Cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm Hnub Nyoog Tshiab (tom qab no hu ua STP) yog kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas tau pib hauv xyoo pua 18th thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau ntawm lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau European kev vam meej. Thiab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb.
Industrial Revolution
Thawj theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm txuj ci yog qhov hu ua kev hloov pauv kev lag luam, uas tau pib hauv tebchaws Askiv nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Qhov theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm uas tau ua dhau los phau ntawv.
Pioneers ntawm British Isle
Kev lig kev cai nws ntseeg tias kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb no. Nws nyob ntawm no tias, txij li xyoo 1760, qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau ua tiav hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam teeb thiab hnyav. Piv txwv li, lub invention ntawm cov xov paj loom coj mus rau lus Askiv domination ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab cov American textile lag luam. Cov tsos ntawm thawj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no coj mus rau lub hloov ntawm lub English fleet los ntawm ships ntawm ib tug tshiab hom - high-ceev thiab ergonomic. Qhov no ntxiv cemented cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawmqhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov nkoj Askiv tshaj li lwm cov Europeans.
STP kev ua tiav kuj tau tshwm sim hauv
txhim kho kev tsim kho vaj tse. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov tsos ntawm chav locomotives, vim hais tias lub teb chaws tau sai heev entangled nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho network ntawm railways, uas tau yooj yim kev sib txuas lus ntawm txawv cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, kev lag luam ntawm lawv, thiab hais txog. Kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb kuj tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam hnyav. Piv txwv li, lub invention ntawm lub tshuab milling coj mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb leap nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm mechanical engineering.
Kev lag luam kiv puag ncig hauv Europe
Tau kawg, thawj theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis yog qhov tshwm sim uas tsis yog rau Askiv. Nws tag nrho tau pib hauv lub tebchaws no, tab sis sai sai no cov kev hloov pauv tau txais yuav nyob rau sab av loj. Ntawm no tshwm sim lawv tus kheej giants ntawm lub teeb thiab hnyav kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, lub teb chaws Yelemees, ua ib lub teb chaws agrarian rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau tswj kom loj hlob nws cov tub rog thiab technology muaj peev xwm. Hauv qee thaj chaw - tshuaj lom neeg, piv txwv li, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj txhua.
STP hauv kev lag luam thiab tib neeg
Tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem no tsis txwv rau kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam thiab kev ua tub rog tawm tsam ntawm cov xeev sib tw. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nce qib nteg tob dua. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv mus rau kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm tau rhuav tshem cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb-feudal qub thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm bourgeois-capitalist kev sib raug zoo raws li kev lag luam thiab kev sib tw dawb. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam nyiaj txiag, qhov xwm txheej ntawmhaiv neeg: nws cov chav kawm tshiab tau tshwm sim (ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb tab tom tham txog cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov bourgeoisie), kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroog nrawm, cov tswv yim tshiab kev lag luam tau tshwm sim uas tau hloov pauv lub ntiaj teb lub ntsej muag.
Kev hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub
Hnub no peb txhua tus ua pov thawj ntawm theem ob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. By
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab tau nthuav tawm hauv kev tshawb nrhiav chaw, kev siv computer loj (thawj IBM kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau 1940) thiab Internetization ntawm lub ntiaj teb chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib uas tsis tau pom dua hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog. Piv txwv li, kev sib koom ua ke automation ntawm cov khoom lag luam ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tawm ntau lab tus neeg ua haujlwm rau lwm qhov haujlwm. Thawj thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov pej xeem tsis tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom noj thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb. Kev paub txog kev lag luam, kev lag luam tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam tau loj hlob, ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov peb niaj hnub hu ua lub neej tom qab kev lag luam.
