav zoov ntawm lub tiaj yog sawv cev feem ntau los ntawm hom coniferous - ntoo thuv thiab spruce. Yav dhau los, hav zoov tau nquag txiav thiab siv hauv kev lag luam ntoo. Tam sim no, hav zoov muaj kev ua si, tswj dej thiab tiv thaiv tus nqi.
Flora thiab fauna ntawm East European Plain
Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua me me ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, ib tus tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov av-zaj zaub ntsuab. Sab qaum teb soddy-podzolic av tau hloov mus rau sab qab teb los ntawm ntau cov qoob loo chernozems, uas cuam tshuam rau cov nroj tsuag.
Flora thiab fauna tau raug kev txom nyem heev vim tib neeg kev ua ub no. Ntau hom nroj tsuag tau ploj mus. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov faunaqhov kev puas tsuaj tau ua rau cov tsiaj muaj kab mob, uas ib txwm yog qhov xav tau ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Endangered mink, muskrat, raccoon aub, beaver. Xws li cov ungulates loj li cov tarpan tau raug tshem tawm mus ib txhis, saiga thiab bison tau yuav luag ploj mus.
Rau kev txuag ntawm qee hom tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag, reserves tau tsim: Oksky, Galichya Gora, Central Black Earth muaj npe tom qab. V. V. Alekhina, Hav zoov ntawm Vorskla thiab lwm tus.
Rivers thiab hiav txwv ntawm East European Plain
Qhov twg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain nyob, muaj ntau tus dej ntws thiab pas dej. Cov dej ntws loj uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg kev lag luam yog Volga, Oka thiab Don.
Volga yog tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lub Volga-Kama hydro-industrial complex yog nyob rau ntawm nws, uas muaj xws li ib tug pas dej ua ke, ib tug hydroelectric zog chaw nres tsheb thiab ib tug reservoir. Qhov ntev ntawm lub Volga yog 3631 km. Ntau ntawm nws cov tributaries yog siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb rau irrigation.
Don kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Nws ntev yog 1870 km. Volga-Don shipping kwj dej thiab Tsimlyansk reservoir yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv rau cov dej loj no, Khoper, Voronezh, Bityug, Northern Dvina, Western Dvina, Onega, Kem thiab lwm yam ntws rau ntawm lub tiaj.
Ntxiv rau cov dej ntws, Lub Plain Lavxias suav nrog hiav txwv: B altic, Barents, Dawb, Dub, Caspian.
Lub Nord Stream gas pipeline khiav raws qab hiav txwv B altic. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau ecological teeb meem ntawm cov khoom hydrological. Thaum lub sij hawm tso cov raj xa dej, cov dej txhaws tau tshwm sim, ntau hom ntses poob qis.
Nyob rau hauv lub B altic, Barents, Caspian thiab Dawb Seas, ib co minerals raug mined, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, ua phem rau cov dej. Qee qhov kev lag luam pov tseg nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv.
Nyob hauv Barents thiab Dub Seas, qee hom ntses raug ntes ntawm qhov chaw lag luam: cod, herring, flounder, haddock, halibut, catfish, anchovy, pike perch, mackerel, etc.
Lub Hiav Txwv Caspian yog siv rau nuv ntses, feem ntau yog rau sturgeons. Vim muaj tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, muaj ntau yam sanatoriums thiab chaw ncig teb chaws nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Muaj cov kev taug kev raws ntug hiav txwv Dub. Cov khoom siv roj tau raug xa tawm los ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj Lavxias.
av ntawm Russia Plain
Ntxiv rau cov dej saum npoo av, tib neeg siv cov dej hauv av, uas, vim yog kev siv tsis raug cai, cuam tshuam rau cov av - kev tawg yog tsim, thiab lwm yam. Muaj peb lub pob zeb loj ntawm lub tiaj: Caspian, Central Russian thiab East Russian. Lawv ua dej num rau thaj chaw loj.
