Tus Conqueror ntawm lub ntiaj teb Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev tau tso lub cim ci ntsa iab hauv Soviet thiab ntiaj teb cosmonautics. Nws yog nws uas tswj lub Voskhod-2 spacecraft, uas Alexei Leonov mus rau hauv lub sab nrauv. Nrog rau kev ua tsis tiav navigation system thiab tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb, Pavel Ivanovich tau manually tsaws Voskhod-2 nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb Permian taiga, uas tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub title ntawm Hero ntawm lub USSR.
Biography
Pavel Belyaev yug rau 1925-26-06 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Chelishchevo, North Dvina xeev (tam sim no nws yog lub Vologda cheeb tsam). Nws txiv yog ib tug kws kho mob, tab sis ua ntej ua tsov ua rog nws hloov txoj hauj lwm thiab tsiv nws tsev neeg los ntawm lub Vologda cheeb tsam mus rau lub Urals, mus rau lub nroog ntawm Kamensk-Uralsky. Pavel, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog qib rau qib 6, pib kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua 3, thiab nws tau nyob ntawd, ntawm chav kawm ntawm physics thiab astronomy, uas nws tau kis tus npau suav ntawm qhov chaw.
Lub Rau Hli 1941, tus tub kawm tiav qib cuaj, thiab lub Yim Hli lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov mus rau hauv tsev kho mob, thiab thawj tus raug mob los ntawm sab xub ntiag pib tuaj txog ntawd. Lub xyoo kawg ntawm lub xyoo caum, Pavel Belyaev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 1. Nws muaj ib tug accordion pub dawb los ntawm ib tug neeg los ntawmcov txheeb ze, thiab thaum so nws qee zaum ua si. Txawm hais tias nws mob siab rau kev ua suab paj nruag, cov tub ntxhais hluas npau suav ntawm kev ua tus tsav thiab ob peb zaug xa ntawv mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv dav hlau. Pavel nyiam nyeem ntawv taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb cov ntawv tseeb. Nws xav txog aviation los ntawm cov phau ntawv hais txog kev ya davhlau ntawm Gromov thiab Chkalov thiab sab qaum teb flights ntawm Soviet pilots.
Tsov rog thiab tom qab tsov rog xyoo
Xyoo 1942, tom qab kawm tiav, kaum rau xyoo Belyaev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm pub dawb rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis vim nws tseem hluas, nws tsis tau txais. Tom qab ntawd nws pib ua hauj lwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab cog ua ib tug turner, koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov artillery shells.
Xyoo 1943, thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim, Pavel txawm li cas los xij nkag mus hauv Yeysk Aviation School, uas nyob rau hauv Sarapul, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Nyob rau hauv 1945 nws kawm tiav los ntawm nws thiab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov units ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj-September ntawm tib lub xyoo, nws koom nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-Japanese ua tsov ua rog ua ib tug fighter pilot, ces ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Navy Aviation.
Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam hauv Far East, Pavel Belyaev tau ya ntau tshaj tsib puas teev thiab tau paub ntau ntau hom dav hlau. Los ntawm 1956 txog 1959 kawm ntawm Red Banner Air Force Academy.
Space flight
Nyob rau hauv 1960, Pavel Ivanovich tau cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub cosmonaut corps. Ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj uas raug xaiv, nws yog tus hlob tshaj plaws thiab cov laus tshaj plaws hauv qib thiab txoj haujlwm. Npaj ya ntawm Voskhod thiab Vostok class ships.
Lub Peb Hlis 18-19, 1965, qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Pavel Belyaev tshwm sim: raws litus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj, nws ua ib qho chaw ya davhlau. Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj Voskhod-2, nrog rau nws, yog tus co-pilot, Alexei Leonov, uas, thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau, tawm mus rau hauv qhib qhov chaw thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thaum rov qab los rau lub ntiaj teb, lub nkoj tus cwj pwm tswj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Pavel Ivanovich taw qhia Voskhod-2 los ntawm txhais tes thiab pib lub cav nres. Cov haujlwm zoo li no hauv ntiaj teb astronautics tau ua thawj zaug. Cov pilots tsaws hauv Permian taiga, xya caum kilometers ntawm lub nroog Usolye, Solikamsk thiab Berezniki. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lawv lub davhlau tau kav ib hnub, ob teev, ob feeb thiab kaum xya vib nas this. Nws muaj peev xwm khiav tawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw deb ntawm taiga tsuas yog ob hnub tom qab: cov neeg cawm siav yuav tsum tau txiav hav zoov los npaj lub helipad.
Tom qab rov qab los rau lub ntiaj teb, Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev tau txais tub rog qib tub rog, Order of Lenin thiab lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm USSR.
Ntxhais hmoob
Pavel Belyaev ntsib nws tus poj niam Tatyana Filippovna thaum ua haujlwm hauv Far East. Nws tau los ua nws tus khub ncaj ncees. Cov khub niam txiv muaj ob tug ntxhais: Lyudmila thiab Irina. Ob leeg mus rau lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag thiab ntaus piano, uas yog nyob rau ntawm Belyaevs lub tsev. Pavel Ivanovich nws tus kheej yog suab paj nruag, feem ntau zaum ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab ua Schubert's serenade lossis Oginsky's polonaise.
Tus poj niam cosmonaut ua haujlwm hauv Star City ua tus thawj coj ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Gagarin. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Tatyana Filippovna, thaum Belyaev thiab Leonov ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw, nws nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw rau nws tus kheej thiab tsis tawm hauv TV. Tom qab ntawd, tus poj niam tau mus xyuas qhov chaw tsaws"Voskhod-2" thiab xav tsis thoob tias nws tus txiv muaj peev xwm tsaws lub nkoj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug impenetrable thicket.
xyoo tshiab
Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1970s, Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union, yuav tsum tau ua ib qho chaw dav hlau dua. Nws tau npaj tias nws yuav mus rau lub ntuj satellite ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ya ncig nws. Tab sis thaum kawg, lwm tus cosmonaut, Valery Voloshin, raug xa mus rau lub hli, thiab Belyaev raug ncua vim muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov kws kho mob tau ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm Pavel Ivanovich, thiab nws zoo li nws tau kho. Tab sis tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim peritonitis, thiab thaum 1970-10-01 nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug-plaub. Hero ntawm lub USSR tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Novodevichy ntawm lub peev.
Memory
Ib lub ntiaj teb me me, lub qhov tsua ntawm lub hli, thiab lub nkoj tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau muaj npe tom qab Pavel Belyaev. Ib lub rooj tsav xwm ntawm Aeroflot lub dav hlau dais nws lub npe. Nyob rau hauv 1970, Belyaev Street tshwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Vologda, muaj npe tom qab lub astronaut. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub square thiab txoj kev hauv Kamensk-Uralsky dais lub npe ntawm Pavel Ivanovich.
Lub Tsib Hlis 2015, lub cim nco txog nrog cov duab puab ntawm peb tus kws tsav dav hlau: Pavel Belyaev, Georgy Beregovoy thiab Nikolai Kuznetsov tau teeb tsa hauv Star City ntawm tsev No. 2.
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab hu ua "Lub Sijhawm Ua Ntej" tau tso tawm, raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag uas tshwm sim xyoo 1965 thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau ntawm Belyaev thiab Leonov. Pavel Ivanovich ua si los ntawm Konstantin Khabensky, thiab Alexei Arkhipovich ua si los ntawm Evgeny Mironov. Nws paub tias Leonovncaj qha mus sau ntawv ntawm zaj duab xis. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab tau txais ntau yam khoom plig ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab festivals.
