Karelian cheeb tsam yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia. Los ntawm sab hnub poob nws ciam teb rau Finland, thiab nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj raug ntxuav los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb. Cov cheeb tsam no yog nto moo rau nws amazing fauna thiab flora, uas tau khaws nws cov qub tsos. Lub hav zoov ntawm Karelia khaws ntau yam zais cia, nws muaj cov dej ntws, thiab cov pas dej loj loj tau muab zais rau hauv qhov tob.
Hnub no cov chaw no tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev. Kev yos hav zoov thiab deforestation yog tswj nruj heev. Hav zoov plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam, thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.
Encyclopedic data
Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Republic of Karelia yog npog nrog hav zoov. Lwm 30% yog nyob hauv swamps. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub hav zoov ntawm Karelia occupies 14 lab hectares, 9.5 lab ntawm cov uas yog them nrog nruam hav zoov. Ib feem peb ntawm thaj chaw no muaj kev tiv thaiv, cov hav zoov ntxiv yog siv ua lag luam.
Geographic nta
Karelia muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nyem. Nws thaj chaw zoo li cov ntaub pua plag, uas koj tuaj yeem pom daim iav pas dej, hav zoov coniferous, swamps, wastelands, birch groves, toj. Nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm, cov toj roob hauv pes tau zoo li lub zog ntawm glaciers. Niaj hnub no, raws li kev nco txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, "cov yaj lub hauv pliaj" tau nce siab saum thaj av - ib hom pob zeb dawb pob zeb uas tau muab los ntawm cov dej khov loj.
Cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb yog npog tag nrho nrog cov ntoo thuv siab thiab siab. Sab qaum teb hav zoov ntawm Karelia yog me dua thiab denser.
tsob ntoo coniferous thiab deciduous ntawm Karelia
Sandy av piav qhia qhov tseeb tias ntoo thuv kav hauv Karelia. Nws muaj ze li ntawm 70% ntawm cov hav zoov. Spruce hlob nyob rau hauv av nplaum thiab loamy av, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm nruab nrab taiga cheeb tsam.
Qee qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Onega yog npog nrog hav zoov spruce, ua ke nrog linden thiab maple. Coniferous hav zoov ntawm Karelia nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub koom pheej yog sib xyaw nrog Siberian larch.
Los ntawm cov ntoo deciduous hauv cheeb tsam loj hlob downy birch, grey alder, aspen. Tus naas ej Karelian birch, uas muaj xim variegated, siab ceev thiab txawv txawv graininess ntawm ntoo, tsuas yog pom nyob rau yav qab teb ntug ntawm cheeb tsam.
Cov chaw no kuj muaj cov nroj tsuag tshuaj ntsuab. Cov nroj tsuag qus tuaj ntawm no: bearberry, lily ntawm lub hav, orchis, saib.
Climate
Hav zoov ntawm Karelia tau tsim los ntawm kev nyab xeeb sab qaum teb hnyav. Lub cheeb tsam sab qaum teb yog nyob ib sab ntawm ciam teb ntawm Arctic Circle, thiab ib feem me me nyob hauv nws qhov txwv.
Paj teb yog tus yam ntxwvtaiga ecosystem, tab sis ib puag ncig ntawm Levozero, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Karelia, yog tundra.
Hmo ntuj dawb thiab lub caij nyoog ntawm thaj av
Lub caij ntuj no hauv cov ntu no ntev. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, muaj 190 hnub nrog kub kub ib xyoos, nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam - txog 150. Caij nplooj zeeg pib nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj thiab xaus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub kaum hli ntuj. Lub cev dej khov, cua tuaj tos, kev siv zog thiab lub sijhawm los nag zuj zus.
Yog tias koj nyiam los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg hav zoov ntawm Karelia, hu nkauj los ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab thiab kws sau paj huam, mus rau qhov kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli lossis thaum pib lub Cuaj Hli, txwv tsis pub koj yuav muaj sijhawm los qhuas lub caij ntuj no taiga.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub caij ntuj no hauv cov chaw no tsis txaus ntshai. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, ib tug impressive npaum li cas ntawm cov daus ntog nyob rau hauv Karelia, uas yog melts los yog ntog nyob rau hauv flakes dua. Daus npog tseem nyob rau yuav luag ib nrab xyoo ntawm theem ntawm 60-70 cm (nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog snowy winters - txawm mus txog ib 'meter'). Rau lub caij ntuj no, thaws tsis yog qhov txawv, thaum lub hnub ci zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov chaw no yog hmo dawb. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nruab hnub nrig tshaj 23 teev. Kev tsaus ntuj tsis tshwm sim, thiab lub ncov ntawm lub hmo dawb ntog rau lub rau hli ntuj, thaum tsis muaj txawm twilight. Tab sis muaj, ntawm chav kawm, lwm sab ntawm lub npib - lub polar hmo ntuj, uas nqis los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb yuav luag 3 lub hlis. Muaj tseeb tiag, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws no qhov tshwm sim tsis muaj zog qhia. Rau hmo dawb, koj yuav tsum mus rau sab qaum teb ntxiv - txog 66 degrees sab qaum teb latitude.
Karelian pas dej
Nyob hav zoovtsis yog tib lub natural we alth ntawm Karelia. Cov cheeb tsam no kuj muaj npe nrov rau nws cov pas dej. Nws muaj ob lub pas dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe - Ladoga thiab Onega. Pas dej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm hav zoov ecosystem. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv cheeb tsam, Karelians, nyob ntawm lawv lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Lawv tau koom tsis tau tsuas yog mus yos hav zoov, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nuv ntses. Cov pas dej kuj tseem ceeb rau cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv hav zoov ntawm Karelia. Cov duab ntawm cov chaw no nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Txawm niaj hnub no neeg nyiam nyob ze hav zoov pas dej.
Tag nrho cov pas dej Karelian nce mus txog 60 txhiab. Muaj ntau tus dej ntws hauv qhov chaw no - txog 11 txhiab. Tag nrho cov reservoir ntawm cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm Dawb thiab B altic Seas.
Nyob hav zoov
Cov tsiaj ntawm Karelia muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, lynxes, martens, American thiab Russian minks, otters, ferrets, weasels, wolverines, ermines, badgers, brown bears, hma, raccoon aub, elks, hma, qus reindeer, moles, shrews, squirrels, thiab nas predominate. Hedgehogs tsis tshua muaj thiab tsuas yog nyob rau sab qab teb. Muskrats nyob hauv ntau lub pas dej ntawm sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab Karelia. Dawb hare muaj kev lag luam dav. Ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, muaj ntau tus nab thiab vipers. Tab sis nab tsuas muaj nyob rau sab qab teb xwb, yuav luag tsis muaj nab nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Cov hav zoov ntawm Republic of Karelia yog tsev rau 200 hom noog, feem ntau yog tsiv teb tsaws. Capercaillie, dub grouse, hazel grouse, partridges tas li nyob ntawm no. Muaj ntau hom noog: luons, grebes, ducks, geese, swans. Muaj cov xuab zeb, hawks, bitterns, ospreys, buzzards, cranes thiab corncrakes nyob rau hauv hav zoov,ntau ntau hom owls. Woodpeckers thiab thrushes kuj tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm no, thiab waxwings flock rau cov khoom no nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ntsib txawm tias lub dav dawb hau golden hauv hav zoov Karelian. Dub grouse thiab ntoo grouse nyob txhua qhov chaw.
Cov Islands tuaj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb yog nto moo rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm eider, uas muaj cov khoom zoo. Nws, zoo li lwm cov noog tsawg, txwv tsis pub tua tsiaj.
Kab
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj mus xyuas Karelian hav zoov zoo heev thiab nrhiav cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws caij nyoog, tej zaum koj yuav hnov cov dab neeg txaus ntshai txog yoov tshaj cum loj, uas tsuas muaj cov hav zoov hav zoov, thiab txawm tias lub nroog loj ntawm thaj av qaum teb no..
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov loj me, tau kawg, exaggerated, tab sis tsis muaj pa taws tsis muaj hluav taws. Ntawm no muaj yoov tshaj cum coob heev, thiab lawv loj heev. Thiab dhau li yoov tshaj cum, hav zoov thiab swamps ntawm Karelia yog nyob rau hauv ib tug unthinkable tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam bloodsuckers, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm ntawm cloudberries. Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub Yim Hli, kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, thiab nrog thawj lub Cuaj Hlis Frost, nws ploj mus tag nrho.
Tourism in Karelia
Ob feem peb ntawm lub tebchaws tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Nws tsis zoo li tias nws yuav tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw cia, txij li kev nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw tiv thaiv tsuas yog txwv tsis pub. Thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb ua nyob rau ntawd, nyob rau hauv taiga txias thiab pristine wilderness.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev tsim kho vaj tse. Thiab nws tsim nyog hais tias nws yog txhua qhov chaw tseem nyob hauv nws cov me nyuam mos. Tsis tas yuav tham txog qhov kev pabcuam siab heev. Tab sis rauCov neeg ncig tebchaws puas mus rau taiga nrog qhov no?
Leading nyob rau sab saum toj Valaam - ib qho chaw qub txeeg qub teg ntawm ib lub pas dej ntawm Ladoga. Koj tuaj yeem mus ntawm no ntawm koj tus kheej lossis ua ib feem ntawm pawg neeg ncig tebchaws. Lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub nroog Kizhi tsim nyog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tsawg. Ob qhov chaw no nyob sab nraum Karelian hav zoov, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas mus rau qhov chaw no los ntawm kev deb sim mus xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog roob moj sab qhua ntawm qhov qub txeeg qub teg xwb, tab sis kuj mus xyuas cov chaw dawb huv.
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Karelia, hu ua qhov chaw muaj zog. Los ntawm txoj kev, Valaam thiab Kizhi kuj yog cov ntawm lawv thiab suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv roob moj sab qhua ntawm hav zoov, muaj ntau ancient pagan tuam tsev ua los ntawm lub Saami thiab Lapps, cov neeg hauv paus txawm inhabitants ntawm cov chaw no, uas tau tom qab hloov los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnub Karelians thiab Slavs. Qee tus daredevils mus rau Karelian hav zoov tsuas yog rau qhov laj thawj ntawm cov chaw mystical. Ua tib zoo xav: koj puas tau npaj mus ntsib tus tsis paub?
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pom ntawm koj tus kheej lub qhov muag zoo li cas hav zoov nyob hauv Karelia, npaj koj txoj kev mus rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Cov koom haum mus ncig ua si muab cov qhua caij ntuj sov so, kev ncig Christmas, rafting ntawm obstinate Rivers, thiab ntau lwm yam kev pab cuam uas ua rau kom muaj kev zoo nkauj ntawm pas dej thiab hav zoov. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Karelia, tseem muaj chaw rau kev loj hlob, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no theem yuav txaus siab rau lub diserencing so. Nws muaj kev xauj ntawm txhua qhov kev thauj mus los hauv dej, caij nees, safaris (nyob rau lub caij, tau kawg), nuv ntses. Koj tuaj yeem mus rauso txawm tsis muaj khoom siv thiab iav - txhua yam tuaj yeem xauj.
Zoo, yog tias muaj kev vam meej, tsim los ntawm pab pawg kws tshaj lij so hauv hav zoov ntawm Karelia tsis yog koj li, koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas cov chaw no hauv tuam txhab ntawm tib cov neeg nyiam taug kev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tus neeg hauv pab pawg uas muaj kev paub txog kev taug kev hauv Karelia. Tsis yog txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem tsim tsev pheeb suab thiab hlawv hluav taws, thiab qee qhov chaw zoo nkauj tsis nyob hauv daim duab qhia txhua. Piv txwv li, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem mus rau Island of Spirits raws Okhta ntawm koj tus kheej - koj yuav xav tau cov lus qhia paub txog ntawm no.
Cov chaw mus pw hav zoov tau teeb tsa ntau ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv hav zoov thiab nrawm. Cov chaw no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam rau lovers ntawm kev ua si dej. Kayakers tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Karelia.
Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nrog txoj cai thiab koj tus kheej lub siab, ua raws li cov cai kev nyab xeeb thaum teeb tsa hluav taws. Tsis txhob tso tseg ib qho chaw ntawm koj nyob hauv hav zoov hav zoov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj thiab haus cov pob khoom thiab cov khib nyiab hauv tsev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau raug nplua loj.
Ntuj hav zoov crafts
Lub hav zoov ntawm Karelia tau npaj siab dav faib nws cov nyiaj txiag txhua lub caij ntuj sov ntev. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem sau cranberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, blueberries, raspberries, blueberries. Muaj ntau cov nceb hauv qhov chaw no. Cov neeg hauv zos tau koom nrog kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to txhua lub caij. Yog tias koj tsis muaj hmoo nrog nceb lossis berries, nug cov neeg nyob hauv ib qho kev sib hais haum. Muaj tseeb tiag yuav muaj ntau tus neeg uas xav muab cov khoom noj hauv zos rau koj tus nqi nruab nrab.
Nyob thaum ub, tib neeg kuj yos hav zoov. Muaj nuj nqis fur tsiaj, uas txawm niaj hnub noKarelian hav zoov muaj nplua mias, muaj nuj nqis deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm thaj av. Cov yawg koob ntawm Karelians tau ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, muag lawv cov khoom rau cov tub lag luam los ntawm thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe.
Kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm hav zoov
Hnub no, thaj chaw tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshem tawm cov plua plav, sau cov txiv ntoo, nceb thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, tab sis kuj yog cov pulp thiab ntawv, nrog rau kev lag luam ntoo. Procurers tsim cov ntoo sawv hauv Karelia thiab xa mus rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Ib feem loj ntawm hav zoov raug xa tawm. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib npaug, lub xeev nruj me ntsis tswj kev deforestation thiab cog ntoo hluas.
